Using genetic tools to conditionally abrogate C/EBPβ expression in Pax7 + cells, we examined the role of C/EBPβ in self-renewal of satellite cells during muscle regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
After a single muscle injury, C/EBPβ-deficient satellite cells fail to self-renew resulting in a reduction of satellite cells available for future rounds of regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings demonstrate that C/EBPβ is a novel regulator of satellite cell self-renewal during muscle regeneration acting at least in part through Notch2. (biomedcentral.com)
Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)
The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
The latest advances in the field of spinal cord development and its regeneration following damage were discussed at a recent EMBO workshop 'Spinal cord development and regeneration' in Sitges, Spain (October, 2014), highlighting the use of direct visualization of cellular processes, genome-wide molecular techniques and the development of methods for directed stem cell differentiation and regeneration. (biologists.com)
The meeting, organized by Elisa Martí (IBMB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain), Jonas Muhr (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden) and Kate Storey (University of Dundee, UK), brought together international researchers interested in spinal cord development and those who are developing strategies to restore the function of the spinal cord in pathological situations using regeneration of the damaged tissue, including controlled cell replacement. (biologists.com)
These findings suggest that prosaposin expression in the auditory hair cells is acquired uniquely in mammals partly due to the loss of regeneration upon maturation and improved autophagic activity in mammalian auditory hair cells. (bvsalud.org)
Epimorphic regeneration is the process by which complete regeneration of a complex structure such as a limb occurs through production of a proliferating blastema. (biomedcentral.com)
We have used this line to show that BMP function is not only required for appendage regeneration but that it is specifically needed to generate a proliferating blastema while being dispensable for wound healing [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Satellite cells (SCs), which are precursors of skeletal muscles, such as the TA muscle, play a key role in muscle homeostasis and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
SCs are normally in a quiescent state in adult muscles, and start proliferating during muscle regeneration in response to denervation. (biomedcentral.com)
Myoblasts4
When overexpressed in the murine myoblast cell line C2C12 or in primary myoblasts, C/EBPβ reduced MyoD and other myogenic protein levels during differentiation, in addition to reducing myoblast fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
3 20 21 Major factors underlining this poor outcome included low ability of myoblasts to migrate beyond the injection site[22 23 and poor survival of injected cells. (biotech-angels.com)
26-29] As an alternative to poorly-engrafting myoblasts much recent interest has developed around the idea of therapy with stem cells. (biotech-angels.com)
34] Upon damage satellite television cells become activated providing rise to proliferating myoblasts which in turn fuse to existing muscle tissue fibers or even to additional myoblasts to URMC-099 create new myofibers to correct muscle tissue harm. (biotech-angels.com)
Myogenic8
Persistent expression of C/EBPβ upregulates Pax7, inhibits MyoD, and blocks myogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Muscle samples were collected and myogenic cells were isolated and cultivated. (nature.com)
Overall, Gln supplementation stimulated cell proliferation in muscle tissue and in vitro in myogenic cell culture, whereas muscle growth regulatory genes were barely altered. (nature.com)
Therefore, we complemented our investigations into the cellular development of the skeletal muscle of neonatal piglets with in vitro studies using a primary porcine myogenic cell culture model with Gln supplementation. (nature.com)
Quantifying the exact expression levels of the mRNA isoforms encoding these myogenic transcription factors is therefore key to understanding how MuSCs switch between cell states. (biomed.news)
We demonstrate that mdPCR can give exact molecule counts per cell for mRNA isoforms encoding the myogenic transcription factor Pax3. (biomed.news)
Their fate is regulated by the expression of various transcription factors, including paired box 7 (Pax7) and myogenic differentiation (MyoD) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation8
Pax7 is a transcription factor that plays a role in myogenesis through regulation of muscle precursor cells proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
In both processes, rapid proliferation gives rise to new tissue, cell fate has to be specified within that tissue, and distinct positional identities have to be established to generate a properly patterned structure. (frontiersin.org)
WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
Proliferating, BrdU-positive cells in muscle sections were detected with immunohistochemistry indicating different cell types and decreasing proliferation with age. (nature.com)
Cell culture experiments indicated that Gln could promote cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, but expression of myogenesis regulatory genes was not altered. (nature.com)
31] Down the road Sacco and colleagues proven that intra-muscular transplantation of an individual luciferase-expressing muscle stem cell isolated from Myf5 reporter mice led to intensive proliferation and contribution to muscle materials. (biotech-angels.com)
A single, early local administration of high-dose bFGF prevented atrophic changes in the thyroarytenoid muscles by activating satellite cell proliferation and reforming neuromuscular junctions. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiation5
The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is expressed in Pax7 + satellite cells of healthy muscle and is downregulated during myoblast differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate cellular growth and differentiation, metabolism, and inflammation [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells have the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into specialized cell types and can be primarily classified as adult and pluripotent stem cells which differ significantly in regard to their differentiation potential and expansion capability. (biotech-angels.com)
35-39] Meanwhile a little subset of satellite television cells will not undergo differentiation but wthhold the ability to go back to a quiescent state and therefore preserve the satellite television cell pool. (biotech-angels.com)
Here, we investigated the benefits and mechanisms of the preventive effects of YBMT on loss of muscle mass and function in a senescence-associated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10) model, with a special focus on the role of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11). (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
30] The additional approach used a transgenic reporter mouse for Pax3 a paralog of Pax7 which allowed for the immediate isolation of Pax3+ (GFP+) muscle satellite television cells by movement cytometry. (biotech-angels.com)
Protein3
Paired box protein Pax-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAX7 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family and is a key protein in regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell therapy with young bone marrow from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice exhibited GFP+ myofibres in aged muscle tissues. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
31] Cells isolated from mature skeletal muscles displayed homogenous expression of Pax7 and contributed to both dietary fiber repair also to the muscle satellite television cell URMC-099 compartment subsequent their transplantation into dystrophic mice. (biotech-angels.com)
Quiescent state1
For example, muscle stem cells (MuSCs), located beneath the basal lamina, exist in the quiescent state but can transition to an activated, proliferative state upon injury. (biomed.news)
Differentiate2
Postnatal growth and repair of skeletal muscle relies upon a population of quiescent muscle precursor cells, called satellite cells that can be activated to proliferate and differentiate into new myofibers, as well as self-renew to replenish the satellite cell population. (biomedcentral.com)
Adult stem cells are tissue specific and have limited capacity to be expanded while pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into any cell type of the body while possessing unlimited self-renewal. (biotech-angels.com)
Located beneath the basal lamina1
These cells are located beneath the basal lamina of myofiber in a dormant state. (elifesciences.org)
Regenerative7
Rapidly expanding technological innovations have led to a resurgence of interest in defining the factors that enable regenerative healing, and in coupling these factors to human therapeutic interventions. (frontiersin.org)
HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Below we review the literature on some of the most studied stem cell populations that have been ascribed with muscle regenerative potential pointing out their advantages as well as caveats. (biotech-angels.com)
1 Adult Stem Cells 1.1 Satellite Cells Studies in the last decade have clearly proven that the regenerative ability of adult skeletal muscle is due to the satellite cell a quiescent stem cell population of muscle precursors located between the basal lamina and sarcolemma of each myofiber. (biotech-angels.com)
45 47 48 It took about fifty years using their initial identification in the first 1960s for genuine preparations of mouse satellite television cells to become isolated and tested for his or her URMC-099 regenerative potential. (biotech-angels.com)
30 31 One group took the approach of transplanting sole muscle fibers which demonstrated that every myofiber including 7 or fewer satellite television cells could create over 100 new myofibers in engrafted muscles. (biotech-angels.com)
Mice3
However, PAX7 is not required for spermatogenesis, as mice without PAX7+ spermatogonia show no deficits in fertility. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, mice lacking PAX7 had delayed recovery of spermatogenesis following exposure to busulfan when compared to control mice. (wikipedia.org)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α dampens Notch signaling and canonical NF-κB pathway in skeletal muscle of adult mice. (elifesciences.org)
Neural1
Pax-7 plays a role in neural crest development and gastrulation, and it is an important factor in the expression of neural crest markers such as Slug, Sox9, Sox10 and HNK-1. (wikipedia.org)
Tissue3
Both miRNAs and siRNAs need to be delivered into the target tissue or cell in order to activate the desired therapeutic effect," Muthiah Manoharan, Ph.D., senior vp, drug discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, explained. (genengnews.com)
The compromised tissue repair program is attributable to the gradual depletion of stem cells and to altered regulatory signals. (biomed.news)
Additionally, we constructed gene-edited cell lines targeting these two amino acids, which completely restricted ALV-A entry without affecting Cbl uptake. (bvsalud.org)
There is certainly proof for heterogeneity inside the satellite television cell compartment having a subset of satellite television cells having higher potential to engraft the satellite television cell area. (biotech-angels.com)
Upregulate1
Various growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins upregulate HGF gene expression, including basic fibroblast growth factor, oncostatin M, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Rapidly1
Unlike PAX7+ muscle satellite cells, PAX7+ spermatogonia rapidly proliferate and are not quiescent. (wikipedia.org)
Tissues3
Originally discovered as axon guidance factors, they have been implicated in cancer progression, embryonal organogenesis, skeletal muscle innervation, and other physiological and developmental functions in different tissues. (biomed.news)
Once the wound is healed, the cells of the stump must mobilise under the wound epidermis and begin the process of replacing lost tissues, by forming a proliferating blastema. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Axon1
eph dsRNA was injected into syncytial stage embryos to perturb eph expression at the larval time points relevant to axon targeting in the adult visual system. (sdbonline.org)
Satellite3
Ex vivo cultures of myofiber explants demonstrate that ablation of IRE1α reduces the proliferative capacity of myofiber-associated satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
30-32] The satellite cell was first described by Mauro in 1961 using electron microscopy[33] and later by Bishoff in 1986 utilizing phase-contrast microscopy on solitary myofiber explants. (biotech-angels.com)
Immunohistochemistry indicated that bFGF significantly increased the number of satellite cells in the thyroarytenoid muscle up to day 14 and that of neuromuscular junctions on days 28 and 56. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression2
While GPR37L1 mRNA expression was observed in the oligodendrocytes/Schwann cells in the vestibular ganglion, GPR37 mRNA expression was observed in the crista ampullaris base region. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, as GPR37L1 expression in the chick glial cells differed from GPR37 expression in mammalian glial cells, the roles of GPR37 and GPR37L1 for prosaposin may differ between birds and mammals. (bvsalud.org)
Stages1
Eph continues to be expressed in the larval CNS and imaginal discs, as well as pupal and adult stages as assayed by Northern blot analysis. (sdbonline.org)
Role1
Semaphorins are a wide family of extracellular regulatory signals with a multifaceted role in cell-cell communication. (biomed.news)
Types1
Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Activation1
In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Reduction1
The extent of the reduction in lean mass may depend on various factors, such as the duration and degree of energy deficit of the diet, as well as the individual's starting weight and overall health. (biomed.news)
HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)