Progression through meiotic prophase. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mammalian oocytes are maintained in meiotic prophase arrest for a very long time-months in mice, years in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Prophase I arrest and progression to metaphase I in mouse oocytes are controlled by Emi1-dependent regulation of APC(Cdh1). (nih.gov)
Results in chapter three show that the G s family of G-proteins is required to maintain meiotic arrest in vertebrate oocytes. (uconn.edu)
Likewise, injection of an inhibitory antibody made against the α subunit of G s causes meiotic resumption in zebrafish oocytes, as has been reported in Xenopus and mouse oocytes. (uconn.edu)
A) Time-course traditional western blots of meiotic oocytes using antibodies against RVp[S/T]F theme. (gasyblog.com)
Time-course traditional western blots of meiotic oocytes using antibodies against (H/K)pSP or pTPxK, respectively. (gasyblog.com)
Time-course traditional western blots of meiotic oocytes using antibodies against pSPP or pTPP. (gasyblog.com)
How do oocytes protect themselves from stress during the prolonged prophase I meiotic arrest? (nih.gov)

Ameiotic1 ( Am1 ) encodes a plant-specific nuclear protein (AM1) required for meiotic entry and progression through early prophase I. Pollen mother cells (PMCs) remain mitotic in most am1 mutants including am1-489 , while am1-praI permits meiotic entry but PMCs arrest at the leptotene/zygotene (L/Z) transition, defining the roles of AM1 protein in two distinct steps of meiosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Meanwhile, the granulosa cells within the follicle regulate the hydrolysis of cAMP, a process which involves cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that maintains high cAMP and meiotic arrest. (wikipedia.org)
Initially the arrest is due to lack of sufficient cell cycle proteins to allow meiotic progression. (wikipedia.org)
However, as the oocyte grows, these proteins are synthesized, and meiotic arrest becomes dependent on cyclic AMP . (wikipedia.org)
Maintenance of meiotic arrest also depends on the presence of a multilayered complex of cells, known as a follicle, that surrounds the oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
In the oocyte, cyclic GMP prevents the breakdown of cyclic AMP by the phosphodiesterase PDE3, and thus maintains meiotic arrest. (wikipedia.org)
Oocyte maturation involves the release of the primary meiotic arrest at prophase I and progression of the oocyte nucleus into meiotic divisions to produce a mature oocyte (egg) capable of being fertilized ( Von Stetina and Orr-Weaver, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
Egg activation releases the secondary meiotic arrest, allowing completion of meiosis ( Horner and Wolfner, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
Mammalian Emi2 mediates cytostatic arrest and transduces the signal for meiotic exit via Cdc20. (nih.gov)
Loss of Zcwpw1 in male mice caused a complete failure of synapsis, resulting in meiotic arrest at the zygotene to pachytene stage, accompanied by incomplete DNA double-strand break repair and lack of crossover formation, leading to male infertility. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Discussion In this ongoing work, we define a thorough system of phosphorylation changes through the oocyte-to-embryo transition, spanning the entire developmental window from a prophase I arrest towards the first embryonic cleavage. (gasyblog.com)
elife-70588-fig4-figsupp2-data1.pdf (8.6M) GUID:?0D5A24BA-5E5C-40BD-9DF5-0B1F64BA2BAF Supplementary document 1: Protein abundances quantified across time-course proteomics from prophase We arrest towards the 1st embryonic cleavage. (gasyblog.com)
elife-70588-supp1.xlsx (3.1M) GUID:?49F0120F-77B9-4447-8EB0-9A65C3C07153 Supplementary document 2: Outcomes of gene ontology analysis of proteins with significant adjustments in abundances from prophase We arrest towards the 1st embryonic cleavage. (gasyblog.com)
elife-70588-supp4.xlsx (13K) GUID:?211EE291-1696-453E-84C4-236ABA414AEF Supplementary document 5: Phosphorylation abundances quantified across time-course proteomics from prophase We arrest towards the 1st embryonic cleavage and upon calyculin Cure. (gasyblog.com)
In mammals, studies on the early stages of oogenesis face serious technical challenges in that entry into the meiotic cycle, meiotic recombination, and the initiation of the highly conserved prophase I arrest all occur during embryogenesis. (nih.gov)
Mutation of Stag3 causes a zygotene-like meiotic prophase I arrest in both males and females. (gsk-3inhibitor.com)

Specifically, YTHDC2 deficiency causes microtubule-dependent telomere clustering and apoptosis at the pachytene stage of prophase I. Depletion of YTHDC2 results in a massively dysregulated transcriptome in pachytene cells, with a tendency toward upregulation of genes normally expressed in mitotic germ cells and downregulation of meiotic transcripts. (bvsalud.org)
Depending on the species, DAZL is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and/or pre-meiotic and meiotic germ cells of both sexes. (ijbs.com)
We show that the H3K4me3 reader ZCWPW1 is specifically required for meiosis prophase I progression in male but not in female germ cells in mice. (appliedbioinfo.com)
this is due to higher rates of degeneration of germ cells during meiotic prophase. (iiab.me)

Therefore, understanding the molecular changes that specify the archesporial cells, the progenitors of meiotic cells, is crucial in defining the network of cellular processes leading to a successful switch from mitosis to meiosis. (biomedcentral.com)
When Ndj1 is absent, these dramatic motions cease and multiple steps of meiosis I prophase progression are delayed. (biorxiv.org)
Meiosis begins with DNA replication and meiotic crossing over. (wikipedia.org)
As CXXC1 is orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spp1 that links DSB sites to the DSB machinery on the chromosome axis, we propose that these molecular interactions involved in the regulation of meiotic DSB formation are conserved in mouse meiosis. (springer.com)
Once formed, the primary oocyte will persist in prophase stage of the first meiotic division until the time of ovulation when meiosis is resumed. (mhmedical.com)
The histone modification reader ZCWPW1 is required for meiosis prophase I in male but not in female mice. (appliedbioinfo.com)
We show that STAG3 is needed for the localization on the meiosis-specific subunits of cohesin, SMC1b, RAD21L and REC8, to chromosomal axes during meiotic prophase. (gsk-3inhibitor.com)
We have demonstrated that cyclin A1 is essential for the progression of spermatocytes into the first meiotic division, that cyclin A2 is required for mitotic divisions of male germ cell stem cells, and that the E-type cyclins have unexpected function during meiosis, notably in the maintenance of telomere integrity. (columbia.edu)
2005 The effects of age on entry into and progression through meiosis are largely unexplored. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
In humans meiotic chromosome segregation errors increase with maternal age (reviewed in Hassold and Hunt 2001 Approximately 80% of these segregation errors occur during meiosis I and 20% result from meiosis II non-disjunction (Sherman et al. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

The follicle (including the oocyte and granulosa cells) regulates meiotic progression in the oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
If penetrated by a sperm, the secondary oocyte will undergo a second meiotic division after which the second polar body is extruded. (mhmedical.com)
This dissertation concerns the role of heterotrimeric G-proteins in regulating oocyte cAMP levels and meiotic progression, as introduced in chapter one. (uconn.edu)
Recent evidence suggests that many meiotic errors occur downstream of defects in oocyte growth and/or the hormonal signaling pathways that drive differentiation of the oocyte. (nih.gov)
Easy access to the early stages of oogenesis, coupled with the available genetic and molecular genetic tools, makes Drosophila an excellent model for studies on meiotic progression and oocyte development. (nih.gov)
To understand the regulatory inputs that control early meiotic progression, we are working to determine how the oocyte initiates and then maintains the meiotic cycle within the challenging environment of the ovarian cyst. (nih.gov)
How does the oocyte inhibit mitotic activity before meiotic maturation and the full growth and development of the egg? (nih.gov)
TORC1 regulators Iml1/GATOR1 and GATOR2 control meiotic entry and oocyte development in Drosophila. (nih.gov)

PR domain-containing protein 9 (PRDM9) is a major regulator of the localization of meiotic recombination hotspots in the human and mouse genomes. (springer.com)
Meiotic recombination is initiated by programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), generated by SPO11 and accessory proteins (de Massy 2013 ). (springer.com)

Rad51b c.92delT/c.92delT mice exhibited meiotic DNA repair defects due to RAD51 and HSF2BP/BMRE1 accumulation in the chromosome axes leading to a reduction in the number of crossovers. (nature.com)
The events of meiotic prophase follow a specialized round of DNA replication when the meiotic chromosome axis is formed. (biorxiv.org)
Once cells possess inserted the meiotic plan they go Stattic through pre-meiotic DNA replication which is certainly accompanied by two rounds of chromosome segregation. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

Accordingly, Rad51b-c.92delT variant reduced replication fork progression of patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines and pluripotent reprogramming efficiency of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (nature.com)

It is presently unclear how L2-d cells are programmed to be pre-meiotic within anthers or how this identity is retained during the mitotic divisions prior to PMC maturation. (biomedcentral.com)

She identified the proteins (Gs protein) and receptors (GPR3) that are responsible for meiotic prophase arrests. (wikipedia.org)
Here we identified Nup2 in a pool of enriched proteins that co-purify with tagged Ndj1 from meiotic cell extracts. (biorxiv.org)
This protein acts to integrate signals from ATM and ATR, two cell cycle proteins involved in DNA damage responses, that also associate with chromatin in meiotic prophase I. Phosphorylation of CDC25A protein phosphatase by this protein is required for cells to delay cell cycle progression in response to double-strand DNA breaks. (caslab.com)

The sequential activation of the members of this family and their phosphorylation of certain substrates promotes the progression through the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

Our results demonstrate that YTHDC2 regulates the pachytene stage by perpetuating a meiotic transcriptome and preventing microtubule network changes that could lead to telomere clustering. (bvsalud.org)
The GATOR complex regulates an essential response to meiotic double-stranded breaks in Drosophila. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, a functional analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed enriched gene ontology terms involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm, histone modification, meiotic nuclear division, and others. (biomedcentral.com)

To gain more insights into the roles of AM1 in the transcriptional pre-meiotic and meiotic programs, we report here an in depth analysis of gene expression alterations in carefully staged anthers at 1 mm (meiotic entry) and 1.5 mm (L/Z) caused by each of these am1 alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
We showed that the BET family member BRDT is essential for proper chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation during meiotic prophase and also during spermiogenesis and that BRD2 is essential for embryonic survival and neural differentiation and function, in particular in the etiology of seizure susceptibility. (columbia.edu)

and negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division. (nih.gov)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , meiotic DSBs preferentially occur at nucleosome-depleted regions in gene promoters (Ohta et al. (springer.com)

2007 However how replicative age affects the meiotic divisions has not been studied in detail in any organism. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

Here we show that human shugoshin 2 (SGO2), an essential protector of meiotic cohesin with unknown functions in the soma 6 , 7 , is turned into a separase inhibitor upon association with SAC-activated MAD2. (nature.com)

Knockdown experiments of FOXM1 and MYBL2 suggest that these factors regulate genes involved in controlling cell cycle progression and cell division. (prolekarniky.cz)

Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
The progression of cells through the cell cycle is regulated by a family of protein kinases known as the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (biomedcentral.com)

In Angiosperms meiotic cells originate from a handful of pluripotent somatic cells, derived from the L2 layer (L2-d) of a floral meristem. (biomedcentral.com)
L2-d cells that do not differentiate as archesporial cells form 3 somatic layers, each of a single cell type, that encircle the pre-meiotic population (Figure 1c ). (biomedcentral.com)

Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
A . Schematic of the bouquet configuration of chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. The spatial arrangement of chromosomes with telomeres clustered and attached at the inner nuclear membrane is shown. (biorxiv.org)

Thus, an understanding of how meiotic progression and gamete differentiation are coordinated during oogenesis is essential to studies in both reproductive biology and medicine. (nih.gov)

We also show that CXXC1 interacts with IHO1, an essential component of the meiotic double-strand break (DSB) machinery. (springer.com)

Mechanisms driving the prolonged meiotic prophase I in mammals are poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)

Mouse emi1 has an essential function in mitotic progression during early embryogenesis. (nih.gov)

2013 ). Interestingly, the molecular mechanisms underlying the patterning of meiotic DSBs are quite distinct in different species with apparently two major pathways. (springer.com)

During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)

The first of the three major projects involves understanding the function of the A and E-type cyclins during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles mainly during spermatogenesis but also in oogenesis. (columbia.edu)

Here we identify an essential role for YTHDC2 in meiotic progression. (bvsalud.org)

Meiotic DSBs are not randomly distributed within the genome but mostly occur at discrete regions, called hotspots (Baudat et al. (springer.com)
Indeed, in the absence of PRDM9, meiotic DSBs occur at transcription regulatory regions, such as promoters and enhancers (Brick et al. (springer.com)

Our analysis of anther transcriptome modulations by two distinct am1 alleles, am1-489 and am1-praI , redefines the role of AM1 as a modulator of expression of a subset of meiotic genes, important for meiotic progression and provided stage-specific insights into the genetic networks associated with meiotic entry and early prophase I progression. (biomedcentral.com)

We use the genetically tractable model organism Drosophila melanogaster to examine how meiotic progression is both coordinated with and instructed by the developmental and metabolic program of the egg. (nih.gov)

Mitotic cell division enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop from the one-celled zygote, which itself was produced by meiotic cell division from gametes. (mathisfunforum.com)

It then stops in early prophase. (wikipedia.org)

In budding yeast four different signals are necessary for cells to enter the meiotic program. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Finally cells should be respiration capable (Honigberg and Purnapatre 2003 The mating-type dietary and respiration indicators converge at Ime1 a transcription aspect governing entry in to the meiotic plan. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

Here, we show that truncation of the KRAB domain of mouse PRDM9 leads to loss of PRDM9 function and altered meiotic prophase and gametogenesis. (springer.com)

Surprisingly, the nup2Δ ndj1Δ double mutant failed to segregate chromosomes, even though the meiotic program continued. (biorxiv.org)

The process begins during embryonic development, and then arrests for a prolonged period of time in a prophase. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy28

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