Progression cyclin g. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cell-cycle events are controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), whose periodic activation is driven by cyclins. (nature.com)
Brown, N. R., Noble, M. E., Endicott, J. A. & Johnson, L. N. The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family of Ser/Thr protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
At the cellular level, the process is controlled by different levels of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and their partner cyclins. (wikipedia.org)
Increasing numbers of sequence and biochemical data show the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins in regulation of the cell cycle progression in higher plants. (bibbase.org)
The present yeast two-hybrid analyses showed differential interaction between defined D-type cyclins and Cdc2Ms kinases functioning in G2/M phases. (bibbase.org)
article{meszaros_multiple_2000, title = {Multiple cyclin-dependent kinase complexes and phosphatases control {G2}/{M} progression in alfalfa cells}, volume = {43}, issn = {1573-5028}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006412413671}, doi = {10/cb64mn}, abstract = {Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (rcsb.org)
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. (bdbiosciences.com)
Development of Highly Potent and Selective Diaminothiazole Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. (proteopedia.org)
Novel pathway inhibitors, such as the experimental compound PD0332991 targeting cyclin-dependent kinases, affect cell-cycle progression and hold great promise. (ascopost.com)
Cell cycle progression is largely controlled by the activity of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin binding partners. (lancs.ac.uk)
A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. (umassmed.edu)
Notch signaling mediates G1/S cell-cycle progression in T cells via cyclin D3 and its dependent kinases. (umassmed.edu)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. (kegg.jp)
Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. (bvsalud.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. (bvsalud.org)
As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)

The complexity represented by different types of CDKs and cyclins in a single species such as alfalfa, indicates that multicomponent regulatory pathways control G2/M transition. (bibbase.org)
The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
Cyclins (regulatory subunits) bind to cdks (catalytic subunits) to form complexes that regulate the progression of the cell cycle. (bdbiosciences.com)
The main cyclin-cdks complexes formed in vertebrate cells are cyclin D-cdk4 (G0/G1), cyclin E-cdk2 (G1/S), cyclin A-cdk2 (S) and cyclin B1-cdk1 (G2/M). These complexes are regulated by activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, as well as by interactions with small regulatory proteins including p21 and p27Kip1. (bdbiosciences.com)
CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. (kegg.jp)
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)

Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)
Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Notably, the studied models presented adaptation at different cell cycle nodes to facilitate progression through the cell cycle and responded differently to CDK inhibitors. (lu.se)

The precise regulation of the levels of cyclin proteins is fundamental to coordinate cell division with checkpoints, avoiding genome instability. (ox.ac.uk)
It is a catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase complex, whose activity is restricted to the G1-S phase of the cell cycle, where cells make proteins necessary for mitosis and replicate their DNA. (wikipedia.org)
The work supports the idea that cancer-causing proteins like cyclin D1 may drive cancer progression in part via miRNA biogenesis. (sciencedaily.com)
The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
In addition, Cyclin and CKI proteins are controlled at the level of their destruction. (intechopen.com)
e) The proteins expressions of PCNA, CDK4, cyclin p27 and D1 were dependant on european blot. (mingsheng88.org)

Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
Donaldson, A. D. The yeast mitotic cyclin Clb2 cannot substitute for S phase cyclins in replication origin firing. (nature.com)
Interaction between alfalfa mitotic cyclin (Medsa;CycB2;1) and a kinase partner has been reported previously. (bibbase.org)
Here, we study the relative contributions of qualitative and quantitative Cdk control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae All S phase and mitotic cyclins can be replaced by a single mitotic cyclin, albeit at the cost of reduced fitness. (crick.ac.uk)

Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
Miller, M. E. & Cross, F. R. Cyclin specificity: how many wheels do you need on a unicycle? (nature.com)
A- and B-type cyclins differentially modulate substrate specificity of cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
Our results suggest that budding yeast has become dependent on G1 cyclin specificity to couple cell cycle progression to essential morphogenetic events. (crick.ac.uk)
Tissue specificity of cyclin B expression in D. melanogaster]. (nih.gov)
A cyclin subtype that has specificity for CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2 . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
F-box protein specificity for g1 cyclins is dictated by subcellular localization. (umassmed.edu)

Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. (nature.com)
Cdk2 is capable of binding to many different cyclins, including cyclins A, B, E, and possibly C. Recent studies suggest Cdk2 binds preferentially to cyclins A and E, while Cdk1 prefers cyclins A and B. Cdk2 becomes active when a cyclin protein (either A or E) binds at the active site located between the N and C lobes of the kinase. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclin A degradation employs preferentially used lysines and a cyclin box function other than Cdk1 binding. (nih.gov)
Cyclin A is involved in both S-phase and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle through its association with cdk2 and cdk1, respectively. (bdbiosciences.com)
controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. (proteopedia.org)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, also known as cell division protein kinase 2, or Cdk2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
This protein associates with and is regulated by the regulatory subunits of the complex including cyclin E or A. Cyclin E binds G1 phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G1 to S phase while binding with Cyclin A is required to progress through the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the location of the active site, partner cyclins interact with both lobes of Cdk2. (wikipedia.org)
It is important to note that throughout this activation process, cyclins binding to Cdk2 do not undergo any conformational change. (wikipedia.org)
Prior to G1 phase, levels of Cdk4 and Cdk6 increase along with cyclin D. This allows for the partial phosphorylation of Rb, and partial activation of E2F at the beginning of G1 phase, which promotes cyclin E synthesis and increased Cdk2 activity. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. (proteopedia.org)
NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication. (proteopedia.org)
Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. (proteopedia.org)
Zhao J, Kennedy BK, Lawrence BD, Barbie DA, Matera AG, Fletcher JA, Harlow E. NPAT links cyclin E-Cdk2 to the regulation of replication-dependent histone gene transcription. (proteopedia.org)
Here using an in vitro cell-free DNA replication system we analyse the interplay between Ciz1 and cyclin A/CDK2 in regulation of the initiation phase of DNA replication. (lancs.ac.uk)
This demonstrates that Ciz1 modulates and enhances the activity of cyclin A-CDK2 in cell free DNA replication assays and that Ciz1 increases the permissive CDK range that can promote DNA replication. (lancs.ac.uk)

however, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cyclin F are poorly understood. (ox.ac.uk)
These results suggest that 3-NP induces aberrant cell cycle progression and neuronal cell death via p27 down-regulation by calpain in striatum but not in the cerebral cortex. (nih.gov)
The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum inhibits cell growth and disruption of cell cycle progression via down regulation of cyclin D1. (greenmedinfo.com)
Our results suggest that anthracycline-induced cytotoxicity is cell cycle dependent and is mediated, at least in part, by disturbance of the regulation of p34cdc2/cyclin B1 complex, thus leading to G2/M phase arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
Endogenous regulation of the cell cycle depends on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the cyclin- cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) pathway. (jcancer.org)
Pope PA, Bhaduri S, Pryciak PM. Regulation of cyclin-substrate docking by a G1 arrest signaling pathway and the Cdk inhibitor Far1. (umassmed.edu)
Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)

The more aggressive basal-like subtype of breast cancers, however, exhibited lower levels of cyclin D1 and Dicer, which would in turn globally reduce the level of mature miRNA. (sciencedaily.com)

Statins may inhibit tumor progression via an EZH2-mediated epigenetic alteration, which results in survival benefits after resected CRC. (nih.gov)
Using antisense RNA, Dr. Pestell's group was the first to show that cyclin D1 drives mammary tumor growth in vivo. (sciencedaily.com)
These results demonstrate that ChoK plays an essential role in both normal human mammary epithelial cell proliferation and breast tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
Specific substrates for cdk-cyclin complexes include nuclear lamins, histones, oncogenes (e.g., c-abl and SV40 large T-Ag), tumor suppressor genes (e.g., retinoblastoma protein, Rb), nucleolin and others. (bdbiosciences.com)
Mammary-specific expression of CCN5 in HER2 overexpressing mice delays tumor progression significantly and reduces the tumor burden. (ku.edu)
In recent decades, it has been confirmed that tumor progression of GC is a multi-step process that involves the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes at different stages ( 7 , 8 ). (jcancer.org)
Comparison of pre- and post-treatment paired tumor biopsies from patients treated with fulvestrant revealed an upregulation of cyclin E2 upon development of resistance. (lu.se)

In addition to its role in regulating the cell cycle, cyclin D1 induces Dicer and thereby promotes the maturation of miRNA," says lead researcher Richard Pestell, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University and Chair of the Department of Cancer Biology. (sciencedaily.com)
The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)

This event is required to promote mitotic progression and favors the activation of a transcriptional program required for mitosis. (ox.ac.uk)
SIP1 represses cyclin D1 transcriptional activity via direct interaction with Z-boxes 1-3 in the cyclin D1 promoter. (wikiversity.org)
This leads to stabilization and nuclear localization of FOXO3A resulting in transcriptional activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P27KIP1. (ku.edu)
A subset of cyclins may also function as transcriptional regulators. (umassmed.edu)

103. Relapsed or refractory disease, as defined by the following: - Disease progression after last regimen, or - Failure to achieve a PR or CR to the last regimen 104. (who.int)

Orderly progressions of events in the cell division cycle are necessary to ensure the replication of DNA and cell division. (ox.ac.uk)
Cells utilize various checkpoints as a means of delaying cell cycle progression until it can repair defects. (wikipedia.org)
Two models have been put forward for cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) control of the cell cycle. (crick.ac.uk)
In the qualitative model, cell cycle events are ordered by distinct substrate specificities of successive cyclin waves. (crick.ac.uk)
A single cyclin can also replace all G1 cyclins to support ordered cell cycle progression, fulfilling key predictions of the quantitative model. (crick.ac.uk)
It plays a role in progression of the CELL CYCLE through G1/S and G2/ M phase transitions. (online-medical-dictionary.org)
Here we analyzed the involvement of aberrant cell cycle progression in 3-NP-induced cell death in these brain regions. (nih.gov)
3-NP also induced phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, a marker of cell cycle progression at late G(1) phase, only in striatum. (nih.gov)
Pharmacological experiments revealed that cyclin-dependent kinase activity and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor were cooperatively involved in cell death by 3-NP in striatal neurons, whereas only NMDA receptor was involved in 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in cortical neurons. (nih.gov)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
In addition, cell cycle distribution analysis revealed that G0/G1 phase arrest was induced following pristimerin treatment in CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, which was strongly associated with upregulation of p21 and p27, coupled with downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Meanwhile, pristimerin induced significant apoptosis of CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, alongside decreased levels of caspase‑3 and specific cleavage of poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase. (spandidos-publications.com)
A multitude of pathways control cyclin-dependent kinase activities as the major event for cell cycle progression. (benthamscience.com)
It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)
Cell cycle-dependent cytotoxicity, G2/M phase arrest, and disruption of p34cdc2/cyclin B1 activity induced by doxorubicin in synchronized P388 cells. (aspetjournals.org)
We studied the effect of doxorubicin (Dox) on cell cycle progression and its correlation with DNA damage and cytotoxicity in p53-mutant P388 cells. (aspetjournals.org)
In untreated control P388 cells, p34cdc2 kinase localizes in the nucleus and cytoplasms, particularly in the centrosomes, and p34cdc2 kinase activity is dependent on cell cycle progression, with the enzyme activity increasing steadily from G1/S to G2/M and markedly declining thereafter. (aspetjournals.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 10, is reported to play an essential role in the progression from the G2 to M phase of the cell cycle. (jcancer.org)
Deregulation of cell cycle progression is considered to be critical for carcinogenesis ( 9 ). (jcancer.org)
Bhaduri S, Valk E, Winters MJ, Gruessner B, Loog M, Pryciak PM. A docking interface in the cyclin Cln2 promotes multi-site phosphorylation of substrates and timely cell-cycle entry. (umassmed.edu)
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. (kegg.jp)
By blocking cell cycle progression, p27 prevents cells from dividing too quickly or at the wrong time. (medlineplus.gov)
For example, when p27 is held (sequestered) in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus (the cytoplasm) instead of being transported into the nucleus, the protein is unavailable to block cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
Immunohistochemical identification of molecular genetic events in the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell squamous-cell carcinoma enables early detection of lesions with the potential for malignant progression, thus permitting timely intervention 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
The Potential for Selective Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibition in the Therapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (cdc.gov)

The molecular consequence of translocation is overexpression of the protein cyclin D1 (coded by the PRAD1 gene located close to the breakpoint). (medscape.com)
Cyclin E2 overexpression was identified as a biomarker of a persistent fulvestrant-resistant phenotype. (lu.se)
Moreover, overexpression of this cyclin was found to be a prognostic factor determining resistance to fulvestrant and shorter progression-free survival. (lu.se)
101. Pathologically confirmed MCL, with documentation of either overexpression of cyclin D1 or presence of t(11;14) 102. (who.int)

Dr. Pestell and colleagues developed transgenic mice that could induce cyclin D1 expression in the breast and examined cells with cyclin D1 gene deleted. (sciencedaily.com)
Because the cyclin D1 gene has been implicated in a variety of other human cancers these findings may have broad implications for processing of non coding RNA in human tumorigenesis. (sciencedaily.com)

However, single-cyclin cells fail to polarize or grow buds and thus cannot survive. (crick.ac.uk)
The researchers noticed that cells lacking cyclin D1 produced less of the miRNA-processing protein, Dicer, and therefore had reduced levels of mature miRNA. (sciencedaily.com)
The group also examined cells lacking Dicer, and noted many similarities between Dicer-lacking and cyclin D1-lacking cells, in addition to failure of miRNA processing, suggesting a deeper connection between these two processes. (sciencedaily.com)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)

β-TrCP- and Casein Kinase II-Mediated Degradation of Cyclin F Controls Timely Mitotic Progression. (ox.ac.uk)
The degradation of cyclin F mediated by β-TrCP occurs at the G2/M transition. (ox.ac.uk)
In contrast, Dox treatment was found to induced cyclin B1 accumulation as a result of stimulating its synthesis and inhibiting its degradation. (aspetjournals.org)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2AP1) interacts with CDK2AP2, modulates the actions of transforming growth factor-B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and retinoblastoma protein, and closely interacts with micro-RNA21 and micro-RNA25. (cancerindex.org)

They found that patients with the luminal A subtype of breast cancer had increased levels of expression of both cyclin D1 and Dicer. (sciencedaily.com)

Schulman, B. A., Lindstrom, D. L. & Harlow, E. Substrate recruitment to cyclin-dependent kinase 2 by a multipurpose docking site on cyclin A. (nature.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 is structured in two lobes. (wikipedia.org)
Enables cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity. (nih.gov)
3-NP reduced the level of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 in striatum but not in cerebral cortex. (nih.gov)

By linking the decrease in miRNA levels to Dicer, we show that a global decrease in miRNA processing may be important in the initiation and progression of certain cancers," says first author, Zuoren Yu, Ph.D., who holds a joint appointment at Jefferson's Kimmel Cancer Center and Tongji University School of Medicine in Shanghai, China. (sciencedaily.com)

Orthologous to several human genes including CCNB1 (cyclin B1). (nih.gov)

In prior work, they showed that cyclin D1 regulates the non coding genome, and that the non-coding genome, in turn, regulates expression of cyclin D1. (sciencedaily.com)
Furthermore, the group showed that many cancer patients encode a form of cyclin D1 that evades negative feedback from the non coding genome. (sciencedaily.com)

Oocyte maturation involves the release of the primary meiotic arrest at prophase I and progression of the oocyte nucleus into meiotic divisions to produce a mature oocyte (egg) capable of being fertilized ( Von Stetina and Orr-Weaver, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)

Bandyopadhyay S, Bhaduri S, ?rd M, Davey NE, Loog M, Pryciak PM. Comprehensive Analysis of G1 Cyclin Docking Motif Sequences that Control CDK Regulatory Potency In?Vivo. (umassmed.edu)

Faha B, Ewen ME, Tsai LH, Livingston DM, Harlow E. Interaction between human cyclin A and adenovirus E1A-associated p107 protein. (bdbiosciences.com)

We then studied the effect of Dox on the p34cdc2/cyclin B1 complex because it plays a key role in regulating G2/M phase transition. (aspetjournals.org)

Cyclin A may also form a complex with the adenovirus oncoprotein E1A which has DNA binding activity. (bdbiosciences.com)

In vivo SIP1, or Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2), binds "to potential SIP1-binding sites (Z-boxes) located in the vicinity of the cyclin D1 transcription start site. (wikiversity.org)

Cyclin B Export to the Cytoplasm via the Nup62 Subcomplex and Subsequent Rapid Nuclear Import Are Required for the Initiation of Drosophila Male Meiosis. (nih.gov)

p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were not significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, time to progression, or overall survival in the whole patient population or in the docetaxel group. (lu.se)

Despite improvements in survival through early detection and treatment, rapid disease recurrence and progression still plague some patients [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms2

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Kinases19

CDKs6

Inhibitors4

Proteins6

Mitotic cyclin4

Specificity7

Cdk15

Cdk212

Regulation7

Levels of cyclin1

Tumor7

Induces2

Transcriptional4

Disease Progression1

Cell26

Overexpression4

Gene2

Cells4

Degradation3

Retinoblastoma1

Subtype1

Dependent4

Cancers1

Genes1

Genome2

Meiotic1

Regulatory1

Interaction1

Phase1

Activity1

Transcription1

Initiation1

Chemotherapy1

Survival1