• One expected benefit as health insurance penetration rises in India is the ability of insurance payers to better negotiate prices for procedures and services with providers. (eurasiareview.com)
  • 1bios (Truckee, Calif.). 1bios is a digital health platform designed to help payers and providers monitor and support covered populations as well as reward those with the best health. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • These solutions leverage leading-edge technologies - predictive modeling, natural language processing and data mining - to help payers, providers and government agencies measure and manage healthcare performance. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • With the guidance of the NCQA, many major payers utilize these HEDIS measurement standards to determine thresholds for potential monetary incentives. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • It is prudent to note that not all payers participate in quality programs, however, for those that do their incentive structure is not risk, but rather reward-based. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • That shift means that instead of receiving reimbursement from payers for each service provided, healthcare providers receive payment based on performance measures, including shorter hospital stays, fewer readmissions and fewer emergency room visits. (phreesia.com)
  • The program began in October 2012 and is intended to financially incentivize hospital performance improvement by reducing Medicare's diagnosis-related group (DRG) payments for all hospitals, then redistributing the savings according to hospital performance. (heritage.org)
  • The quality measures that are used to rank hospitals are drawn from Medicare's pay-for-reporting program, which went into effect in 2004 and serves as the precursor to value-based purchasing. (heritage.org)
  • The program is rife with incentives for hospitals to focus on improving their performance scores without actually improving the quality of patient care, and its narrow focus will lead hospitals to direct resources to narrow areas of care, reducing the level of improvement in other areas of need. (heritage.org)
  • For example, hospitals and health systems already participate in mandatory Medicare value-based models such as the Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) Program, the Hospital-Acquired Condition (HAC) Reduction Program, and the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP). (hfma.org)
  • a To be prepared for the impact of value-based payment, it is essential that hospitals create forward-thinking financial models to predict how much they may gain or lose from related incentives, penalties, volume changes, and other factors. (hfma.org)
  • Because value-based payment arrangements vary widely, there is no one-size-fits-all financial model for hospitals or hospital-sponsored ACOs and CINs. (hfma.org)
  • A pay-for-performance model-in which bonuses or penalties tied to process adherence, quality scores, or patient satisfaction scores are added to FFS payments-will look different from a shared savings model, in which a share of the difference between actual and budgeted medical expenses is distributed to participating hospitals, physicians, and other providers in an ACO or CIN. (hfma.org)
  • Hospitals and health systems across the country are developing and implementing population health initiatives aimed at providing better patient care, wellness and prevention. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • Providers are incentivized for keeping patients out of hospitals (i.e., performance is measured against hospital utilization). (elationhealth.com)
  • What we often label as our "health care system" is really a massive labyrinth of economic activity with a few big players but mostly a vast array of suppliers (doctors and hospitals), financial entities (governments, health care companies, and private insurers), and consumers (a population of nearly 300 million). (concordcoalition.org)
  • As margins shrink and budgets tighten in reaction to healthcare reform and the development of value-based reimbursement models, hospitals and health systems need to trim as much expense as possible from the supply chain in order to remain financially viable. (healthleadersmedia.com)
  • The Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) was designed to improve healthcare quality and lower costs by engaging medical practices, hospitals and other stakeholders to work together toward shared goals. (phreesia.com)
  • In such programs, reimbursement reflects provider performance on quality metrics based on adherence to certain care processes, scores on patient satisfaction surveys, or patient outcomes. (heritage.org)
  • Over the past several years, healthcare payer's transition of incorporating traditional fee-for-service care with value-based initiatives has resulted in the introduction of an array of quality data metrics and financial incentive programs. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • However, the majority of payer programs have thus far have adopted a similar grouping of key metrics pulling from several of the 90-plus Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set, or HEDIS indicators. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • We believe it also provides a sort of foreshadowing of a payer system that continues to press forward with performance associated care metrics, rather than conventional fee-for-service reimbursements. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • The MSSP is open to qualifying Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs), which are groups of healthcare stakeholders that have reimbursement tied to quality and cost metrics. (phreesia.com)
  • Value-based payment models, in which providers are compensated on outcomes rather than activity, are designed to transform how providers deliver care and manage their patient populations through incentive alignment. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Medicaid aims to ensure that vulnerable populations, including low-income adults, children, pregnant women, elderly individuals, and people with disabilities, have access to necessary healthcare services. (jittery.com)
  • This funding arrangement allows states to tailor their Medicaid programs to meet the specific needs of their populations. (jittery.com)
  • The original purpose of Medicaid was to address the significant gaps in healthcare coverage for vulnerable populations, particularly those living in poverty. (jittery.com)
  • Apixio (San Mateo, Calif.). Apixio is a data science company focused on healthcare whose artificial intelligence-driven software solutions enable health plans and providers to pull novel insights from both medical text and codes in order to improve healthcare delivery to their populations. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • The financial impact of participating in these various models can be in the millions of dollars for these organizations and the provider organizations they may sponsor, such as accountable care organizations (ACOs) and clinically integrated networks (CINs). (hfma.org)
  • Since the employer's population is served by various providers and/or Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs), calculating a counterfactual is complicated and requires numerous assumptions. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Under the MSSP, participating ACOs receive incentive payments for meeting certain benchmarks each year. (phreesia.com)
  • The MSSP encourages physicians, medical groups and other providers to join forces to form ACOs. (phreesia.com)
  • To encourage more ACOs to participate in Pathways to Success, CMS condensed the available risk paths into the BASIC and ENHANCED program tracks. (phreesia.com)
  • ACOs receive incentive payments when they exceed quality thresholds and spending falls below a minimum savings rate. (phreesia.com)
  • ACP advocacy and policy development, along with other allied organizations, works to improve your practice environment and help you provide high quality care. (acponline.org)
  • While embracing your patients and utilizing technology are important components of running a practice, financial stability cannot be ignored. (elationhealth.com)
  • When done right, it can be a great way to improve the financial performance of your practice. (elationhealth.com)
  • If a practice invests in technology that is built around making reporting and participation easy, physicians can save time and painlessly receive the financial incentives from these programs. (elationhealth.com)
  • If a provider or practice can satisfy these requirements, they may be eligible for these modest periodic quarterly or annual incentive payments. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • We have found great value in establishing focused bi-weekly or monthly meetings with payer program representatives, who can help narrow specific opportunities for a specific practice. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • On November 6, 2023, the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Health & Human Services (the "OIG") released brand new, updated General Compliance Program Guidance ("GCPG") intended as a reference guide for anyone and everyone in the healthcare field, to promote voluntary compliance efforts in preventing fraud, waste, and abuse. (hooperlundy.com)
  • The GCPG is intended to provide general compliance guidance useful for everyone in healthcare. (hooperlundy.com)
  • The GCPG (and the industry-specific guidance) are not designed to serve as a "model" compliance program, nor are they meant to be "completely comprehensive, or all-inclusive" of every compliance consideration of potential significance. (hooperlundy.com)
  • Instead, they are meant to be useful resources, with many practical tips and suggestions for individuals and organizations to use as they see fit in developing their own compliance programs, policies and procedures, as well as hyperlinks to other relevant OIG guidance, statutes and regulations. (hooperlundy.com)
  • The Executive Board is invited to consider the draft road map for access to medicines, vaccines and other health products, 2019-2023, as contained in the Annex, and to provide further guidance as appropriate. (who.int)
  • These opportunities are diverse and include leveraging the original promise of EHR functionality, to promoting a greater focus on patient adherence, and finally the possibility of modest financial incentives. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) defines value-based care as those programs that "reward health care providers with incentive payments for the quality of care they give to people with Medicare. (elationhealth.com)
  • The overall goal of the revised program, called Pathways to Success, is to reward providers willing to take on more risk by giving them more flexibility in delivering high-quality care. (phreesia.com)
  • CMS finalized the rule authorizing the updated program on December 21, 2018. (phreesia.com)
  • July-September 2018, during which 62 countries provided feedback. (who.int)
  • Two significant employer-sponsored health-care insurance schemes in India, according to the World Bank , are the Employees' State Insurance Corporation launched in 1948, providing access to more than 55 million beneficiaries, and the Central Government Health Scheme launched in 1954, providing access to over 3 million beneficiaries. (eurasiareview.com)
  • By holding healthcare organizations accountable through the program, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) hopes to improve care for its 44 million beneficiaries. (phreesia.com)
  • CMS also reported that expenses for Medicare beneficiaries in the program were lower over the program's first two years compared to fee-for-service beneficiaries. (phreesia.com)
  • Most of those measures focus on providing better care for beneficiaries, improving population health and curbing the rise of healthcare costs. (phreesia.com)
  • In October 2016, 3M and Verily (formerly Google Life Sciences), an Alphabet company, entered a strategic partnership to develop new population health technology for managing clinical and financial performance. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • CMS ended the program in 2016. (phreesia.com)
  • A forward-thinking financial model can help hospital leaders better predict and balance potential gains and losses from incentives, penalties, volume changes, and other factors related to value-based payment. (hfma.org)
  • The amendments also created a new Federal supplemental security income program, effective January 1974, for the needy aged, blind, and disabled. (ssa.gov)
  • Many independent primary care physicians have turned to alternative payment models to provide the funds they need to keep things running smoothly. (elationhealth.com)
  • Both features, along with 24/7 support to answer any MACRA-related question, enable and empower independent physicians to take advantage of MACRA while providing phenomenal care. (elationhealth.com)
  • Moreover, the emergence of the two programs increased the amount of health care paid for by third parties. (concordcoalition.org)
  • The emergence of payer quality incentive programs creates a multitude of opportunities for independent and integrated medical practices. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • Meanwhile, elective value-based payment models include the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) and any number of commercial, Medicare Advantage (MA), and Medicaid managed care arrangements. (hfma.org)
  • A series of proposals at the federal level have focused on Medicaid, the healthcare coverage program for low-income people that goes by the name "Medi-Cal" in California. (bayareaeconomy.org)
  • It also advances a series of policy recommendations aimed at increasing both the quality of the care Medicaid finances, as well as the fiscal sustainability of the program. (bayareaeconomy.org)
  • Federal and state spending on Medi-Cal has spiked, especially since the passage of the Affordable Care Act, due in large part to the ACA's expansion of eligibility for the Medicaid program. (bayareaeconomy.org)
  • 4 Medicaid spending is not rising in isolation, of course, and is linked to broader upward trends in healthcare prices that are straining the budgets of businesses and families as well as of governments. (bayareaeconomy.org)
  • What is Medicaid and how does it differ from other healthcare programs? (jittery.com)
  • Medicaid is a government-funded healthcare program in the United States that provides medical assistance to low-income individuals and families. (jittery.com)
  • One of the key differences between Medicaid and other healthcare programs is its eligibility criteria. (jittery.com)
  • The federal government sets minimum requirements for Medicaid coverage and provides matching funds to states based on a formula known as the Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP). (jittery.com)
  • Private insurance plans are typically purchased by individuals or provided by employers, whereas Medicaid is a public program that serves as a safety net for those who cannot afford private coverage. (jittery.com)
  • Private insurance plans often have more extensive provider networks and offer a wider range of services, while Medicaid programs may have more limited networks and benefits due to budget constraints. (jittery.com)
  • Furthermore, Medicaid plays a crucial role in providing long-term care services, such as nursing home care and home health services, which are not typically covered by other healthcare programs. (jittery.com)
  • Understanding these distinctions is essential for comprehending the unique role that Medicaid plays in the U.S. healthcare system. (jittery.com)
  • Medicaid, a vital component of the United States healthcare system, was established in 1965 as part of the Social Security Amendments under President Lyndon B. Johnson's administration. (jittery.com)
  • Medicaid sought to rectify this by providing comprehensive health coverage to eligible individuals, including children, pregnant women, parents, elderly adults, and individuals with disabilities. (jittery.com)
  • Medicaid operates as a joint federal-state program, with the federal government setting certain guidelines and providing financial support to states that choose to participate. (jittery.com)
  • Since its creation over four decades ago, Medicare, and Medicaid, its companion program for the poor, have greatly increased demand for medical care by making it more broadly available. (concordcoalition.org)
  • Third-party payments, whether through government entitlement programs such as Medicare and Medicaid or private insurance plans, tend obscure costs and make patients and providers less cost conscious than they might otherwise be if those seeking treatment had to pay for services directly "out-of-pocket. (concordcoalition.org)
  • The firm offers a population health services solution designed to help healthcare organizations transition to value-based care and deliver population health. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • Advisory Board provides customized support for care transformation strategy and execution in addition to a consultation team and the Crimson applications technology to help organizations build a transformational population health program. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • Having already picked most of the low-hanging fruit, provider organizations are looking for-and finding-new ways to spend less on materials. (healthleadersmedia.com)
  • The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 creates several new Medicare programs intended to improve health care quality, using "pay-for-performance" payment strategies to put financial pressure on medical providers. (heritage.org)
  • Members of Congress, who enacted these measures, should rethink this strategy and the role of the federal government in guiding health policy, with a view to realigning incentives in order to secure higher quality and better value. (heritage.org)
  • It is grounded in the notion that providers should compete against each other based on quality and the overall value of their services, and that payment for health care services should reflect value, not volume. (heritage.org)
  • It will , however, introduce perverse new incentives into the delivery of health care that direct resources away from real improvement and even harm quality. (heritage.org)
  • Dr. Weinberg's own research and advocacy focuses on improving these "social determinants" of health as well as on expanding access to high quality, afford-able healthcare. (bayareaeconomy.org)
  • One ambitious goal is to achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection and access to quality essential health-care services for all. (eurasiareview.com)
  • By doing so, it aimed to alleviate the financial burden associated with healthcare expenses and promote equitable access to quality care. (jittery.com)
  • CMS began emphasizing value-based, quality health care over the quantity of provider visits in 2008. (elationhealth.com)
  • Value-based care provides payment bonuses to doctors who provide high-quality care for Medicare patients. (elationhealth.com)
  • The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) repeals the Medicare Sustainable Growth Rate and replaces it with a new program known as the Quality Payment Program (QPP). (elationhealth.com)
  • The right technology solutions, like Elation, enable practices to achieve success with quality programs like MACRA by committing to the health IT requirements needed to support practices. (elationhealth.com)
  • Ergo, it is prudent to note that national dialogue suggests a future trend where payer reimbursements may be reduced, and therefore punitive for not achieving quality targets. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • The MSSP is a type of Alternative Payment Model (APM) under CMS' Quality Payment Program. (phreesia.com)
  • Financial toxicity was associated with poor quality of life, accumulation of debts, premature entry into the labour market, and non-compliance with therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Access is a global concern, given the high prices of new pharmaceuticals and rapidly changing markets for health products that place increasing pressure on all health systems' ability to provide full and affordable access to quality health care. (who.int)
  • At the same time, Elation provides clinical decision support and reminders at the point of care. (elationhealth.com)
  • We do look at outcomes and length of stay and all of these clinical aspects, which are central to our analysis along with the financial piece. (healthleadersmedia.com)
  • The rationale behind pay for performance is the result of a real problem: Payment for medical services, particularly by the large government health programs, does not reflect value or benefit for patients. (heritage.org)
  • In California alone, the total program costs, combining state and federal funds, are over $90 billion, dwarfing by orders of magnitude-and hence potentially -crowding out-spending on other services such as higher education and public transportation that also benefit low-income residents. (bayareaeconomy.org)
  • These private facilities, having complete control over pricing their services, have little incentive to implement cost-effective strategies. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Its key differences from other healthcare programs include its eligibility criteria, funding structure, coverage variations across states, and its focus on long-term care services. (jittery.com)
  • Prior to Medicaid's establishment, access to healthcare services was limited for low-income individuals, leading to inadequate medical care and financial burdens. (jittery.com)
  • 3M (St. Paul, Minn.). To support population health management, 3M offers multiple data tools and services, such as risk adjustment, health risk assessment, medical records coding and auditing, care management analytics, provider profiling, and value-based payment design. (beckershospitalreview.com)
  • With the federal government's Medicare program being the nation's largest financier of health care-paying for an estimated 20 percent of the medical services the public consumes-any comprehensive effort to slow the growing costs of health care would be incomplete without an examination of how Medicare can contribute. (concordcoalition.org)
  • Indeed, the FCA now covers conduct in almost every industry in which the government provides funding, often disrupting and threatening businesses in health care, education, defense contracting, financial services, and the like. (gibsondunn.com)
  • What is the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP)? (phreesia.com)
  • The Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) wants everyone to benefit from lower healthcare costs. (phreesia.com)
  • CMS launched the MSSP in 2012 as part of an effort to move the U.S. healthcare system from a fee-for-service model to value-based care. (phreesia.com)
  • That positive data encouraged CMS to move forward with similar programs, including the MSSP. (phreesia.com)
  • In this study, we systematically reviewed the prevalence, determinants, and consequences of financial toxicity among patients with cancer in India. (bvsalud.org)
  • The simple answer is that the geographic dispersion of employees covered in employer-sponsored plans inherently presents difficulties that make the alignment of incentives more challenging than for insurance plans with locally concentrated risk pools, such as traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage. (medpagetoday.com)
  • It also encourages provider participation by assuring providers that their future revenue will not differ wildly from their previous revenues. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Although financial toxicity is widely acknowledged to be a potential consequence of costly cancer treatment, little is known about its prevalence and outcome among the Indian population. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nursing homes may differ in the types of care that they provide. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Unable to afford the excessive out-of-pocket burden, 35 percent of urban households and 43 percent of rural households could not access health care - the limited access and financial protection benefits lead to financial strain. (eurasiareview.com)
  • With the rise in noncommunicable diseases - many of which are chronic conditions that require long-term treatment - the financial burden on both governments and patients will become even greater. (who.int)
  • As applied to the healthcare payment system, in order to generate system-wide care transformation providers will need a majority of their patients in value-based payment models. (medpagetoday.com)
  • However, when a provider successfully reduces expenditures and that in turn reduces the future year's target, this arrangement quickly becomes unsustainable. (medpagetoday.com)
  • India and China have adopted insurance as a tool to provide health-care access and mitigate catastrophic expenditures. (eurasiareview.com)
  • 1. The In-Patient Value-Based Purchasing Program. (heritage.org)
  • PCF will offer providers a simple "flat stream of revenue" for each patient. (elationhealth.com)
  • Primary Care First provides a "flat stream of revenue" for each patient and gives doctors bonuses if they keep patients out of the hospital. (elationhealth.com)
  • Even when there are good reasons for suspecting factitious disorder, ordinary care must be provided until the patient is fully diagnosed. (medscape.com)
  • The program was enacted alongside Medicare, which aimed to provide healthcare coverage for elderly individuals. (jittery.com)
  • The organization's board and senior leadership must be committed to compliance, and there should be a compliance officer with the appropriate level of authority to adequately oversee the organization's compliance program and efforts, alongside the assistance of a compliance committee. (hooperlundy.com)
  • The Medicare program can be considered the early adopter of value-based payment models -- both traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage had greater value-based payment model penetration than other market segments. (medpagetoday.com)
  • The seven considerations below provide healthcare finance leaders with a guide to determining whether their hospital's financial model includes the key attributes and requirements to successfully manage a shift toward value-based payment. (hfma.org)
  • The financial challenges faced by healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the revenue risk exposure imposed by the traditional fee-for-service (FFS) payment model and the benefits of participating in value-based payment models. (medpagetoday.com)
  • While many insurance carriers claim they have moved their commercial payment contracts past a certain critical threshold to value-based payment models, these payment models, in large part, still provide strong financial incentives for providers to increase service volumes rather than enhance value. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Value-based payment models rely on setting a target for the total cost of care to hold providers accountable for delivering value. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Beginning on January 1, 2017, qualified providers now participate in one of two tracks: either Advanced Alternative Payment Models (Advanced APMs) or the Merit-Based Incentive Payment Program System (MIPS). (elationhealth.com)
  • Since its policymaking is concentrated within the federal government, Medicare provides an opportunity for Congress and the President to change its payment practices and apply them in a way that might be replicated by private insurers. (concordcoalition.org)
  • With much of Medicare's growth in the next two decades coming from the aging of society, the program will drive the demand side of the health care equation whatever its system of payment. (concordcoalition.org)
  • As such, key features of the program may need to be re-examined independently of efforts to slow growing health care costs through payment practices. (concordcoalition.org)
  • Lending to these increased recoveries has been courts' expansion of the scope of the FCA, making virtually any violation of any rule or regulation that is a condition of government payment in any government program potentially actionable under the statute. (gibsondunn.com)
  • 4. Is misleading, or is a misrepresentation, as to the financial condition of any person or as to the legal reserve system upon which any life insurer operates. (flsenate.gov)
  • Unlike India, China's main obstacle to achieving universal coverage is not insurance penetration, but rather the extent of financial protection within the existing insurance schemes. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Our findings emphasise the need for urgent strategies to mitigate financial toxicity among patients with cancer in India, especially in the most deprived sections of society. (bvsalud.org)
  • It's one of the largest national programs to follow a value-based care model, according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities . (phreesia.com)
  • PRESIDENT NIXON'S SIGNATURE on H.R. 1, the Social Security Amendments of 1972, brought to a close 3 years of consideration of and deliberations on proposals to improve the social security program. (ssa.gov)
  • Changes in the Medicare program to improve its operating effectiveness. (ssa.gov)
  • Furthermore, after years of being told that they should pay more to save more (e.g., workplace wellness programs ), many employers are likely to be skeptical of paying for anything that relies on a complex set of assumptions made by health insurance carriers with potential conflicts of interest. (medpagetoday.com)
  • The SGR was a flawed formula put in place to attempt to control costs by tying Medicare payments to growth in the overall economy, without regard for the cost of providing care. (acponline.org)
  • We advocated for a long-term fix that would move physician payments away from incentivizing volume of care toward payments that would focus on the value of care provided. (acponline.org)
  • Since then, programs like MACRA and CPC+ have set forth reporting requirements and reimbursement payments. (elationhealth.com)
  • The Medicare pay-for-performance programs enacted in the PPACA pay individual providers based on their past performance. (heritage.org)
  • This information is designed to compare payer plans to one another and in the more recent years, has been used as a tool by providers to track performance improvement from year to year. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • Additionally, each organization should have written compliance policies and procedures, that at the very least encompass (1) the implementation and operation of the entity's compliance program and (2) processes to reduce risks caused by noncompliance with Federal and State laws. (hooperlundy.com)
  • Jeff Baiocco, chief financial officer at Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center, a 312-staffed-bed institution in Idaho Falls that is part of Hospital Corporation of America, says that, like most providers, his organization has already utilized its GPO to find the easy cost cuts. (healthleadersmedia.com)
  • 1972 was a pivotal year for the Social Security program. (ssa.gov)
  • Administered by the Social Security Administration but financed out of general revenues of the Federal Government, this program will replace the present Federal-State programs of old-age assistance, aid to the blind, and aid to the permanently and totally disabled. (ssa.gov)
  • And perhaps most troubling for some, an adverse verdict may also result in suspension or debarment from government programs. (gibsondunn.com)
  • Navigate your financial future with ACP's tools and resources to help you plan and make wise financial decisions. (acponline.org)
  • It is now above 2% and is expected to continue to rise further, contributing to the nation's unsustainable budget deficits, which are almost entirely a factor of increasing costs for healthcare entitlements. (bayareaeconomy.org)
  • We were being squeezed by declining reimbursements, and there was an initiative to cut costs," Cashton says. (healthleadersmedia.com)
  • The determinants of financial toxicity include household income, type of health-care facility used, stage of disease, area of residence, age at the time of diagnosis, recurrent cancer, educational status, insurance coverage, and treatment modality. (bvsalud.org)