• There was no significant difference in mean plasma oxytocin or progesterone concentrations between treatment groups. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of flunixin meglumine (FM), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug on progtaglandin F2alpha (PGF) secretion, by characterizing plasma prostaglandin metabolites (PGFM), and luteal function by characterizing plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations in lactating Holstein dairy cows during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. (tamu.edu)
  • The level of nutrition and peripheral progesterone concentrations are inversely related, and increased rates of embryo loss, associated with higher progesterone concentrations in ewes with low levels of nutrition have been reported. (edpsciences.org)
  • Median progesterone concentrations for the treated group were 6.9 and 7.0 ng/ml for the control. (equine-reproduction.com)
  • During normal lactogenesis, progesterone concentrations in plasma begin to decrease approximately one week before parturition, and estrogen concentrations, already elevated during pregnancy, start to increase dramatically during the final weeks before calving. (ijlr.org)
  • The plasma concentration of LH was measured in ten bitches by a new sandwich immunoenzymatic assay (Reprokit, Sanofi) and results were compared with the vaginal smears and plasma concentrations of progesterone. (repropharmvet.com)
  • In Expt 2, ewes were injected s.c. each day with vehicle or 175 mg RU486 on days 2-5 of the oestrous cycle followed by administration of prostaglandin F(2alpha) on day 6. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Effect of flunixin meglumine on prostaglandin metabolites and progesterone in lactating dairy cows. (tamu.edu)
  • LPA also increases progesterone (P4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion and elevation in PGE2/PGF2α ratio. (ijcmas.com)
  • The corpus luteum is colored as a result of concentrating carotenoids (including lutein) from the diet and secretes a moderate amount of estrogen that inhibits further release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thus secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cetrorelix (GnRH antagonist) inhibited the preovulatory LH surge induced by OIF in llamas suggesting that LH secretion is modulated by a direct or indirect effect of OIF on GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammals, ovulation implies pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the medio-basal nuclei of the hypothalamus into the hypophyseal portal system, followed by the release of LH from the anterior pituitary into systemic circulation [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The GnRH secreted from the hypothalamus activates specific receptors on the pituitary gland to stimulate the synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH from gonadotropic cells of the pituitary gland. (scielo.br)
  • FSH and LH enter peripheral blood circulation to ultimately promote the secretion of sex hormones, and the sex hormones exert feedback inhibition to affect the synthesis of GnRH, FSH, and LH. (scielo.br)
  • Aside from the hormone GnRH, FSH and LH, estrogens and progesterone are released from the developing follicles, which are structures on the ovaries that contain the maturing eggs. (jackwestin.com)
  • This review aims to highlight the role of estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, somatotropin and thyroproteins in lactogenesis. (ijlr.org)
  • Studies have been conducted to develop reliable cost efficient protocol like estrogen/progesterone protocol to artificially induce lactation in non breeder cows. (ijlr.org)
  • Studies examining the role of estrogens in stimulating mammogenesis in dairy cows showed that estrogen stimulates mammary duct growth, and estrogen and progesterone in combination stimulate lobule-alveolar development of the mammary gland (Tucker, 2000). (ijlr.org)
  • Although combinations of exogenous progesterone and estrogen work synergistically to stimulate lobular-alveolar growth, it is the high levels of progesterone during pregnancy that helps to regulate lobular-alveolar growth and block lactogenesis. (ijlr.org)
  • MCs express receptors for both estrogen and progesterone that induce degranulation upon binding. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dual-label immunocytochemistry experiments showed that 40-60% of kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) expressed estrogen receptor α and progesterone receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although IL1A may stimulate in vitro luteolytic PGF 2α secretion during the estrous cycle, it only acts as a luteotrophic factor in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Older rats may experience decreased cycle frequency, but male pheromones can stimulate more regular cycles in female rats. (qualitycage.com)
  • As labor nears, oxytocin begins to stimulate stronger, more painful uterine contractions, which is a positive feedback loop, stimulate the secretion of prostaglandins from fetal membranes. (jackwestin.com)
  • The hypothesis for this effect is that the exogenous oxytocin inhibits the natural increase in endometrial oxytocin receptor concentration at the end of diestrus that normally leads to oxytocin-induced PGF2α secretion, which in turn would result in luteolysis [1] . (equine-reproduction.com)
  • PL: corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, and moderate levels of estradiol, and inhibin A. It is the remains of the ovarian follicle that has released a mature ovum during a previous ovulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cuervo-Arango J, Newcombe JR. Repeatability of preovulatory follicular diameter and uterine edema pattern in two consecutive cycles in the mare and how they are influenced by ovulation inductors. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Determination of oestrous behaviour, use of vaginal smears or measurement of the vaginal resistivity are unreliable techniques and interpretation of the dosages of progesterone may be critical as it may vary from one laboratory to another. (repropharmvet.com)
  • At the time of the peak, the vaginal smears displayed features of pro-oestrus and the plasma concentration of progesterone was 2.9 ng ml-1. (repropharmvet.com)
  • The HPA axis is activated in response to real or perceived stressors and culminates in the production and secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal glands. (nature.com)
  • The male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes that produce sperm (or spermatozoa ), ducts that transport the sperm to the penis and glands that add secretions to the sperm to make semen (see diagram 13.2). (wikibooks.org)
  • This is the reason why the testes are located in a bag of skin called the scrotal sacs (or scrotum ) that hangs below the body and where the evaporation of secretions from special glands can further reduce the temperature. (wikibooks.org)
  • The secretion of glands mix with sperms to form semen. (ncertmcq.com)
  • The secretion of these glands along with the sperms from the semen. (ncertmcq.com)
  • the glands become more tortuous and produce an abundant secretion containing glycogen. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Galisteo J, Perez-Marin CC. Factors affecting gestation length and estrus cycle characteristics in Spanish donkey breeds reared in southern Spain. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • IL1A alone strongly stimulated luteotrophic PGE 2 secretion by endometrial tissues of both pregnant and nonpregnant cows. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, lower endometrial levels on day 5 of the cycle in ewes fed half of their maintenance requirements have been observed, providing a link between the known role of progesterone in embryo survival by the modulation of uterine function and the higher embryo losses found in undernourished ewes. (edpsciences.org)
  • Progesterone prevents new ovarian follicles from developing and suppresses contract in uterine. (jackwestin.com)
  • In an in vivo experiment, saline or IL1A at different doses (0.001-10 μg/per animal) was applied to the uterine lumen on day 16 of the cycle. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Progesterone levels rise in diestrus to maintain the uterine lining. (qualitycage.com)
  • Four of five RU486-treated ewes showed 'split-oestrus' (oestrous behaviour for 36 h and then again at 84-108 h after the onset of initial oestrus). (oregonstate.edu)
  • Furthermore, MLT treatment upregulated key TCA cycle metabolites while reducing aerobic glycolysis products, leading to higher oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and membrane potential. (bvsalud.org)
  • The changes in the mitochondria dynamics throughout the ovarian cycle have been reported in literature, but the correlation to its role in the ovarian cycle remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • The plasma concentration of LH displays a peak of secretion that can be a good reference to date the events of the ovarian cycle. (repropharmvet.com)
  • The cell cycle consists of mitosis, during which chromosomes actively divide to form two sister cells, and the interphase, during which the cell grows, begins to synthesize DNA, and prepares for chromosomal division. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • If no fertilization occurs, the lining breaks down, and the cycle repeats. (qualitycage.com)
  • A cycle of 50% occurs when chest compression equals chest recoil. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Added to the study of the progesterone concentration, it may help to determine the optimal time for artificial inseminations, particularly when frozen semen is used. (repropharmvet.com)
  • When an intact female cat reaches puberty, she will begin her estrous cycles, commonly known as periods of "heat. (catwatchnewsletter.com)
  • Rising and falling hormone levels result in the progression of the ovarian and menstrual cycles. (jackwestin.com)
  • Ovarian function in ewes after treatment with mifepristone early during the oestrous cycle. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Ewes were injected s.c. twice a day with vehicle or 10 mg RU486 on days 5-7 of the oestrous cycle (oestrus = day 0). (oregonstate.edu)
  • The mean masses of mature corpora lutea from control and RU486-treated ewes on day 6 of the oestrous cycle did not differ significantly (394.8 +/- 28.8 versus 319.5 +/- 48.3 mg). (oregonstate.edu)
  • Levels of endocannabinoid ligands (AEA, NAGly, and 2-AG) change significantly in rodent brain with the estrous cycle and show sex differences, suggesting a preparatory role for mating [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is not clear if any of these mares might otherwise have had "low progesterone" levels, so although a beneficial effect was not clearly demonstrated, it cannot be ruled out. (equine-reproduction.com)
  • IFNT augmented the stimulatory effect of IL1A on PGE 2 secretion. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Only the highest dose of IL1A caused a temporal increase in PGF 2α secretion, while it had no effect on P4 secretion or CL lifespan. (elsevierpure.com)
  • CARDIAC CYCLE (ONE HEARTBEAT, PULSE 75) The outer circle represents the ventricles, the middle circle the atria, and the inner circle the movement of blood and its effect on the heart valves. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • They also express the immediate early gene c-FOS, a molecular marker indicative of intense neural activation, at the time of the OVX+E±progesterone-evoked LH surge. (jneurosci.org)