• In this research, we generate differentiated kidney cells (DKCs) from mouse pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs) analyzing their morphological, genetic, phenotypic, and spectroscopic characteristics along differentiation, highlighting that there are no reports of the use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize the directed differentiation of mPSCs to DKCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy resulted in a non-invasive, rapid and precise technic that together with principal component analysis allows to characterize chemical and structurally both kind of cells and also discriminate and determine different stages along the cell differentiation process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • therefore, new researches focused on regenerative medicine have been developed, including the use of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consequently, because of the increased rate of RF in terminal stage and few alternative treatments, new investigations focused on regenerative medicine have been developed, including the use of stem cells (SCs) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to their potentiality, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are classified as totipotent and pluripotent, both of them can differentiate into the three germ lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although developing tissues and organisms are known to be more sensitive to toxic compounds, three independent experiments in regenerating worms showed a less pronounced effect of AgNP exposure on the microbiome, possibly because underlying bacterial community changes during development mask the AgNP induced effect. (bvsalud.org)
  • The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Our results also reveal novel roles for Akt signaling during regeneration, specifically for the timely localization of cell death near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regarding vibrational spectroscopy analysis by FTIR, bands related with biomolecules were shown on mPSCs and DKCs spectra, observing distinct differences between cell lineages and maturation stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • ESCs are obtained from inner cell mass, characterized by unlimited self-renewal and pluripotentiality, which allow them to differentiate into various specialized cells types in a morphologically and functionally way, characteristics that make them attractive for developing differentiated kidney cells (DKCs) [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The kidney is a complex organ composed of several cell types, and it is conformed approximately by 11,000 nephrons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in response to amputation, levels of cell death were decreased and failed to localize near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, the neoblast mitotic response was increased around the amputation area but the regenerative blastema failed to form. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, flame cells remove unwanted liquids from the body by passing them through ducts which lead to excretory pores, where waste is released on the dorsal surface of the planarian. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phosphorylation of β-catenin on a conserved sequence within the N-terminus (referred to as a phosphodegron sequence) induces βTrcp-dependent ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. (wormbook.org)
  • Cleavage is the sequence of cell divisions that turns a zygote into a multicellular embryo, and plays an essential role in the specification of cell fates before the onset of gastrulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We previously demonstrated that microvesicles can functionally deliver plasmid DNA to cells and showed that plasmid size and sequence, in part, determine the delivery efficiency. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Macrophage depletion induced the formation of scar-like tissue, an increased and sustained inflammatory response, an early decrease in iris pigment epithelial cell (iPEC) proliferation and a late increase in apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • We reveal that a central growth regulator, Igf1 receptor (Igf1r), is necessary and sufficient for proliferation control in the postembryonic retinal stem cell niche: the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ). (biologists.com)
  • Targeted activation of Igf1r signaling in the CMZ uncouples neuroretina growth from body size control, and we demonstrate that Igf1r operates on progenitor cells, stimulating their proliferation. (biologists.com)
  • Wnt proteins are also important regulators of C. elegans development, with functions in processes as diverse as cell fate specification, asymmetric cell division, cell migration and synapse formation. (wormbook.org)
  • Wnt proteins trigger a wide variety of responses, ranging from cell fate specification through the activation of specific target genes to the control of cell polarity and migration through pathways that directly modulate the cytoskeleton ( Angers and Moon, 2009 ). (wormbook.org)
  • Even though spiral cleavage has been modified in a multitude of ways throughout evolution with changes in blastomere sizes and cell fate specification [ 5 , 17 - 19 ], the cleavage pattern itself remained fairly conserved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the development of complex multicellular organisms, series of cell fate decisions and morphogenetic movements generate the different tissues and organs of the embryo. (wormbook.org)
  • Once development is complete, Wnt signaling is required for stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration in vertebrates and deregulation of Wnt signaling, such as through mutation of the negative regulator Apc , is frequently associated with cancer ( Clevers and Nusse, 2012 ). (wormbook.org)
  • However, these technologies are expensive and require sufficient cell quantities and biological replicates to avoid artifactual results. (bvsalud.org)
  • The mechanisms responsible for this decay are both cell intrinsic, such as cellular senescence, as well as cell-extrinsic, such as changes in the regenerative environment. (mdpi.com)
  • Single-cell sequencing (sc-seq) provides a species agnostic tool to study cellular processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stereotypic cleavage patterns play a crucial role in cell fate determination by precisely positioning early embryonic blastomeres. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using 3D-live imaging time-lapse microscopy (4D-microscopy), we characterize the cell lineage, MAPK signaling, and the expression of 16 developmental genes in the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea . (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrated that MCs can be loaded into shed microvesicles with greater efficiency than their parental plasmid counterparts and that microvesicle-mediated MC delivery led to significantly higher and more prolonged transgene expression in recipient cells than microvesicles loaded with the parental plasmid. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Microvesicles loaded with MCs encoding a thymidine kinase (TK)/nitroreductase (NTR) fusion protein produced prolonged TK-NTR expression in mammary carcinoma cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)