AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Langerhans CellsHistiocytosis, Langerhans-CellAntigens, CDImmunophenotypingStem CellsFlow CytometryCells, CulturedAntigens, CD34Hematopoietic Stem CellsIslets of LangerhansCell DifferentiationLymphocyte ActivationT-Lymphocyte SubsetsEpidermisAntigens, CD1Mannose-Binding LectinsLangerhans Cell SarcomaSkinAntigens, CD40CD40 LigandAntigens, CD8Cell LineageDermatitis, ContactBone Marrow CellsAntigens, CD3Myeloid Progenitor CellsDendritic CellsCell MovementMice, Inbred C57BLAntigens, CD44Lectins, C-TypeColony-Forming Units AssayAntigens, CD14Cell CountCell ProliferationCell SeparationMice, TransgenicCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesMice, Inbred BALB CAntigens, CD80Antigens, CD86HematopoiesisAntigens, CD38Eosinophilic GranulomaNeural Stem CellsAntigens, CD28DermisAntigens, SurfaceFetal BloodT-LymphocytesImmunohistochemistryCD4-CD8 RatioBone MarrowEndothelial CellsMice, KnockoutCell DivisionPhenotypeAntigens, CD19Stem Cell TransplantationErythroid Precursor CellsGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorAntigens, CD56Antigens, CD5CD8-Positive T-LymphocytesMultipotent Stem CellsAntigens, CD2Stem Cell FactorHistocompatibility Antigens Class IISignal TransductionLymph NodesMembrane GlycoproteinsNeurogenesisRNA, MessengerCoculture TechniquesAntigens, CD11cCell Culture TechniquesAntigen PresentationLymphoid Progenitor CellsCytokinesAdult Stem CellsAntigens, CD30DinitrofluorobenzeneCell LineHematopoietic Stem Cell MobilizationAntibodies, MonoclonalKeratinocytesAntigens, DifferentiationGranulocyte Colony-Stimulating FactorHistiocytosisAntigens, CD95Gene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMonocytesNestinHaptensReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionDermatitis, Allergic ContactAntigen-Presenting CellsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-kitAntigens, CD24Antigens, CD31
Hematopoietic StemHistiocytosisMyeloidMonocyte-derived dendritic cellsMonocytesTumorDermalPDCsAntigen preseInterstitialDendritic cellBonePathologicLangerinLymphoidMaturationBirbeckReceptorsDifferentiationCD123TherapeuticMarkersHumansCytokinesCellularCytotoxicInterferonImmune cellsProteinInfiltrationSpecificPresenceResponsesTreatmentType
Hematopoietic Stem1
Histiocytosis14
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown ("X") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (medscape.com)
  • The working group of the Histiocyte Society divided histocytic disorders into three groups: (1) dendritic cell histiocytosis, (2) macrophage-related disorders, and (3) malignant histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • More recently, histiocytic diseases have been reclassified into five groups: (1) Langerhans-related, (2) cutaneous and mucocutaneous, (3) malignant histiocytosis, (4) Rosai-Dorfman disease, and (5) hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • The pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Optimal treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has not been established. (medscape.com)
  • A study by Duan et al indicated that in adult patients with either multisystem or multifocal single-system Langerhans cell histiocytosis, treatment with either vindesine and prednisone or cyclophosphamide, etoposide, vindesine, and prednisone was similarly effective. (medscape.com)
  • Some suggest that treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be conservative and limited to individuals with constitutional symptoms, such as pain, fever, failure to thrive, and vital organ disorder as well as those with CNS risk involvement. (medscape.com)
  • See the Medication section for a discussion of agents used in the treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, the preferred term is Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting in the neonatal period: a retrospective case series. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • OBJECTIVES: To describe the morphologic characteristics of skin lesions, extent of extracutaneous disease, and outcomes in patients with neonatal presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and to examine clinical predictors of disease prognosis. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • Epidemiologic study of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: The etiology and pathogenesis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) remain poorly understood. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
Myeloid3
  • Myeloid or conventional DCs (cDCs) are derived from myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and are characterized by expression of CD11c. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the classical model, it proposes a common myeloid progenitor (CMP) as the precursor of both monocytes/macrophages and DCs. (origene.com)
  • In humans, at least two subsets of DC are known in the blood, myeloid DC (also known as interstitial or dermal DC), and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and Langerhans cells (LC) in the tissues [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells2
Monocytes4
  • These CD1a- leukocytes include (1) LC as evidenced by the presence of Birbeck granules (BG), (2) CD14+ monocytes, and (3) Birbeck granule-negative cells with a dendritic morphology. (ashpublications.org)
  • Addition of interleukin (IL)-4 to the cytokine cocktail interfered with the development of monocytes and led to a reduction in the overall yield but, on the other hand, resulted in an increased percentage of CD1a+ cells (mean: 24%) among all cells generated. (ashpublications.org)
  • Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and IL-4 can enhance LC differentiation from human monocytes or CD34(+) progenitors. (cnrs.fr)
  • Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
Tumor3
  • We can used specific TAAs, tumor lysates, created DC-cancer cell fusions, electroporation/transfection of DCs with total cancer cell-mRNA or tumor derived exosomes (TDEs) by the stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vitro stimulation of these cells with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha led to their vigorous proliferation and differentiation resulting in the emergence of CD45+/CD68+/CD3-/CD19- /CD56- leukocytes some of which (mean: 12%) express CD1a and exhibit anti-CD4 and anti-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II reactivity. (ashpublications.org)
  • In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
Dermal1
  • Here, we show that M-CSF-cultured DC precursors derived from CD34(+) progenitors resemble dermal CD14(+) cells and readily convert to LC-like DC in GM-CSF/TGFbeta. (cnrs.fr)
PDCs5
  • Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) differentiate from lymphoid progenitor cells in the lymphoid tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • OBJECTIVE: The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and type I interferons (IFNs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a subject of controversy. (cnrs.fr)
  • It suggests that DCs arise from a common DC progenitor (CDP), which gives rise to pre-DCs that subsequently differentiate into conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). (origene.com)
  • Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), are round plasma-shaped cells specialized for the production of large amounts of type I and type III interferon in response to viral infection. (origene.com)
  • In humans, pDCs can be identified by the expression of several specific cell surface proteins, including CD123 (the IL-3 receptor alpha chain), BDCA-2, and BDCA-4. (origene.com)
Antigen prese4
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells for the induction of antigen specific T cell response. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most critical step in vaccination is the effective presentation of cancer antigens to T cells, and because of DCs are the most efficient antigen presenting cells, they are the promising option for improvement of therapeutic vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human Langerhans cells (LC) are CD1a+ dendritic cells (DC) that function as potent antigen-presenting cells for primary and secondary immune responses. (ashpublications.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Interstitial1
Dendritic cell4
  • The dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine is an innovation in therapeutic strategy for cancer patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • GM-CSF and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta ) are required for the generation of Langerhans cells (LC), members of the dendritic cell (DC) family. (cnrs.fr)
  • Dendritic cell as sentinel of the immune system plays an irreplaceable role. (medsci.org)
  • We focus on the essential functions of dendritic cell in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
Bone2
Pathologic2
  • As a result, the pathologic cells of LCH have been hypothesized to represent Langerhans cells in a state of arrested maturation. (medscape.com)
  • In ideal cases, the differences between normal cells and pathologic Langerhans cells (PLCs) should be used to guide treatment of the disease. (medscape.com)
Langerin1
  • The cells express Langerin, CD1a, and CCR6, migrate in response to CCR6 ligand CCL20, and contain Birbeck granules. (cnrs.fr)
Lymphoid2
  • Non-activated (immature) DCs are usually located in the peripheral non-lymphoid tissues and they can present self-antigens to T cells, that leads to immune tolerance either through T cell deletion or through the differentiation of regulatory T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mature DCs have ability to present antigens in the lymphoid tissues, and to prime, activate, and expand immune effector cells with unique functions and cytokine profiles. (wikipedia.org)
Maturation3
  • The maturation pathway involves several stages, with differentiating cells passing through a monocyte-like stage before fully maturing into dendritic cells. (origene.com)
  • We found that efficient gene transfer into pDC can be achieved with VSVG-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (LV) under the control of phoshoglycerate kinase (PGK) and elongation factor-1 (EF1α) promoters (28% to 90% of E-GFP + cells, respectively) in the absence of phenotypic and functional maturation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Maturation of dendritic cells leads to up-regulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein and concomitant down-regulation of death ligand-mediated apoptosis. (medscape.com)
Birbeck4
  • The ultrastructural hallmark of the Langerhans cell, the Birbeck granule, was described a century later. (medscape.com)
  • Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
  • Notably, LCH cells have been found to express markers of both resting epidermal Langerhans cells (CD1a, intracellular major histocompatibility complex II [MHCII], Birbeck granules) and activated Langerhans cells (including CD54 and CD58). (medscape.com)
  • Langerhans cell histiocytoses are all defined by the presence of a unique ultrastructural organelle, the Birbeck granule. (thedoctorsdoctor.com)
Receptors4
  • Various cell surface receptors play an important role in the differentiation and self-renewal of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). (bvsalud.org)
  • One example of such receptors are the cadherins, which maintain cell-cell adhesion and mechanically couple cells together. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interestingly, cadherin-11 has no known intrinsic signaling activity and is thought to affect cell behavior via interactions with other cell surface receptors. (bvsalud.org)
  • By investigating the multi-level crosstalk between cadherin and PDGFRs computationally, this study contributes to an improved understanding of the effect of cell surface receptors on hMSCs proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
Differentiation1
CD1232
  • They express CD123 and product high levels of type I interferon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human pDC do not express lineage specific markers, but are characterized by the expression of HLA-DR, CD4, CD123, BDCA2 and BDCA4 [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therapeutic2
  • Dendritic cells-based therapeutic approach may be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
  • Gene modified dendritic cells (DC) are able to modulate DC functions and induce therapeutic immunity or tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Markers1
  • In humans and mice, conventional dendritic cells are divided into two main subtypes: cDC1 and cDC2, each with distinct functions and markers [2]. (origene.com)
Humans1
  • In mice, they express the cell surface protein XCR1, while in humans, they can be identified by the presence of CD141 (or BDCA-3). (origene.com)
Cytokines1
  • Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Cellular1
Cytotoxic2
  • They should prime naïve T cell, and induce transition from chronically activated non-protective CD8+ T cells to healthy CD8+ T cells that can produce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which recognize and eliminate cancer cells by recognizing specific antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • cDC1: These cells are very effective at presenting antigens to CD8+ T cells, a type of cytotoxic T cell that can kill infected or cancerous cells. (origene.com)
Interferon1
  • The initial studies showed that patients developed immune responses as measured by Interferon-gamma expression in the peripheral blood, systemic cytokine responses, or CD8+ antigen specific T cell expansion. (wikipedia.org)
Immune cells1
  • Unlike other immune cells, dendritic cells are not just a single entity, but a complex assortment of subtypes with varying functions. (origene.com)
Protein2
  • Autologous dendritic cells previously loaded ex-vivo with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells are incubated ex vivo in the presence of a recombinant fusion protein PA2024 containing a prostate antigen, prostate acid phosphatase and GM-CSF, an immune-cell activator. (wikipedia.org)
Infiltration2
  • Imiquimod induced an IFN signature and led to reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. (cnrs.fr)
  • On the other hand, the infiltration of organs by a monoclonal population of aberrant cells, the possibility of lethal evolution, and the cancer-based modalities of successful treatment are all consistent with a neoplastic process. (medscape.com)
Specific2
  • There are different ways applied to generate cancer cells-specific DCs. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 3 ] Taken together, these findings have led some to speculate that LCH is not a specific disease of epidermal Langerhans cells, but rather one of mononuclear phagocyte dysregulation. (medscape.com)
Presence1
  • Cells differentiated in the presence of IL-4 and TNFalpha express low levels of CCR7. (cnrs.fr)
Responses1
  • They are known to secrete interleukin-12, as well as type I and type III interferons, and are believed to promote Th1 helper T cell and natural killer responses. (origene.com)
Treatment1
Type1
  • cDC2: These cells are specialized in presenting antigens to CD4+ T cells, a type of helper T cell that helps coordinate the immune response. (origene.com)