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This hypothesis is supported by further findings that HU210 promotes proliferation, but not differentiation, of cultured embryonic hippocampal NS/PCs likely via a sequential activation of CB1 receptors, Gi/o proteins, and ERK signaling. (jci.org)
Epigenetic modifications play a key role in regulating gene expression in the cellular differentiation of neural stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
The current research activity focuses at unravelling the genetic and the molecular basis of embryo development, with particular emphasis on the early stages of mammalian embryogenesis as well as on muscular, cardiovascular and neural differentiation. (cnr.it)
Specifically, we study the genetic, epigenetic and metabolic control of pluripotent and adult stem cells, and the molecular circuitries governing the decision between self-renewal and commitment to differentiation, both in physiology and disease. (cnr.it)
Morphological changes during cell differentiation are linked to IF network remodeling. (biomedcentral.com)
However, little is known concerning the presence and the role of IFs in embryonic stem (ES) cells and during their differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
We have examined the expression profile of synemin isoforms in mouse pluripotent ES cells and during their neural differentiation induced by retinoic acid. (biomedcentral.com)
However, both synemin H and M were restricted to the progenitor line during the neural differentiation program. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemical compounds that modulate atrial and ventricular cell fate could be used to improve subtype-specific differentiation of endogenous or exogenously delivered progenitor cells in order to promote cardiac regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, small molecules capable of influencing the fate decisions and differentiation programs of multipotent progenitor cells could facilitate therapeutic regeneration of lost myocardium. (biomedcentral.com)
VE-CADHERIN is expressed transiently in early ISL1 + cardiovascular progenitor cells and facilitates cardiac differentiation. (nih.gov)
Endocardium differentiation through Sox17 expression in endocardium precursor cells regulates heart development in mice. (nih.gov)
Model simulations demonstrate that the low-Nanog state benefits cell differentiation through serving as an intermediate state to reduce the barrier of transition. (biomedcentral.com)
Our modeling results quantitatively show a dual role of Nanog during stem cell differentiation and reprogramming, and the importance of the intermediate state during cell state transitions. (biomedcentral.com)
Our approach offers a general method for analyzing key regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
Very few studies have addressed the functional roles of the bimodal heterogeneity of Nanog expression in the differentiation and specification process of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
One hypothesis based on these results is: During the stem cell differentiation process, the low-Nanog state of stem cell functions as the "gate-keeper" state. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we employed a human pancreatic differentiation platform complemented with an shRNA screen in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to identify potential drivers of early endoderm and pancreatic development. (mdpi.com)
The dynamics of RACK1 levels in isolated adult SC of mice, i.e., progressively high during differentiation and low compared to proliferating conditions, and RACK1 silencing indicated that RACK1 promotes both the formation of myotubes and the accretion of nascent myotubes. (sdbonline.org)
The ability of adult MCs to recapitulate EMT and to acquire smooth muscle (SM) markers upon provasculogenic culture suggested they might retain embryonic vasculogenic differentiation potential. (ox.ac.uk)
Thus, we show for the first time that UtMCs could recapitulate in vitro differentiative events of early cardiovascular differentiation and transdifferentiate in cells exhibiting molecular and functional characteristics of VSMCs. (ox.ac.uk)
In this review we summarized the recent progress in study of basic stem cell biology, on the prospective identification of NSCs, the elucidation of the mechanisms of ontogenic changes, potential differentiation, and their therapeutic applications. (kiev.ua)
Zozulya Yu.A., Lisyaniy NI, Tsymbalyuk VI, Semenova VM Neurogenic differentiation of stem cells. (kiev.ua)
Cell fate decisions, including events that occur naturally (e.g., development, differentiation, regeneration, and homeostasis) and experimentally (e.g., reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, directed differentiation, transdifferentiation), are typically mediated by transcription factors in concert with epigenetic modifications. (distefano-lab.com)
Finally, we discovered a novel signaling pathway that regulates the differentiation of adult neural stem cells into neurons (Ashton). (ca.gov)
2012) "Soft Microenvironments Promote the Early Neurogenic Differentiation but not Self-renewal of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. (ca.gov)
Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Since the Notch signaling pathway molecules play an important role in differentiation of epithelial cells, it is important to identify the presence of notch signaling molecules in SHED during the process of cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
The Notch signaling pathway provides important intercellular signaling mechanisms essential for cell fate specification and it regulates differentiation and proliferation of stem or progenitor cells by para-inducing effects 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)
Notch signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation in various tissues 5-6 . (bvsalud.org)

Effects of HU210 treatment on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus in adult rats ( n = 5-7 rats in each group). (jci.org)
Cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU labeling of dividing cells. (jci.org)
Following RGC proliferation, neurogenesis involves a final cell division of the parent RGC, which produces one of two possible outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
In order to distinguish the rate of proliferation between different PHM clones, a comparative index (CI) was established using the cell cycle and total RNA data of the two PHM clones. (sun.ac.za)
Finally, FGF6 and FGF2, both individually and sequentially, were used to treat quiescent myoblasts to determine their involvement in activation and proliferation with the use of cell cycle analysis and mRNA assessment of ki67, p21, myf5, and MyoD. (sun.ac.za)
However, FGF2 did impede the cell cycle inhibition factor p21, indirectly influencing proliferation. (sun.ac.za)
The inverse sequential treatment order did not demonstrate any significant effect on both activation and proliferation of the quiescent cells. (sun.ac.za)
Altogether our FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) analyses reveal that the neonatal subventricular zone is far more heterogeneous than previously suspected and our studies provide new insights into the signals and mechanisms that regulate their self-renewal and proliferation. (karger.com)
It is now known that new blood vessels originate from preexisting vessels by activation, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells through a process named "angiogenesis" [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Eph/ephrin signaling is a cell-to-cell communication pathway, which regulates cell migration and proliferation. (5dok.org)
Our findings reveal ErbB activation as a strong inductive signal for stem-cell proliferation. (nature.com)
The results showed that the EPS isolated from L. plantarum JY039 effectively improved the adhesion rate of L. paracasei JY062 to Caco-2 cells (1.8 times) and promoted the proliferation of L. paracasei JY062. (bvsalud.org)
Although injuries in the mammalian central nervous system lead to profound proliferation of astrocytes, which cluster at the lesion site to form a gliotic scar, neurogenesis does not take place. (frontiersin.org)
There is a growing body of evidence which demonstrates that following ACS, microRNAs might inhibit fibroblast proliferation and scarring, as well as harmful apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and stimulate fibroblast reprogramming into induced cardiac progenitor cells. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
The lab is interested in neuronal origin, proliferation, migration, and integration in the adult brain. (idival.org)
The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)

Types of NSCs include neuroepithelial cells (NECs), radial glial cells (RGCs), basal progenitors (BPs), intermediate neuronal precursors (INPs), subventricular zone astrocytes, and subgranular zone radial astrocytes, among others. (wikipedia.org)
In the human, adult neurogenesis has been shown to occur at low levels compared with development, and in only three regions of the brain: the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, the amygdala and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. (wikipedia.org)
Our in vivo analysis also confirmed the expression of synemins H/M in multipotent neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult brain, a neurogenic germinal niche of the mice. (biomedcentral.com)
We prospectively identified, and isolated by flow cytometry, adult mouse lateral ventricle subventricular zone (SVZ) NICs as Glast mid EGFR high PlexinB2 high CD24 −/low O4/PSA-NCAM −/low Ter119/CD45 − (GEPCOT) cells. (elifesciences.org)
A region of the brain called the subventricular zone contains both neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells, and is one of only two regions of the brain where neural stem cells are found in adult mammals. (elifesciences.org)
When cells from the subventricular zone are cultured in a way that allows the cells to freely float around (rather than growing on a surface), a few percent form spherical colonies called neurospheres. (elifesciences.org)
have used a technique called flow cytometry to identify and isolate neural stem cells and neurosphere-forming cells directly from the subventricular zone. (elifesciences.org)
In many adult mammals, neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the walls of the lateral ventricle in a germinal niche that preserves key features of the embryonic ventricular zone and a subventricular zone. (idival.org)
The primary progenitors (B1 cells) of this adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) have been best studied in mice. (idival.org)
In the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ), GFAP-positive neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neuroblasts that migrate tangentially along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the olfactory bulb (OB). (jneurosci.org)

The hippocampal dentate gyrus in the adult mammalian brain contains neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) capable of generating new neurons, i.e., neurogenesis. (jci.org)
Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, the neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSCs). (wikipedia.org)
Neurogenesis is most active during embryonic development and is responsible for producing all the various types of neurons of the organism, but it continues throughout adult life in a variety of organisms. (wikipedia.org)
First, this may generate a subclass of neuronal progenitors called intermediate neuronal precursors (INP)s, which will divide one or more times to produce neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, the generation of neurons occurs in a specific tissue compartment or 'neurogenic niche' occupied by their parent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Neurons that arise in the adult nervous system originate from neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Neural stem cells can also give rise to neural progenitor cells, which proliferate rapidly during their short lives and then 'differentiate' into neurons or glia. (elifesciences.org)
Since neurosphere-forming cells can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia, the ability of cells to form neurospheres has generally been taken as evidence that they are stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
We demonstrate that neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) self-renewal and spatiotemporal generation of neurons and other cell types are severely impacted by the loss of Ythdf2 in embryonic neocortex. (biomedcentral.com)
Astrocytes are abundant cell types in the vertebrate central nervous system and can act as neural stem cells in specialized niches where they constitutively generate new neurons. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, finding out molecular mechanisms by which reactive astrocytes can be coaxed into neurons will be of utmost importance for regenerative therapies as these astrocytes are the imminent cell types around the lesion site. (frontiersin.org)
Recent findings suggest that B1 cells are derived from RG during mid fetal development and then remain quiescent until re-activated to produce neurons in postnatal life. (idival.org)
This is consistent with a negative-feedback loop, in which newly generated neurons modulate cell division of SVZ stem cells. (jneurosci.org)
Within the neural tube stem cells generate the 2 major classes of cells that make the majority of the nervous system : neurons and glia. (edu.au)
The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)

The interest of the Institute in developmental biology is rooted back at the time when IGB researchers pioneered mouse genetics using gene targeting techniques to study mammalian embryonic development. (cnr.it)
Dr. Haydar joined the Anatomy & Neurobiology Department at BUSM in 2010 where he maintains a vibrant laboratory using state-of-the-art molecular and surgical techniques to study mammalian brain development. (bu.edu)

Astrocytes are generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) during late embryonic and early postnatal stages. (nature.com)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
2005). Finally, negative revealed that SSEA4 is detectable in the early neuroepi- selection strategies have been also developed as an alter- thelium, and its expression decreases as development native method to enrich for NSCs from both adult proceeds. (lu.se)
2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)
Neurosphere formation is commonly used as a surrogate for neural stem cell (NSC) function but the relationship between neurosphere-initiating cells (NICs) and NSCs remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
Normal CNS development is initiated by the induction of stem cells in the CNS, i.e., neural stem cells (NSCs). (kiev.ua)
Thus, the introduction or mobilization of NSCs could be expected to lead to CNS regeneration by recapitulating normal CNS development, in terms of the activation of the endogenous regenerative capacity and cell transplantation therapy. (kiev.ua)
Variation of Human Neural Stem Cells Generating Organizer States In Vitro before Committing to Cortical Excitatory or Inhibitory Neuronal Fates [2] "Better understanding of the progression of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing cerebral cortex is important for modeling neurogenesis and defining the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. (edu.au)
Here, we use RNA sequencing, cell imaging, and lineage tracing of mouse and human in vitro NSCs and monkey brain sections to model the generation of cortical neuronal fates. (edu.au)

The contributors describe how the first cell lineages arise in the mammalian embryo, stem cell dynamics during the development and homeostasis of specific tissues (e.g., epithelia and brain), and what happens when stem cell integrity is compromised (e.g., by DNA mutations). (cshlpress.com)
Studies have shown that cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular system development and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondria not only serve as power plants in cells but also act as crucial regulators in many biological processes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, redox balance, calcium homeostasis, protein quality control, and programmed cell death ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Studies have shown that cells can eliminate defective mitochondria by delivering them to recipient cells (such as macrophages) to maintain homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, my lab is testing the hypothesis that RNA sequestration is critical to maintaining adult tissue homeostasis. (distefano-lab.com)
Astrocytes bear multiple vital functions such as maintaining the ion homeostasis, contributing to the blood-brain barrier, restoring synaptic integrity, regulating immune response, and acting as neural stem cells ( Kettenmann and Ransom, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
These results demonstrate that Lkb1 plays an important role in maintaining body weight, liver and adipose tissue function, blood glucose homeostasis and survival in adult mice. (omicsdi.org)
A beta cell ATGL-lipolysis/adipose tissue axis controls energy homeostasis and body weight via insulin secretion in mice. (omicsdi.org)
To directly assess the role of beta cell lipolysis in insulin secretion and whole-body energy homeostasis, inducible beta cell-specific adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)-deficient (B-Atgl-KO) mice were studied under normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. (omicsdi.org)
The results support the concept that fuel excess can drive obesity and diabetes via hyperinsulinaemia, and that an islet beta cell ATGL-lipolysis/adipose tissue axis controls energy homeostasis and body weight via insulin secretion. (omicsdi.org)

Stem cells rely on extracellular signals produced by the niche, which dictate their ability to self-renew, expand and differentiate. (karger.com)
This suggested that EPCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells and that such cells are incorporated into sites of active angiogenesis including ischemia, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis in adult organisms [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all of the specialized embryonic tissues. (techxplore.com)
Remarkably, these mesenchymal-like MUCs expressed prosensory cell markers, which indicated that MUCs were prosensory-like hair cell progenitors that may be able to differentiate into new hair cells. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Prosensory cells are hair cell progenitors because they differentiate into hair and supporting cells during development (Kelley, 2006). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Human pluripotent stem cells, with their ability to proliferate indefinitely and to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the human body, provide a novel resource to study human development and to implement relevant disease models. (mdpi.com)
Both these classes of cells differentiate into many different types generated with highly specialized functions and shapes. (edu.au)
SHED was able to differentiate into epithelial like cells when cultured in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) 2 . (bvsalud.org)

Many chapters illustrate how single-cell profiling, stem-cell-derived organoids, intravital microscopy, lineage tracing, quantitative modeling, and other modern approaches have offered important insights. (cshlpress.com)
In addition, the authors consider the potential of stem-cell-based therapies in the clinic (e.g., for treating retinal diseases and skin disorders) and the innovations that are facilitating the development of those therapies, including various lineage reprogramming strategies and new biomaterials that modulate stem cell properties. (cshlpress.com)
The innate immune system is mainly composed of myeloid lineage cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Upon culture in endothelial growth media, these cells expressed endothelial lineage markers, such as CD31, Tie2, and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and incorporated into blood vessels in ischemic tissues. (hindawi.com)
2012) Cell lineage analysis of the mammalian female germline. (science20.com)
A surprising recent discovery has been that mammary epithelial cells commit to differentiated lineages using the same signalling pathways that regulate lineage determination in T helper cells. (biologists.com)
In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
However, it remains unknown whether adult MCs-derived SM-like cells may acquire specific vascular SM lineage markers and the functionality of differentiated contractile VSMCs. (ox.ac.uk)
During development and lineage specification, pluripotent and adult stem cells generate the diverse arrays of specialized cells of the adult body. (distefano-lab.com)
2011) Inhibitors of tyrosine phosphatases and apoptosis reprogram lineage-marked differentiated muscle to myogenic progenitor cells. (ca.gov)
or movements in a free energy landscape such that lineage choices are paths between stable cell states. (lu.se)

1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)

Most drugs of abuse examined to date decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but the effects of cannabis (marijuana or cannabinoids) on hippocampal neurogenesis remain unknown. (jci.org)
We show that both embryonic and adult rat hippocampal NS/PCs are immunoreactive for CB1 cannabinoid receptors, indicating that cannabinoids could act on CB1 receptors to regulate neurogenesis. (jci.org)
Chronic, but not acute, HU210 treatment promoted neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult rats and exerted anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. (jci.org)
For example, mice undergo cortical neurogenesis from about embryonic day (post-conceptional day) (E)11 to E17, and are born at about E19.5. (wikipedia.org)
With the recent discovery that adult olfactory bulb neurogenesis in the human brain likely ceases after 18 months of age, there is increased interest in studying the NPs of the neonate [ 1 ]. (karger.com)
GATA3 promotes neural progenitor state but not neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
2012) "Astrocytes Regulate Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Through Ephrin-B Signaling. (ca.gov)
The conference will be given by Dr. Arturo Álvarez-Buylla , Professor of Neurological Surgery at the University of California, San Francisco, specialised in in neurogenesis of the adult mammalian brain. (idival.org)
His principal research interests are in neurogenesis of the adult mammalian brain, the assembly of the brain, brain tumors and repair, and the ontogeny and phylogeny of behavior. (idival.org)
Consequently, neurogenesis in the juvenile and adult V-SVZ results in a progressive depletion of the population of B1 cells over time. (idival.org)
Our findings reveal a new unprecedented function for Nogo-A and NgR1 in the homeostatic regulation of the pace of neurogenesis in the adult mouse SVZ and in the migration of neuroblasts along the RMS. (jneurosci.org)

These modifications are critical for cell fate determination in the developing and adult mammalian brain. (wikipedia.org)
Using in utero electroporation, in vivo genetic fate mapping and cell ablation techniques, this project is focused on how the multiple populations of neural stem cells and progenitor cells in the embryonic brain are lineally related and how their combined output leads to proper forebrain development. (bu.edu)
This signaling pathway is a highly conserved cell-to-cell communication system that regulates cell fate in development and disease. (5dok.org)
Pharmacological modulation of cell fate decisions and developmental gene regulatory networks holds promise for the treatment of heart failure. (biomedcentral.com)
Collectively, these results indicate the potential for therapeutic alteration of cell fate decisions and pathological gene regulatory networks by GATA4-targeted compounds modulating chamber-specific transcriptional programs in multipotent cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies have provided new insights into the origin, specification and fate of mammary stem and progenitor cells and into how the differentiated lineages that comprise the functional mammary gland are determined. (biologists.com)
Once a cell type is specified, the mechanisms that restrict and maintain cell fate are important in ensuring tissue integrity, and their dysregulation often results in disease, particularly cancer. (distefano-lab.com)
Our current research aims to understand the post-transcriptional & epigenetic mechanisms that govern stem cell potency and cell fate decisions, and determine how to exploit these mechanisms to develop new therapeutic strategies. (distefano-lab.com)
The interplay between all these layers of epigenetic regulation finally controls the transcriptional output of the conversion process, thus determining the final cell fate. (distefano-lab.com)
The localization of RNAs in the cell can influence their folding, editing, splicing, translation, degradation, and even the fate of the proteins they encode. (distefano-lab.com)
Recently, RNAs have been shown to be selectively sequestered in cytoplasmic condensates, however, the functional role and composition of RNA condensates during cell fate specification remain unknown. (distefano-lab.com)
Thus, uncovering and understanding new molecular and cellular pathways that govern HSPC cell fate is critical for basic biology and to develop new therapeutic strategies for hematologic disorders. (distefano-lab.com)
There his work focused on the mechanisms that control transcription factor-induced cell fate change. (distefano-lab.com)
His postdoctoral work focused on the role of post-transcriptional mechanisms in mammalian cell fate. (distefano-lab.com)
Also, we are developing optogenetic tools to investigate signaling pathways involved in stem cell fate decisions (Bugaj). (ca.gov)
This essay recommends a new brain stem nomenclature based on developmental gene expression, progeny analysis, and fate mapping. (edu.au)

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Adult mammalian tissue regeneration recruits progenitor stem cells. (sun.ac.za)

The aim of this current study was to elucidate if and to what extent pancreas-resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with adipogenic progenitor potential differ from the corresponding stromal-type cells of the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, it is unknown whether endogenous progenitors/stromal cells in the adult human heart could be chemically induced to generate functional atrial or ventricular heart muscle to treat adult heart diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

Nowadays, more and more studies have revealed that cells in the cardiovascular system (such as cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, et al. (frontiersin.org)
Vasculogenesis is the coalescence of new blood vessels from individual endothelial cells or progenitor cells. (hindawi.com)
These cells were therefore described as bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). (hindawi.com)
Subsequent studies described a VEGFR2 and AC133 expressing subpopulation of these CD34 positive circulating cells that could form endothelial colonies in vitro [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Modulation of tight junction structure in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. (worthington-biochem.com)

This volume is therefore an indispensable reference for molecular, cell, and developmental biologists, as well as anyone wishing to explore the possibilities of stem cells in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. (cshlpress.com)
Our study shows a developmental stage specific regulation of synemin isoforms in ES cells and its neural derivatives. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that the conditional depletion of the m 6 A reader protein Ythdf2 in mice causes lethality at late embryonic developmental stages, with embryos characterized by compromised neural development. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr. Alvarez-Buylla has an international reputation for his work in developmental neuroscience and stem-cell neurobiology research. (idival.org)
Review - Time for Radical Changes in Brain Stem Nomenclature - Applying the Lessons From Developmental Gene Patterns [1] "The traditional subdivision of the brain stem into midbrain , pons , and medulla oblongata is based purely on the external appearance of the human brain stem. (edu.au)
Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)
Knowledge on the expression analysis of Notch signaling pathway molecules in SHED cultured in KGM could highlight its involvement in controlling the biological activity of these stem cells, particularly during odontogenesis and other developmental process. (bvsalud.org)

It is also the precursors of bile acids, steroid hormones Flux through the Bloch and K-R pathways has not been systematically studied in cultured cells or in vivo. (midasspecialistrecruitment.co.uk)

Most studies investigating satellite cells in vitro use already activated satellite cells, called myoblasts. (sun.ac.za)
Methods: Isolated satellite cells from human muscle biopsies were expanded in vitro creating primary human myoblast (PHM) clones. (sun.ac.za)
Investigating astrocyte maturation in a cell culture model revealed that in vitro-differentiated astrocytes lack expression of many mature astrocyte-specific genes, including genes for the transcription factors Rorb, Dbx2, Lhx2 and Fezf2. (nature.com)
To gain insights into the mechanisms driving astrocyte maturation, we have characterised acutely isolated murine astrocytes at both postnatal and adult stages, as well as in vitro differentiated astrocytes. (nature.com)
Using biologically relevant elastic substrates to study cell function in vitro has proven beneficial, as the in vivo microenvironment usually is much softer than rigid plastic dishes. (5dok.org)

13 ] isolated mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood that were enriched for expression of the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34 [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have the capacity to self-renew and commit to fully mature specialized blood cell types. (distefano-lab.com)

RGCs are the primary stem cells of the mammalian CNS, and reside in the embryonic ventricular zone, which lies adjacent to the central fluid-filled cavity (ventricular system) of the neural tube. (wikipedia.org)
Transcription factor GATA4-targeted compounds that have previously shown in vivo efficacy in cardiac injury models were tested for stage-specific activation of atrial and ventricular reporter genes in differentiating pluripotent stem cells using a dual reporter assay. (biomedcentral.com)
More detailed structure-function analysis revealed a distinct subclass of GATA4/NKX2-5 inhibitory compounds with an acetyl lysine-like domain that contributed to ventricular cells (%Myl2-eGFP+). (biomedcentral.com)

Although these investigations were performed in mice, there is emerging evidence that oogonial stem cells are also present in the ovaries of reproductive-age women, and these cells possess the capacity, like their mouse counterparts, to generate new oocytes under certain experimental conditions. (science20.com)
As a low degree of adipogenesis was also observed in pMSCs of diabetes-susceptible mice, we conclude that the development of pancreatic steatosis has to be induced by other factors not related to cell-autonomous transcriptomic changes and miRNA-based signals. (bvsalud.org)
RACK1 was expressed transiently in the skeletal muscle of post-natal mice, being abundant in the early phase of muscle growth and almost disappearing in adult mature fibers. (sdbonline.org)
We have studied the mode of division of B1 cells in juvenile mice. (idival.org)
Since changes in reproductive hormone levels can also increase the probability of anxiety disorders in women, we examined the effects of ELA on adult female mice across the estrous cycle. (researchgate.net)
It is now well-established that the hippocampal CA2 region plays an important role in social recognition memory in adult mice. (researchgate.net)
Deletion of Lkb1 in adult mice results in body weight reduction and lethality. (omicsdi.org)
As constitutive knockout of Lkb1 in mice leads to embryonic lethality, whether Lkb1 is required for the growth and survival of adult mice is unclear. (omicsdi.org)
At 8 weeks of age, these mice were injected with tamoxifen to induce deletion of beta cell-specific Atgl (also known as Pnpla2), and the mice were fed an ND or HFD. (omicsdi.org)

During a subsequent phase of maturation in the first few postnatal weeks, immature astrocytes exit the cell cycle and aquire a fully mature phenotype 1 . (nature.com)
In contrast, little is known of the mechanisms controlling the later step of maturation of immature postnatal astrocytes into fully mature adult astrocytes. (nature.com)
Postnatal oogenesis through ongoing oogonial stem cell (OSC) mitosis explains increasing oocyte depth with age. (science20.com)
Woods and colleagues say that "the recent work of Shapiro and colleagues is one of the first reports to offer experimental data consistent with a role for postnatal oocyte renewal in contributing to the reserve of ovarian follicles available for use in adult females as they age. (science20.com)

We also discussed the advantage and challenges of mitochondrial transfer strategies, including cell-based mitochondrial transplantation, extracellular vesicle-based mitochondrial transplantation, and naked mitochondrial transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. (frontiersin.org)
Mouse utricle sensory epithelial cellCderived progenitor cells (MUCs), which possess locks cell progenitor and mesenchymal features via epithelial-to-mesenchymal changeover (EMT) seeing that previously described, provide a potential strategy for locks cell regeneration via cell transplantation. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

They play critical roles during embryonic development and in the maintenance and repair of adult tissues. (cshlpress.com)
embryonic stem cells that are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells that are found in adult tissues. (techxplore.com)
In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialized cells, but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin or intestinal tissues. (techxplore.com)
Stem cells can now be grown and transformed into specialized cells with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell culture. (techxplore.com)
A Non-Aggressive, Highly Efficient, Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Human Brain-Tumors and Brain-Tissues to Viable Single-Cells. (worthington-biochem.com)
Unlike some other tissues, it has not been possible to identify or purify neural stem cells directly from the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are multipotent stem cells derived from the pulp tissues of extracted deciduous teeth 1 . (bvsalud.org)

Here we define a 4-color flow cytometry panel using CD133, LeX, CD140a, NG2 to define a neural stem cell (NSC) as well as 4 classes of multipotential progenitors and 3 classes of bipotential progenitors, several of which have not been described previously. (karger.com)
We used conjugated polymers to develop a novel neural stem cell culture substrate with anchored growth factors to promote cell self-renewal. (5dok.org)

As embryonic development of the mammalian brain unfolds, neural progenitor and stem cells switch from proliferative divisions to differentiative divisions. (wikipedia.org)
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) are fundamental in embryonic development but also in adult skeletal muscle regeneration from injury or pathology. (sun.ac.za)
It is essential to have sensitive and reproducible methods of either quantifying or isolating these stem cells and progenitors to understand their intrinsic properties and how extrinsic signals regulate their development. (karger.com)
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian central nervous system and they serve essential functions in brain development and homoeostasis. (nature.com)
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, occurs at different stages during embryonic development, physiological processes such as wound healing and reproduction, and numerous diseases, including inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Until recently, vasculogenesis was thought to be restricted to the formation of the initial vascular tree during embryonic vascular development. (hindawi.com)
From embryonic development to tissue regeneration and disease progression, the human body is continuously subject to mechanical stresses. (5dok.org)
We propose an opportunity to target the cancer cell/microenvironment interface instead of the Notch pathway itself in the development of cancer therapies. (5dok.org)
Pancreatic steatosis associates with ß-cell failure and may participate in the development of type-2-diabetes. (bvsalud.org)
Our analysis of mouse development from embryonic day 5 to 15 (E5 to E15) has demonstrated that synemin M mRNA is produced at E5 as early as nestin and vimentin mRNA, prior to the appearance of the H isoform. (biomedcentral.com)
Mammary gland development occurs through distinctive stages throughout embryonic and pubertal development and reproductive life. (biologists.com)
The development of new tools and culture techniques has also enabled the factors that influence branching morphogenesis in the embryonic and pubertal gland to be identified. (biologists.com)
There are three main stages of mammary gland development both in rodents and humans: embryonic, pubertal and adult. (biologists.com)
However, the growing interest in the development of innovative treatments that are aimed at the regeneration damaged tissue CNS is based on the latest research in the field of stem cells and neurology. (kiev.ua)
This regional specification is established very early during embryonic development. (idival.org)
We explore the method on three circuits for haematopoiesis and embryonic stem cell development for commitment and reprogramming scenarios and illustrate how the method can be used to determine sequential steps for onsets of external factors, essential for efficient reprogramming. (lu.se)
Mammalian chimeras are valuable for studying early embryonic development. (asu.edu)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)

The different expression of isoforms H, M and L of synemin in the nervous system raises several questions about the regulation of synemin gene expression during the determination of glial and neuronal cell lineages in the central and the peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS). (biomedcentral.com)

Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines recent progress in our understanding of stem cell biology and how the properties of stem cells can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes, emphasizing the roles that cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary approaches have played in this work. (cshlpress.com)
He is Professional Membership of the International Society for Stem Cell Research, American Society for Cell Biology and American Academy of Arts and Sciences, etc. (idival.org)

Out of all the three cell types, neuroepithelial cells that pass through neurogenic divisions have a much more extended cell cycle than those that go through proliferative divisions, such as the radial glial cells and basal progenitors. (wikipedia.org)
The neurosphere-forming cells, named GEPCOT cells, were short-lived and highly proliferative in the brain. (elifesciences.org)

We found that the majority of key genes required for progenitor phenotypes were in a permissive chromatin state and unmethylated in RPE. (nih.gov)
Methylome states of photoreceptor-related genes in adult RPE and embryonic retina (which mostly contain progenitors) were very similar. (nih.gov)
In this study, we maintained mesenchymal-like MUCs in adherent cultures to test new methods that were able to guide MUCs to buy SB-649868 become a number of epithelial cells expressing epithelial genes such as in MUCs. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
In terms of the gene regulatory network defining cellular potency, Nanog has direct mutual interactions with two other core stem cell specific genes Oct4 and Sox2. (biomedcentral.com)
A chimera instead contains discrete cell populations with two unique sets of parental genes. (asu.edu)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)

In this study, we investigated the epigenetic plasticity of adult murine RPE to identify possible mechanisms that prevent mammalian RPE from regenerating retinal tissue. (nih.gov)
Finally, we will comment on the mechanisms regulating myeloid cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment and on the potential of myeloid cells as new targets for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
While much is known about biochemical signaling, many of the mechanisms that drive cell outcome in response to biophysical influences remain to be uncovered. (5dok.org)
Morrison, S. J. & Spradling, A. C. Stem cells and niches: mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life. (nature.com)
Our current goal is to elucidate molecular mechanisms regulating establishment and maintenance of mammalian cell identity. (distefano-lab.com)
However, little is known on the mechanisms that promote the neural progenitor state after injuries in humans. (frontiersin.org)

In latest years, regeneration of locks cells offers produced guaranteeing outcomes (Groves et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that transient levels of the evolutionarily conserved factor RACK1 are critical for adult SC activation and proper skeletal muscle regeneration, favoring the efficient progression of SC from a committed to a fully differentiated state. (sdbonline.org)

2006). Latest research possess discovered that a subpopulation of assisting cells, such as Sox2- and Lgr5-positive assisting cells, have the capacity to become new hair cells (Chai et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
Knocking down synemin in ES cells by shRNA lentiviral particles transduction has no influence on expression of Oct4, Nanog and SOX2, but decreased keratin 8 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Pre-GEPCOT cells could not form neurospheres but expressed the stem cell markers Slc1a3-CreER T , GFAP-CreER T2 , Sox2 CreERT2 , and Gli1 CreERT2 and were long-lived in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
GATA3 increases the GFAP/SOX2-positive cells and ASCL1 after injury in 3D. (frontiersin.org)

As ErbB-family ligands and receptors are highly expressed within the stem-cell niche 7 , we hypothesize that strong endogenous regulators must control the pathway in the stem-cell compartment. (nature.com)
Therefore, a plausible regenerative therapeutic option is to coax the endogenous reactive astrocytes to a pre-neurogenic progenitor state and use them as an endogenous reservoir for repair. (frontiersin.org)

When two embryos are correctly joined before the 32-cell stage, the embryo will develop normally and exhibit a mosaic pattern of cells as an adult. (asu.edu)

This selectivity suggests that the commitment of CNS precursor cells to form glia or neuron involves the direct regulation of the single synemin gene. (biomedcentral.com)
Heterogeneous gene expressions of cells are widely observed in self-renewing pluripotent stem cells, suggesting possible coexistence of multiple cellular states with distinct characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
We present a gene regulatory network model to investigate the bimodal Nanog distribution in stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Nanog has been recognized as a critical pluripotency gene in stem cell regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
These crucial regulators direct gene expression changes to establish cell-type specific transcriptional profiles. (distefano-lab.com)
One recently-completed CIRM-funded project involved directed evolution and engineering of new viral gene delivery vehicles capable of highly efficient delivery to human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. (ca.gov)
This Adeno-associated virus (AAV) variant study involved heavy usage of the flow cytometer and the ImageXpress Micro to quantitate the number of successfully infected (and gene-targeted) cells and colonies (Asuri). (ca.gov)
2012) "Directed Evolution of Adeno-Associated Virus for Enhanced Gene Delivery and Gene Targeting in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. (ca.gov)
There is an urgent need to update the names of brain stem structures to be consistent with the discovery of rhomobomeric segmentation based on gene expression. (edu.au)

The mammalian telencephalon, which comprises the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, basal ganglia (striatum and globus pallidum), and amygdala, is a highly complex and evolutionarily advanced brain structure. (intechopen.com)
Adult-born granule cells (abGCs) project to the CA2 region of the hippocampus, but no previous studies have assigned a behavioral function to this circuit. (researchgate.net)

Our data suggest that, epigenetically, adult murine RPE cells are a progenitor-like cell type. (nih.gov)

Relevantly, UtMCs-derived VSM-like cells could generate "mechanical force" to compact collagen lattices and displayed in diverse degree voltage (K(+)) and receptor (endothelin-1, oxytocin, norepinephrine, carbachol and vasopressin)-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rises and contraction. (ox.ac.uk)
B1 cells have astroglial properties and generate, in addition to a small number of oligodendroglia, at least ten different subtypes of inhibitory interneurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb. (idival.org)

They demonstrated that transferring functional mitochondria of bone marrow-derived stem cells to defective parenchymal cells increases the aerobic respiration capacity of recipient mitochondria ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Myeloid cells are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a critical role during growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. (hindawi.com)

SHED has the ability to be differentiated to specific cell lineages such as odontoblasts and osteoblasts as well as epithelial like cells. (bvsalud.org)

Functional vascular smooth muscle-like cells derived from adult mouse uterine mesothelial cells. (ox.ac.uk)
In mammalian visceral organs, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) originate from an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of embryonic mesothelial cells (MCs). (ox.ac.uk)
check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)

Primary satellite cells can be harvested from muscle tissue to investigate or even use as potential therapeutic application. (sun.ac.za)
In conclusion, using clones that were distinctly different as assessed by the comparative index, this thesis illuminates that the two FGF family members investigated, act on cell cycle in different ways, thus would influence their utilization in experimental or therapeutic applications. (sun.ac.za)
Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning have also been proposed as promising candidates for future therapies. (techxplore.com)

2007). Such a dedifferentiation program occurs in mammalian pancreatic epithelial cell cultures, in which pancreatic cells dedifferentiate into mesenchymal-like cells that are able to re-enter the cell cycle, probably via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Gallo et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
We found that adult mouse utricle sensory epithelial cells underwent EMT to become MUCs that were able to propagate in adherent cultures, express mesenchymal markers, and lose the expression of epithelial markers. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

Interestingly, the existence of low-Nanog state dynamically slows down the reprogramming process, and additional Nanog activation is found to be essential to quickly attaining the fully reprogrammed cell state. (biomedcentral.com)
These results suggest the co-existence of two cellular "sub-states" within the pluripotent stem cell state: high-Nanog sub-state and low-Nanog sub-state, rather than one well-defined, homogenous pluripotent cellular state. (biomedcentral.com)
RNA was reverse-transcribed to obtain the cDNA and then proceeded with PCR using specific primers for the Notch signaling pathway molecules (Notch1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and, Hes1) as well as stem cell marker (Nanog). (bvsalud.org)

These early stem cells are called neuroepithelial cells (NEC)s, but soon take on a highly elongated radial morphology and are then known as radial glial cells (RGC)s. (wikipedia.org)
Outside the stem cell niches, however, these glial cells are not neurogenic. (frontiersin.org)

A dedifferentiation program was suggested for inducing differentiated somatic cells to become pluripotent embryonic-like stem cells (Halley-Stott et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)

Chemistry of RNA and DNA base methylation The addition of the methyl-group to DNA and RNA bases (Fig.?2) is catalyzed by DNA- and RNA-methyltransferases that use DNMTs, which methylate canonical dC bases.26 In contrast, DNMT1 maintains the methylation status Actinomycin D biological activity during cell division. (thebiotechdictionary.com)

Stem cells are cells found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms. (techxplore.com)
Chimeras are organisms that contain two or more genetically distinct cell lines. (asu.edu)
The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)

Based on this knowledge, IGB researchers are developing molecular and pharmacological tools to target progenitor/stem cells and their metabolism, paving the way for novel approaches to regenerative medicine and disease treatments. (cnr.it)
Given their plasticity and regenerative abilities, stem cells provide opportunities for treating human diseases such as diabetes. (cshlpress.com)
If age-imposed decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells was understood, the debilitating lack of organ maintenance in the old could be ameliorated and perhaps, even reversed. (ca.gov)

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)

Eggs are formed from progenitor germ cells that exit the mitotic cycle, thereby ending their ability to proliferate through cell division, and subsequently enter meiosis, a process unique to the formation of eggs and sperm which removes one half of the genetic material from each type of cell prior to fertilization. (science20.com)

We identified efficient network attributes, common functional modules and high overlap between the fetal and adult brain network. (edu.au)

Anatomy73

Organisms16

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Differentiation32

Proliferation17

Subventricular zone10

Neurons16

Techniques to study mammalian2

NSCs10

Homeostasis10

Differentiate8

Lineage11

Multipotent progenitor cells1

Neurogenesis11

Fate16

Abstract1

Stromal cells2

Endothelial5

Developmental7

Pathways1

Vitro5

Hematopoietic2

Ventricular3

Mice9

Postnatal4

Transplantation2

Tissues9

Neural stem2

Development18

Neuronal1

Biology2

Proliferative2

Genes6

Mechanisms6

REGENERATION3

Sox24

Endogenous2

Embryo1

Gene9

Hippocampus2

Murine1

Generate2

Bone marrow-derived2

Lineages1

Mesothelial cells3

Therapeutic3

Mesenchymal2

Nanog3

Glial2

Somatic cells1

Methylation1

Organisms3

Regenerative3

Biol1

Proliferate1

Fetal1