• Death or differentiation of an OPC is rapidly followed by migration or local proliferation of a neighboring cell to replace it. (wikipedia.org)
  • We were able to quantify cellular proliferation and differentiation rates of many cell types across the entire brain in a single experiment, which wasn't possible using conventional approaches," Cao says. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Hepatic differentiation was assessed based on increased albumin and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, as hepatocyte markers, and decreased cytokeratin 19 and SOX9, as stem/progenitor cell markers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Inhibition of autophagy promoted hepatic differentiation in the stem/progenitor cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our findings indicated that promoting amino acid sensitivity of the mTOR pathway is dependent on p62 accumulated by inhibition of autophagy and that this process plays an important role in the hepatic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We used primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and human AML cell lines to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and its role in AML differentiation. (hindawi.com)
  • Differentiation of these wrapping glial cells requires a complex set of neuron-glia interactions involving three basic mechanistic features. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the mammalian brain, Notch signaling maintains the cortical stem cell pool and regulates the glial cell fate choice and differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The generation of cellular diversity in the nervous system requires the specification and differentiation of a multitude of cell lineages from multipotent progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Primary sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium are continuously regenerated throughout adult life via the proliferation and differentiation of multipotent neural progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • For example, we use conditional genetic knockouts to investigate the roles of certain transcription factors and intracellular signaling pathways in promoting stem-cell self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • The current research activity focuses at unravelling the genetic and the molecular basis of embryo development, with particular emphasis on the early stages of mammalian embryogenesis as well as on muscular, cardiovascular and neural differentiation. (cnr.it)
  • Specifically, we study the genetic, epigenetic and metabolic control of pluripotent and adult stem cells, and the molecular circuitries governing the decision between self-renewal and commitment to differentiation, both in physiology and disease. (cnr.it)
  • Neurotrophins also induce differentiation of progenitor cells, to form neurons. (angioproteomie.com)
  • Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Tian L, Shamirzaei-Jeshvaghani E, Dehghani L, Ramakrishna S. Structural properties of scaffolds: Crucial parameters towards stem cells differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
  • Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering as a substrate that can mimic the native extracellular matrix and the properties of scaffolds have been shown to affect the cell behavior such as the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
  • Life depends on constant replenishment of human body cells with new cells created by differentiation of adult stem cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • As Type D cells die from trauma or apoptosis they are replaced by new cells resulting from differentiation of Type B and Type C cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • However, unlike their mammalian counterparts, which are generally quiescent and do not undergo neuronal differentiation during homeostasis, we show that a relatively high proportion of zebrafish enteric glia proliferate under physiological conditions giving rise to progeny that differentiate into enteric neurons. (crick.ac.uk)
  • We also provide evidence that, similar to brain neural stem cells, the activation and neuronal differentiation of enteric glia are regulated by Notch signalling. (crick.ac.uk)
  • RAF Kinase Activity Regulates Neuroepithelial Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Progenitor Cell Differentiation during Early Inner Ear Development. (mpg.de)
  • Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
  • Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the Notch signaling pathway molecules play an important role in differentiation of epithelial cells, it is important to identify the presence of notch signaling molecules in SHED during the process of cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Notch signaling pathway provides important intercellular signaling mechanisms essential for cell fate specification and it regulates differentiation and proliferation of stem or progenitor cells by para-inducing effects 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Notch signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation in various tissues 5-6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Effects of HU210 treatment on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus in adult rats ( n = 5-7 rats in each group). (jci.org)
  • A ) Representative microphotographs of the dentate gyrus show BrdU-positive cells clustered or aggregated in the SGZ in rats receiving an acute injection of vehicle or 100 μg/kg of HU210. (jci.org)
  • B ) There was no significant difference in the average number of BrdU-stained cells in the dentate gyrus per section following 1 dose of acute vehicle, 100 and 25 μg/kg of HU210, and 3 mg/kg of AM281. (jci.org)
  • C ) Representative microphotographs of the dentate gyrus show that twice-daily injections of 100 μg/kg of HU210 for 10 days apparently increased the density of BrdU-positive cells in the SGZ relative to chronic vehicle injection. (jci.org)
  • D ) Relative to vehicle injection, there was a significant increase in the number of BrdU-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus following chronic treatment with 100 μg/kg of HU210, but not 25 μg/kg of HU210 or 3 mg/kg of AM281. (jci.org)
  • Sanchez-Pascual I., O'Laoi R., El M'Ghari I., Kocher-Braissant J., Ellisman MH, Toni N . "Fine processes of Nestin-GFP positive radial glia-like stem cells in the adult dentate gyrus ensheathe local synapses and vasculature. (chuv.ch)
  • We also find that the number of proliferating progenitors and young neurons in the dentate gyrus declines sharply during the first year of life and only a few isolated young neurons are observed by 7 and 13 years of age. (nature.com)
  • These cells are predominantly found in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (see Chapter 45) and just next to the lateral ventricles in the subventricular zone (SVZ). (pediagenosis.com)
  • Katanin p60 haploinsufficiency induced an accumulation of neuronal progenitors in the subventricular zone during corticogenesis, and impaired their proliferation in the adult hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) subgranular zone. (monash.edu)
  • Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells, NG2-glia, O2A cells, or polydendrocytes, are a subtype of glia in the central nervous system named for their essential role as precursors to oligodendrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • OPCs comprise approximately 3-4% of cells in grey matter and 8-9% in white matter, making them the fourth largest group of glia after astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Typically, cells originating from the posterior and dorsomedial SVZ produce more oligodendrocytes owing to increased exposure to posterior Shh signaling and dorsal Wnt signaling which favors OPC specification, in contrast to ventral Bmp signaling which inhibits it. (wikipedia.org)
  • As development progresses, second and third waves of OPCs originate from Gsh2-expressing cells in the lateral and caudal ganglionic eminences and generate the majority of adult oligodendrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Braun S., Moss J., Toni N. , Jessberger S. "Programming hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells into oligodendrocytes enhances remyelination in the adult brain after injury" Cell Reports , 2015 Jun 23;11(11):1679-85. (chuv.ch)
  • Here, we show that Notch inactivation by genetic deletion of Rbpj in stem cells decreases astrocytes but increases oligodendrocytes with altered internal states. (bvsalud.org)
  • Smad4 deletion in stem, but not progenitor cells, as well as Noggin infusion lead to an increased number of Olig2-expressing progeny that migrate to the corpus callosum and differentiate into oligodendrocytes. (cipsm.de)
  • Further, I identify a novel Shh-dependent domain in the dorsal V-SVZ, which generates not only olfactory bulb (OB) neurons, but also astrocytes and oligodendrocytes that migrate to the cortex and corpus callosum (CC). These new findings expand our knowledge on the endogenous mechanisms that control the NSC niche in the adult mammalian brain. (escholarship.org)
  • Notably, stem cells that were eliminated at an early developmental stage had no chance of contributing any cells to adult organs. (phys.org)
  • Some OPCs are also generated from multipotent progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Altogether our FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) analyses reveal that the neonatal subventricular zone is far more heterogeneous than previously suspected and our studies provide new insights into the signals and mechanisms that regulate their self-renewal and proliferation. (karger.com)
  • I show that primary cilia are required for a unique population of progenitors in the ventral region of the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), and that ablation of primary cilia disrupts Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in these progenitors. (escholarship.org)
  • Xue-Lian Sun et al, Stem cell competition driven by the Axin2-p53 axis controls brain size during murine development, Developmental Cell (2023). (phys.org)
  • Here we define a 4-color flow cytometry panel using CD133, LeX, CD140a, NG2 to define a neural stem cell (NSC) as well as 4 classes of multipotential progenitors and 3 classes of bipotential progenitors, several of which have not been described previously. (karger.com)
  • Secondly, the quiescent state is an integral part of stem cell regulation, therefore choosing the right protocol for inducing quiescence is important. (sun.ac.za)
  • Cell Stem Cell 2018 Apr 18. (chuv.ch)
  • Sandström J., Eggermann E., Charvet I., Roux A., Toni N ., Greggio C., Broyer A., Monnet-Tschudi F., Stoppini L. "Development and characterization of a human embryonic stem cell-derived 3D neural tissue model for neurotoxicity testing. (chuv.ch)
  • Atta-ur-Rahman, Shazia Anjum , " Frontiers in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research ", Bentham Science Publishers (2017). (eurekaselect.com)
  • In response to ligation of monomorphic regions of MHC class II antigens with monoclonal antibody CR3/43, human leukocytes retrodifferentiate into a variety of heterogeneous stem cell types belonging to the mesoderm, ectoderm or endoderm lineage, depending on culture media and conditions. (eurekaselect.com)
  • During this process, leukocytes lose lineage-associated markers home and undergo homocytic aggregation, upregulate expression of stem cell antigens, and subsequently redifferentiate to give rise original tissue or, transdifferentiate into a different tissue altogether. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The ease by which various stem cell types can be generated from human peripheral blood has allowed the design of various kits to guarantee the specificity, sterility and efficacy of stem cells production for various clinical and research applications. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Recently, cell reprogramming technology has been used in stem cell research. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • The regenerative capacity of the olfactory epithelium therefore presents a powerful and experimentally accessible paradigm for elucidating the mechanisms regulating neural stem-cell function. (nih.gov)
  • At maturity there are relatively very few Type A cells and a mix of Type B, C and D cells, Type B and C cells typically live in protected stem cell niches where they reproduce and, as-needed differentiate to become the normal working body Type D cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Stem cell gene expression evolves with age. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • That is the essence of the Stem Cell Supply Chain Breakdown theory of aging. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • IF we could find a way to rejuvenate adult stem cells in their niches, then the stem cell supply chain could possibly be transformed from being a once-through-in-life process to a continuing closed-loop process. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • those of cell reprogramming, thereby avoiding exhaustive trial- energy landscape, deterministic models, and-error simulations with rate equations for different stem cell commitment, reprogramming parameter sets. (lu.se)
  • We explore the method on three circuits for haematopoiesis and embryonic stem cell development for commitment and reprogramming scenarios and illustrate how the method can be used to determine sequential steps for onsets of external factors, essential for efficient reprogramming. (lu.se)
  • RNA was reverse-transcribed to obtain the cDNA and then proceeded with PCR using specific primers for the Notch signaling pathway molecules (Notch1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and, Hes1) as well as stem cell marker (Nanog). (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells rely on extracellular signals produced by the niche, which dictate their ability to self-renew, expand and differentiate. (karger.com)
  • They develop from progenitor cells-descendants of adult stem cells that differentiate into specialized cell types. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Liver stem/progenitor cells have the potential to differentiate to form hepatocytes or cholangiocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Both these classes of cells differentiate into many different types generated with highly specialized functions and shapes. (edu.au)
  • Remarkably, these mesenchymal-like MUCs expressed prosensory cell markers, which indicated that MUCs were prosensory-like hair cell progenitors that may be able to differentiate into new hair cells. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Prosensory cells are hair cell progenitors because they differentiate into hair and supporting cells during development (Kelley, 2006). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • They belong to a class of growth factors, secreted proteins that are capable of signaling particular cells to survive, differentiate, or grow. (angioproteomie.com)
  • With growth, these proliferate and, in a remarkably articulated manner, progressively differentiate into multipotent stem cells (Type B), progenitor cells (Type C), mature body somatic cells (Type E), and many eventually become senescent cells (Type E). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • The above list is in order of increasing cell-type specificity and decreasing cell-type potency to differentiate into other cell types. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Starting at conception and throughout life, all cells on this list except the senescent ones will selectively reproduce and possibly differentiate into cells of types further down in the list. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • At an advanced age, the pools of Type B and Type C cells become depleted in part because of replicative senescence and the cells remaining in the pools lose their ability to differentiate as necessary to replace Type D cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Cells in those pools replicate and differentiate throughout life. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • SHED was able to differentiate into epithelial like cells when cultured in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Gebara E., Bonaguidi M., Beckervordersandforth R., Sultan S., Udry F., Gijs P., Lie C., Ming G., Song H., Toni N . "Morpho-functional characterization of adult neural hippocampal stem cells reveals two morphotypes of radial glia-like cells. (chuv.ch)
  • Ultrastructurally, NS cells displayed abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and many cellular processes but no characteristics of mature retinal neurons or glia. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Within the neural tube stem cells generate the 2 major classes of cells that make the majority of the nervous system : neurons and glia. (edu.au)
  • Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorder characterized by cell-type-specific tau lesions in neurons and glia. (bvsalud.org)
  • We discover, replicate, and annotate thousands of differentially expressed genes in PSP, many of which reside in glia-enriched co-expression modules and cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) persisting in the walls of the lateral ventricles of the adult mammalian brain continue to produce new neurons and glia throughout life. (escholarship.org)
  • Here we demonstrate that the non-neuronal ENS cell compartment of teleosts shares molecular and morphological characteristics with mammalian enteric glia but cannot be identified by the expression of canonical glia markers. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Our experiments reveal remarkable similarities between enteric glia and brain neural stem cells in teleosts and open new possibilities for use of mammalian enteric glia as a potential source of neurons to restore the activity of intestinal neural circuits compromised by injury or disease. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Recent studies have provided new insights into the origin, specification and fate of mammary stem and progenitor cells and into how the differentiated lineages that comprise the functional mammary gland are determined. (biologists.com)
  • The regulatory programs governing this process remain incompletely characterized, however, in part because of the difficulty in studying neuronal progenitor cells in their native environments. (nih.gov)
  • Adult-born granule cells (abGCs) project to the CA2 region of the hippocampus, but no previous studies have assigned a behavioral function to this circuit. (researchgate.net)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that TRAP-exposed females, but not males, also exhibited decreased lateral ventricular volume, which was correlated with increased granule cell layer width in the hippocampus in females. (nature.com)
  • Despite these discrepancies, it is generally believed that the adult human hippocampus continues to generate new neurons. (nature.com)
  • They respond to a number of signals and appear to give rise to functional neurones in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, with the latter cells migrating from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb via the rostral migratory stream (RMS). (pediagenosis.com)
  • Apoptotic cell death is induced by aberrant Aβ peptides and tau aggregates in the hippocampus and temporal lobe. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, in multicellular organisms, competitive interactions also occur between cells, creating a cell selection mechanism that eliminates less fit cells within the local tissue environment. (phys.org)
  • ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Adult mammalian tissue regeneration recruits progenitor stem cells. (sun.ac.za)
  • Primary satellite cells can be harvested from muscle tissue to investigate or even use as potential therapeutic application. (sun.ac.za)
  • Satellite cells exist in quiescence in the muscle tissue and only become activated following an insult. (sun.ac.za)
  • The robustness and efficacy of the retrodifferentiation process in generating unprecedented quantities of stem cells belonging to the three germ layers will enable organ and tissue reconstruction ex vivo, using bio-printing and various scaffold materials. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Epimorphic regeneration and retrodifferentiation both have the capacity to recreate and reconstruct tissue with precise positional integration of cells in such a way that will enable us to heal without scars and to understand how to maintain tissue integrity and architecture in the face of a hostile environment. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the epigenetic plasticity of adult murine RPE to identify possible mechanisms that prevent mammalian RPE from regenerating retinal tissue. (nih.gov)
  • In the adult, stem cells exist in many tissues throughout life and may play critical roles in physiological functions and tissue regeneration. (wisc.edu)
  • Upon severe injury, these adult tissue stem cells are activated and go on to reconstitute all of the cellular constituents of this sensory epithelium. (nih.gov)
  • Our studies provide a model for understanding the mechanisms regulating neural stem cells and lay the groundwork for the future development of treatments and therapeutics to ameliorate tissue damage and degeneration in the nervous system. (nih.gov)
  • Neurotrophic factors are secreted by target tissue and act by preventing the associated neuron from initiating programmed cell death - thus allowing the neurons to survive. (angioproteomie.com)
  • Studies have shown that cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular system development and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Stem cells have attracted much interest in tissue engineering as a cell source due to their ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state for prolonged time and capability of differentiating to different cell types after induction. (wjgnet.com)
  • The transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) alleviates neuropathology and improves cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer's disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In preclinical and clinical studies, progenitor cell therapy (cord blood and mesenchymal stem cells) has shown promise in reversing the underlying pathology of SNHL, the loss of cochlear sensory hair cells. (intechopen.com)
  • OPCs continue to exist in both white and gray matter in the adult brain and maintain their population through self-renewal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Besides, opening up new avenues for promoting neuronal fitness and brain health , this research may also establish an important experimental paradigm for interrogating cell competition during neurodevelopmental processes and in neurodegenerative diseases. (phys.org)
  • To determine whether cell competition naturally occurs in the developing brain , the researchers collected more than 1,000 mouse brains with clonal labeling of NPCs and studied their fate using short- and long-term lineage tracing. (phys.org)
  • Their findings showed that this manipulation caused a significant enlargement of brain size and a remarkable rise in the number of neurons, indicating the survival of otherwise unfit stem cells during development. (phys.org)
  • The identification of endogenous cell competition among NPCs provides a fundamental basis for comprehending the developmental origin of neuronal vulnerability as well as improving brain health. (phys.org)
  • Rockefeller University researchers have developed TrackerSci, a groundbreaking method for tracking the development and aging of brain cells, which could revolutionize the understanding of neurological diseases and aging. (scitechdaily.com)
  • TrackerSci is a new tool for tracking brain cell development and aging, offering fresh insights into cellular changes over a lifetime and potential applications in various organ studies. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Researchers at Rockefeller University are taking the same approach with newborn brain cells-but these neonates will keep their ID tags for life, so that scientists can track how they grow and mature, as a means for better understanding the brain's aging process. (scitechdaily.com)
  • New cells are continuously produced in the adult mammalian brain, a critical process associated with memory, learning, and stress. (scitechdaily.com)
  • in mammals, they account for a mere .5 percent of all brain cells. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Toni N ., Song H., Ming GL "Tangential migration of neuronal precursors of glutamatergic neurons in the adult mammalian brain", PNAS 2015 July 13. (chuv.ch)
  • Modulation of tight junction structure in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • A Non-Aggressive, Highly Efficient, Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Human Brain-Tumors and Brain-Tissues to Viable Single-Cells. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • Pediatric Brain Tumor Cancer Stem Cells: Cell Cycle Dynamics, DNA Repair, and Etoposide Extrusion. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • Primary Cell Culture of Live Neurosurgically Resected Aged Adult Human Brain Cells and Single Cell Transcriptomics. (worthington-biochem.com)
  • Here, we use RNA sequencing, cell imaging, and lineage tracing of mouse and human in vitro NSCs and monkey brain sections to model the generation of cortical neuronal fates. (edu.au)
  • Here we identified which architectural principles of functional connectome organization are initiated prior to birth , and contrast those with topological characteristics observed in the mature adult brain. (edu.au)
  • We identified efficient network attributes, common functional modules and high overlap between the fetal and adult brain network. (edu.au)
  • Until recently it was believed that no new neurones could be born in the adult mammalian brain. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Neural stem cells in the postnatal brain have significant roles in both normal brain functions, such as learning and memory and the brain's response to injuries. (wisc.edu)
  • He has also provided extensive service on NIH study sections, councils and steering groups, including as previous co-chair of the NIH BRAIN ® Initiative Cell Census Consortium Steering Group. (nih.gov)
  • 2006 ) Composition and organization of the SCZ: a large germinal layer containing neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. (neurotree.org)
  • Inhibiting Notch in glial progenitors does not affect cell generation but instead accelerates the growth of Notch-deprived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and OPC-related glioma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that ensures a dynamic recycling of a variety of building blocks required for self-renewal, homeostasis, and cell survival under stress. (hindawi.com)
  • Basal macroautophagy (thereafter referred to as autophagy), a catabolic recycling system in cells, is key to maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival. (hindawi.com)
  • While the importance of autophagy for cell homeostasis and survival has long been appreciated, its role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression is still developing [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitochondria not only serve as power plants in cells but also act as crucial regulators in many biological processes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, redox balance, calcium homeostasis, protein quality control, and programmed cell death ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Studies have shown that cells can eliminate defective mitochondria by delivering them to recipient cells (such as macrophages) to maintain homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immunoreceptor signaling during development, homeostasis, and effector function of T cells and NK cells. (upstate.edu)
  • A surprising recent discovery has been that mammary epithelial cells commit to differentiated lineages using the same signalling pathways that regulate lineage determination in T helper cells. (biologists.com)
  • SHED has the ability to be differentiated to specific cell lineages such as odontoblasts and osteoblasts as well as epithelial like cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • A transposon-mediated gene trap screen identified the zebrafish line qmc551 that expresses a GFP reporter in primitive erythrocytes and also in haemogenic endothelial cells, which give rise to haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that seed sites of larval and adult haematopoiesis. (worktribe.com)
  • Nowadays, more and more studies have revealed that cells in the cardiovascular system (such as cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • Stem cells have two fundamental properties: self-renewal and multipotency. (wisc.edu)
  • We demonstrate that neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) self-renewal and spatiotemporal generation of neurons and other cell types are severely impacted by the loss of Ythdf2 in embryonic neocortex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ciliary body could be a source of cells for transplantation in experimental rodent eyes and for autotransplantation in human eyes. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Mouse utricle sensory epithelial cellCderived progenitor cells (MUCs), which possess locks cell progenitor and mesenchymal features via epithelial-to-mesenchymal changeover (EMT) seeing that previously described, provide a potential strategy for locks cell regeneration via cell transplantation. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Transplantation experiments further verified the cell-autonomous nature of this phenotype. (cipsm.de)
  • We also discussed the advantage and challenges of mitochondrial transfer strategies, including cell-based mitochondrial transplantation, extracellular vesicle-based mitochondrial transplantation, and naked mitochondrial transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that the majority of key genes required for progenitor phenotypes were in a permissive chromatin state and unmethylated in RPE. (nih.gov)
  • Since changes in reproductive hormone levels can also increase the probability of anxiety disorders in women, we examined the effects of ELA on adult female mice across the estrous cycle. (researchgate.net)
  • It is now well-established that the hippocampal CA2 region plays an important role in social recognition memory in adult mice. (researchgate.net)
  • Adult stem/progenitor cells were isolated from the liver of mice with chemically induced liver injury. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
  • The authors isolated progenitor cells from the ciliary body of adult mice, rats, and human cadaver eyes and determined quantitative growth characteristics of groups of progenitor cells called neurosphere (NS) cells, including individual cell diameter, NS diameter, percentage of NS-forming cells, and cell number per eye in mouse, rat, and human eyes. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Mean numbers of cells per NS were estimated to be 1183 in mice, 5360 in rats, and 685 in humans. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • E-cadherin Controls Bronchiolar Progenitor Cells and Onset of Preneoplastic Lesions in Mice. (mpg.de)
  • Lin9, a Subunit of the Mammalian DREAM Complex, Is Essential for Embryonic Development, for Survival of Adult Mice, and for Tumor Suppression. (mpg.de)
  • Methylome states of photoreceptor-related genes in adult RPE and embryonic retina (which mostly contain progenitors) were very similar. (nih.gov)
  • The hematopoietic retrodifferentiated stem cells have been shown to engraft an animal host in two proofs of principle clinical studies, demonstrating long-term engraftment and safety in acquired aplastic anaemia, while transient amelioration of beta thalassemia major was also observed. (eurekaselect.com)
  • It is essential to have sensitive and reproducible methods of either quantifying or isolating these stem cells and progenitors to understand their intrinsic properties and how extrinsic signals regulate their development. (karger.com)
  • His lab specializes in optimizing methods for single-cell sequencing, an increasingly popular approach to analysis that homes in on the genetic expression and molecular dynamics of individual cells. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Methods: Isolated satellite cells from human muscle biopsies were expanded in vitro creating primary human myoblast (PHM) clones. (sun.ac.za)
  • In this study, we maintained mesenchymal-like MUCs in adherent cultures to test new methods that were able to guide MUCs to buy SB-649868 become a number of epithelial cells expressing epithelial genes such as in MUCs. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Cell reports methods , 3 (2), 100409. (wisc.edu)
  • Here, we show that bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-mediated signaling is active in adult neural stem cells and is crucial to initiate the neurogenic lineage in the adult mouse subependymal zone. (cipsm.de)
  • To address directly the source of newly formed cardiomyocytes during zebrafish heart regeneration, we first established a genetic strategy to trace the lineage of cardiomyocytes in the adult fish, on the basis of the Cre/lox system widely used in the mouse6. (blogspot.com)
  • or movements in a free energy landscape such that lineage choices are paths between stable cell states. (lu.se)
  • In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
  • The DRG contain the sensory cell bodies which send their devel- oping axons into the evolving spinal cord and skin. (pediagenosis.com)
  • In the auditory system, we have generated mouse utricle sensory epithelial cellCderived progenitor cells (MUCs) via EMT (Zhang and Hu, 2012). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • We found that adult mouse utricle sensory epithelial cells underwent EMT to become MUCs that were able to propagate in adherent cultures, express mesenchymal markers, and lose the expression of epithelial markers. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • If we can systematically characterize the different cells and their dynamics using this novel technique, we may get a panoramic view of the mechanisms of many diseases and the enigma of aging. (scitechdaily.com)
  • To isolate and characterize progenitor cells derived from adult mammalian ciliary body. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This technique has uncovered shifts in cell production in aging brains and has broader applications for studying cell dynamics across various organs. (scitechdaily.com)
  • For the current study, the researchers analyzed more than 10,000 newborn progenitor cells from across entire mouse brains spanning three ages (young, mature, and elderly) with a synthetic molecule known as 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU). (scitechdaily.com)
  • Prior work uncovered transcriptome changes in human PSP brains, although their cell-specificity is unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our data suggest that, epigenetically, adult murine RPE cells are a progenitor-like cell type. (nih.gov)
  • Here we show that a defined population of progenitor cells does not coalesce in the subgranular zone during human fetal or postnatal development. (nature.com)
  • Using neural stem cells as model systems, we are investigating the molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal development during postnatal period and their implications in human neurodevelopmental disorders such as Rett Syndrome, Autism, and Fragile X syndrome. (wisc.edu)
  • After the committed progenitor cells exit the germinal zones, they migrate and proliferate locally to eventually occupy the entire CNS parenchyma. (wikipedia.org)
  • White matter OPCs proliferate at higher rates and are best known for their contributions to adult myelinogenesis, while gray matter OPCs are slowly proliferative or quiescent and mostly remain in an immature state. (wikipedia.org)
  • In these regions, neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have been reported to proliferate and produce postmitotic neurons. (jneurology.com)
  • 2005). Finally, negative revealed that SSEA4 is detectable in the early neuroepi- selection strategies have been also developed as an alter- thelium, and its expression decreases as development native method to enrich for NSCs from both adult proceeds. (lu.se)
  • 2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)
  • Also on the apical domain of NSCs is a small, highly specialized organelle called the primary cilium, known for its role in signal transduction, but whose function in adult NSCs is unknown. (escholarship.org)
  • Wu and his team systematically investigated the potential regulators, spatial properties, molecular features, mechanism and physiological role of cell competition between NPCs. (phys.org)
  • To gain deeper insight, the researchers generated phenotype-, genotype- and transcriptotype-dependent datasets through single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, developed a loser signature scoring system and identified the molecular characteristic of loser cells. (phys.org)
  • This work elucidates the drivers, properties, molecular features and physiological function of cell competition in the context of neural stem/progenitor cells during early neurodevelopment. (phys.org)
  • This innovative technique allowed the researchers to analyze tens of thousands of gene expressions and the chromatin landscapes of these newborn cells as they grew into families of cell types with different molecular functions. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Those only capture static information-the current molecular state of a cell at a single moment. (scitechdaily.com)
  • When investigating the causes of this failure via cellular and molecular analysis of 2-cell zygotes and the successive cell divisions (blastomeres), all kinds of abnormalities were found. (sibi.org)
  • High-resolution omics, particularly single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling, are rapidly enhancing our comprehension of the normal molecular diversity of gliovascular cells, as well as their age-related changes that contribute to neurodegeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this review, we present an overview of the molecular features of neurovascular and glial cells that have been recently discovered through omic profiling, with a focus on those that have potentially significant functional implications and/or show cross-species differences between human and mouse, and that are linked to vascular deficits and inflammatory pathways in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. (bvsalud.org)
  • The research in our laboratory focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate neural stem cells and neurodevelopment with the goal of applying this knowledge in the treatment of neurological disorders and injuries. (wisc.edu)
  • Based on this knowledge, IGB researchers are developing molecular and pharmacological tools to target progenitor/stem cells and their metabolism, paving the way for novel approaches to regenerative medicine and disease treatments. (cnr.it)
  • OPCs are glial cells that are typically identified by co-expression of NG2 (a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan encoded by CSPG4 in humans) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (encoded by PDGFRA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Glial cells influence conduction velocity along axons by regulating the radial axonal diameter, providing electrical insulation as well as affecting the distribution of voltage-gated ion channels. (bvsalud.org)
  • CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
  • Progenitor cells from adult mammalian ciliary body have significant, but limited, proliferation potential and express markers characteristic of other progenitor cells and seen during early retinal development. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In suspension cultures, we found that MUCs formed spherical structures buy SB-649868 and started to express epithelial markers and bundle-like structures, which indicates that MUCs may possess the potential to become epithelial hair-like cells. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • The cell is the basic functional unit of our body, so changes to the cell essentially underlie virtually every disease and the aging process," says Cao, head of the Laboratory of Single-Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Progenitor cell therapy may also allow functional reorganization of the auditory pathways including primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus). (intechopen.com)
  • In pathological conditions, damaged cells transfer dysfunctional mitochondria toward recipient cells to ask for help and take up exogenous functional mitochondria to alleviate injury. (frontiersin.org)
  • They demonstrated that transferring functional mitochondria of bone marrow-derived stem cells to defective parenchymal cells increases the aerobic respiration capacity of recipient mitochondria ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
  • The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
  • The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
  • In contrast to mammals, several non-mammalian vertebrate species are able to regenerate their hearts1,2,3, including the zebrafish4,5, which can fully regenerate its heart after amputation of up to 20% of the ventricle. (blogspot.com)
  • 1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
  • VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)
  • Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) are fundamental in embryonic development but also in adult skeletal muscle regeneration from injury or pathology. (sun.ac.za)
  • Figure 4: The SGZ forms during macaque development but new neurons are rare in adults. (nature.com)
  • During development, stem cells and resulting progenitor cells are responsible for generating all the tissues and cells of an organism. (wisc.edu)
  • There are three main stages of mammary gland development both in rodents and humans: embryonic, pubertal and adult. (biologists.com)
  • The fields of scientific research that most influenced Art Nouveau were microscopy, the development of cell theory, botany, neurology, psychology, and the theory of evolution. (inquiriesjournal.com)
  • The interest of the Institute in developmental biology is rooted back at the time when IGB researchers pioneered mouse genetics using gene targeting techniques to study mammalian embryonic development. (cnr.it)
  • With sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), the damaged hair cells of the organ of Corti within the cochlea interfere with typical hearing and, as a result, cause impaired language development. (intechopen.com)
  • Approximately half of congenital SNHL is hereditary and is the result of genetic mutations causing improper development of cochlear hair cells. (intechopen.com)
  • We will present a summary of the effect of hearing loss on auditory development, existing preclinical and clinical data on progenitor cell therapy, and its potential role in the (re)habilitation of non-genetic SNHL. (intechopen.com)
  • Cysts mark the early stage of metastatic tumor development in non-small cell lung cancer. (mpg.de)
  • Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)
  • ES) cells are known to be sustained during CNS devel- enriched in neurosphere-initiating cel s. (lu.se)
  • 2004), the ABC trans- panded neurosphere cells and also mark subfractions porter Bcrp1/ABCG2 (Hulspas et al. (lu.se)
  • of neurosphere-initiating cells. (lu.se)
  • OPCs play a critical role in developmental and adult myelinogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • OPCs first originate from Nkx2.1-expressing cells in the ventricular zone of the medial ganglionic eminence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epigenetic mechanisms , including DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs have profound regulatory roles in controlling mammalian gene expression. (wisc.edu)
  • The transposon that mediates this GFP expression is located in intron 1 of the gfi1aa gene, one of three zebrafish paralogs that encode transcriptional repressors homologous to mammalian Gfi1 and Gfi1b proteins. (worktribe.com)
  • Although in principle stem cells can replicate indefinitely, in fact they age as the organism ages, continuing to change their gene expression. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Myc Is a Metastasis Gene for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. (mpg.de)
  • These cells migrate into the olfactory bulb. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 3 ] A 2002 study showed that the prevalence of objective olfactory impairment in adults older than 53 years is 24.5% and grows more prevalent with age, reaching 62.5 % in those aged 80-97 years. (medscape.com)
  • Extrapolating from these values, there are currently 14 million older adults with some degree of olfactory impairment. (medscape.com)
  • In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)
  • The sense of smell is mediated through stimulation of the olfactory receptor cells by volatile chemicals. (medscape.com)
  • My lab uses the mammalian olfactory epithelium as a model for addressing this challenge. (nih.gov)
  • This approach enabled the researchers to induce genetic mosaicism in NPCs, allowing NPCs to carry different fluorescent proteins, and to track cell fate during the developmental continuum. (phys.org)
  • Prior to SCNT, the somatic cell (differentiated) must be reprogramed to a similar state of a pluripotent embryonic cell (undifferentiated) before the nucleus is extracted and transferred. (sibi.org)
  • A dedifferentiation program was suggested for inducing differentiated somatic cells to become pluripotent embryonic-like stem cells (Halley-Stott et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • According to a simplified model of this theory a newly-conceived human embryo consists of pluripotent stem cells (Type A), ones that can potentially divide into any body cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Moreover, certain drugs, such as antidepressants, can accelerate production of neurons from cortical NPCs, and increased neurons from cortical NPCs have the inhibitory effect on neuronal cell death, which is induced by global ischemia 4 . (jneurology.com)
  • Conditional Expression of Oncogenic C-RAF in Mouse Pulmonary Epithelial Cells Reveals Differential Tumorigenesis and Induction of Autophagy Leading to Tumor Regression. (mpg.de)
  • Shi and Advantage 2013), and locks cell progenitors possess been determined in the adult mammalian utricle and cochlea (Li et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • In the developing neural tube, Shh (Sonic hedgehog) signaling and expression of Nkx6.1/Nkx6.2 coordinate expression of Olig1 and Olig2 in neuroepithelial cells of the pMN and p3 domains of the ventral ventricular zone. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the occurrence and significance of cell competition in mammals has been poorly understood. (phys.org)
  • Twenty years have passed since Dolly the sheep was born by cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT) but the results of non-human mammalian cloning are very poor, and cause animal diseases and huge biological losses. (sibi.org)
  • True cloning performed by nuclear transfer from an adult and differentiated somatic cell to a previously enucleated egg (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT), gives rise to a new cell, the nuclovulo (nucleus+ovum), distinct from the zygote because the sperm is not involved in its creation, while both can develop as embryos and give rise to offspring. (sibi.org)
  • Despite immense promise, somatic cell reprogramming still faces a critical challenge. (sibi.org)
  • Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
  • The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
  • if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
  • A main focus of my lab research is to understand the epigenetic basis of cell fate specification and neurodevelopment. (wisc.edu)