Progenitor cell neural inhibition. Medical search. Frequent questions

Neurogenesis, or the generation of neurons, occurs in the VZ during embryonic and fetal development as a function of the Notch pathway, and the newborn neurons must migrate substantial distances to their final destination in the developing brain or spinal cord where they will establish neural circuits. (wikipedia.org)
In the embryonic cerebral cortex, the SVZ contains intermediate neuronal progenitors that continue to divide into post-mitotic neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Here, using a murine model of spinal injury, we elevated the intrinsic regenerative ability of CST neurons by supplying a pro-regenerative transcription factor, KLF6, while simultaneously supplying injured CST axons with a growth-permissive graft of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) transplanted into a site of spinal injury. (biorxiv.org)
Delivering pro-regenerative KLF6 to injured neurons while simultaneously transplanting neural progenitor cells to injury sites resulted in robust regeneration directly through sites of spinal injury, accompanied by extensive synapse formation with spinal neurons. (biorxiv.org)
Recent work involving transplants of neural progenitor cells has also succeeded in creating novel relay circuits as host axons invade and innervate graft-derived neurons, which in turn extend lengthy axons that innervate neurons in the caudal spinal cord ( 7 - 9 ). (biorxiv.org)
In the present study, our aim was to establish an in vitro cell model based on patient-specific human neurons to study the pathomechanism of sporadic AD. (biomedcentral.com)
Colabeling of these BrdU+ cells with neuronal, astrocytic, or oligodendrocytic markers was used to determine the fate of the increased number of NPCs that should be fated to differentiate into either granule neurons or glial cells. (eneuro.org)
Neither did complete loss of BACE1 activity affect neuronal maturation, as shown by double labeling of BrdU+ cells with doublecortin, a marker of immature neurons. (eneuro.org)
BACE1 -/- mice displayed increased NPC proliferation, but overall, these cells do not mature into neurons that could potentially compensate for the learning and memory defects associated with AD. (eneuro.org)
Whilst LiCl exposure did not significantly alter the proportion of cells expressing markers for stem cells/undifferentiated cells (Oct4, SSEA4), neurons (Neurofilament M), astrocytes (GFAP) or cell cycle phase, the drug caused a 1.4-fold increase in total cell number. (plos.org)
In addition, neural rosettes can differentiate into distinct region-specific neurons and glia. (creative-biolabs.com)
Therefore, knowing when and where to act is contingent on plasticity at multiple levels, from gene transcription through neurons and neural circuits to behavior. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been implicated in multiple forms of neural plasticity, and active (de) methylation is an important regulator of gene expression in adult neurons involved in learning and memory [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Some of these strategies focus on enhancing endogenous generation of neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) to substitute the dying neurons. (figshare.com)
The aim of this study was to analyze the role of PKC isozymes in the generation of neurons from neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in vitro and in vivo in brain injuries. (figshare.com)
In this webinar, Dr. P. Joel Ross (The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto) describes how patient-specific iPS cell-derived neurons can be functionally characterized and used to identify neurodevelopmental disorder-associated neuronal phenotypes. (stemcell.com)
A series of biochemical and cellular assays were employed to assess the ability of the herbal extracts to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, reduce β-amyloid aggregation, stimulate the differentiation of neural progenitor cells, suppress cyclooxygenase, and protect neurons against β-amyloid or N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced cytotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
Use of TH-EGFP transgenic mice as a source of identified dopaminergic neurons for physiological studies in postnatal cell culture. (okano-lab.com)
In order to investigate whether replacing the lost or damaged neurons can improve brain signaling and alleviate disease symptoms, scientists from the Gladstone Institutes and the University of California San Francisco transplanted progenitor inhibitory neurons into the hippocampus of aged mice expressing apoE4. (iflscience.com)
These are early-stage cells that are capable of maturing into inhibitory neurons. (iflscience.com)
Unexpectedly, the grafted cells not only survived in the brains of the mice and matured into inhibitory neurons, but they also functionally integrated into the neuronal circuit, restoring learning and memory. (iflscience.com)

This study suggests that specific transcription factors and treatment with morphogens can restrict human adult olfactory-derived progenitors to a dopaminergic neuronal lineage. (scirp.org)
Among those, several candidate genes have been shown to control the early patterning and/or the late synaptic maturation of specific neuronal subpopulations controlling the balance between excitation and inhibition in the developing cortex and cerebellum. (neurotransmitter.net)
Mosaic analyses reveal that Id2a function in facilitating both cell cycle progression and neuronal differentiation in the retina is non-cell-autonomous, suggesting that Id2a functions upstream of the extrinsic pathways that regulate retinogenesis. (biologists.com)
Compared to BACE1 +/+ mice, fewer BrdU+ cells colocalized with the neuronal marker, NeuN, in the dentate gyrus of BACE1 -/- mice. (eneuro.org)
In line with these studies, we observe a signi cant decrease in doublecortin, a marker for neuronal precursor cells/neurogenesis, in the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, a major site of neurogenesis in the mouse brain, following irradiation, which remains reduced following monocyte in ltration ( Fig. (scite.ai)
We have previously utilised an NT2.D1 neurosphere based model of neuronal differentiation to study the effects of a variety of compounds on neural development [7] . (plos.org)
PKC inhibition in vitro, in cultures of NPC isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of postnatal mice, leads differentiation towards a neuronal fate. (figshare.com)
PKCε inhibition by siRNA promotes neuronal differentiation and reduces glial cell differentiation. (figshare.com)
On the contrary, inhibition of PKCθ exerts a small anti-gliogenic effect and reverts the effect of PKCε inhibition on neuronal differentiation when both siRNAs are used in combination. (figshare.com)
Inhibition of PKC activity in this type of injuries leads to neuronal production. (figshare.com)
2- Human cortical organoids develop the typical hallmarks of senescent cells when maintained in vitro for prolonged periods of time, and moderate upregulation of endogenous KL expression in cortical organoids inhibits neuronal senescence (Shaker MR et al, NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease 2021). (edu.au)
Enhanced proliferation of progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and limited neuronal production in the striatum and neocortex of adult macaque monkeys after global cerebral ischemia. (okano-lab.com)
By transplanting neuronal precursor cells into the brains of mice, researchers have managed to reverse the learning and memory deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and thus restore normal cognitive function. (iflscience.com)

During the reporting period, we have developed methods to enable the optimization of inhibitory nerve precursor cell, or MGE cell, derivation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). (ca.gov)
Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into functional cell types is a crucial step in cell therapy. (ashpublications.org)
In the present study, we demonstrate that functional CD34 + progenitor cells can be efficiently produced from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by combined modulation of 2 signaling pathways. (ashpublications.org)
With the formation of neural rosettes, neural tube development and neural differentiation can be modeled using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro . (creative-biolabs.com)
Differentiation of neural rosettes from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro is sequentially regulated on a molecular level and accomplished by the mechanism reminiscent of secondary neurulation. (creative-biolabs.com)
Chemical conversion of human conventional Pluripotent Stem Cells to Trophoblast Stem Cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
I am using human pluripotent stem cells that carry either trisomy 21 or the fmr1 mutation to study the development of the cerebral cortex in vitro. (wisc.edu)

The balance between the rates of stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis changes during development, and species from mouse to human show large differences in the number of cell cycles, cell cycle length, and other parameters, which is thought to give rise to the large diversity in brain size and structure. (wikipedia.org)
The present work introduces a computational implementation of some principles of a theory of organism development, namely that the default state of cells is proliferation and motility, and includes the principle of variation and organization by closure of constraints. (nature.com)
In the present model, the bioelectric context of cells and tissue is the field responsible for organization, as it regulates cell proliferation and the level of communication driving the system's evolution. (nature.com)
Starting from a depolarized (proliferative) cell, the organism grows to a certain size, limited by the increasingly polarized state after successive proliferation events. (nature.com)
A mechanism for the inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation by cocaine. (bvsalud.org)
Id2a-dependent defects in retinoblast proliferation lead to microphthalmia and to an absence of nearly all differentiated inner and outer nuclear layer cell types. (biologists.com)
These results indicate that complete, but not partial loss, of BACE1 activity increases cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of young adult mice. (eneuro.org)
In vitro screening of exogenous factors for human neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation using measurement of total ATP content in viable cells. (okano-lab.com)
Essential role of Shp2-binding sites on FRS2{alpha} for corticogenesis and for FGF2-dependent proliferation of neural progenitor cells. (okano-lab.com)
Inhibition of glioma cell proliferation by neural stem cell factor. (okano-lab.com)
Correlation between Musashi-1 and c-hairy-1 expression and cell proliferation activity in the developing intestine and stomach of both chicken and mouse. (okano-lab.com)
Moreover, in adults, Merkel cells undergo slow turnover and are replaced by cells originating from epidermal stem cells, not through the proliferation of differentiated Merkel cells. (medscape.com)

Epigenetic DNA modifications appear to have a central role in regulating gene expression during differentiation of neural stem cells. (wikipedia.org)

Importantly, we have achieved the development of a protocol that robustly generates interneuron-like progenitor cells from human ES cells and demonstrated that these progenitors mature in vitro and in vivo into GABAergic inhibitory interneurons with functional potential. (ca.gov)

The intracellular modulation of these second messengers therefore participates in the segregation of NC and CP cell populations. (gene-tools.com)
In addition, in order to phenotypically anchor the gene expression data, changes in the heterogeneity of cell subtype populations and cell cycle phase were monitored using flow cytometry. (plos.org)
However, given that bivalent domains can still be observed-albeit in lower proportion-in unipotent cells such as T cells and MEFs, an admixture of cell populations appears to be an unlikely explanation for the observed coexistence of these marks. (researchgate.net)
[ 5 , 6 ] Furthermore, experiments have demonstrated that epidermal progenitors in the touch domes are capable of producing Merkel cell lines and that epithelial progenitor populations in adults have the capacity to give rise to both neuroendocrine and squamous lineages. (medscape.com)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)

Here, we show that biallelic Nf1 inactivation promotes Erk-dependent, ectopic Olig2 expression specifically in transit-amplifying progenitors, leading to increased gliogenesis at the expense of neurogenesis in neonatal and adult subventricular zone (SVZ). (bvsalud.org)
Through the process of neurogenesis, the parent neural stem cell pool is depleted and the VZ disappears. (wikipedia.org)
To study how radiation affects neurogenesis, we combine phenotyping of subpopulations of hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cells with double- and triple S-phase labeling paradigms. (scite.ai)
Recent research has shown that the dismantlement of neural rosettes promotes neurogenesis and astrogenesis prematurely, which means that the complete rosette structure is essential for orderly neurodevelopment. (creative-biolabs.com)

We have also compared the behavior of primary fetal cells to these human interneuron precursor-like cells both in vivo and in vitro. (ca.gov)
In vivo imaging of engrafted neural stem cells: its application inevaluating the optimal timing of transplantation for spinal cord injury. (okano-lab.com)
In addition there is a lack of information regarding the presence of mast cells in dental pulp of rats, which are animals used to study important aspects of the pathophysiology of dental pulp in vivo 6 . (bvsalud.org)

This platform prompted the discovery of NELL2 expression in human oligodendroglial cell types and NELL2 was further linked with human white mater development and diseases by using artificial intelligence prediction (Shaker MR et al, Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2022). (edu.au)

Advances in stem cell research and regenerative medicine have led to the potential use of stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative, developmental and acquired brain disease. (ca.gov)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a chain of events that is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction leading to necrotic cell death at the core of the injury site, which is restricted by astrogliosis and apoptotic cell death in the surrounding areas. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we elucidate the pattern of activation of NF-κB in the pathology of SCI in rats and investigate the effect of transplantation of spinal neural precursors (SPC-01) on its activity and related astrogliosis. (biomedcentral.com)
A neuroscientist, Dr Shaker received his PhD in 2017 from Korea University, Seoul-South Korea, after working on the cellular behaviour of embryonic neural stem cells during the brain and spinal cord development as well as axial elongation. (edu.au)
2- Modelling children with defects in neural tube elongation using spinal cord organoids. (edu.au)
Chondroitinase ABC combined with neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation enhances their migration and axonal regeneration after rat spinal cord injury. (okano-lab.com)
Neural Stem Cells and Regeneration of Injured Spinal Cord. (okano-lab.com)
Rho/ROCK signaling induced after spinal cord injury (SCI) contributes to secondary damage by promoting apoptosis, inflammation, and axon growth inhibition. (academic-accelerator.com)
A rationally designed self-immolative linker enhances the synergism between a polymer-rock inhibitor conjugate and neural progenitor cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury. (academic-accelerator.com)

The use of olfactory progenitors as a cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) would allow harvest without invasive surgery, provide an autologous cell population, eliminate need for immunosuppression and avoid the ethical concerns associated with embryonic tissues. (scirp.org)
Anderson, L. and Caldwell, M.A. (2007) Human neural progenitor cell transplants into the subthalamic nucleus lead to functional recovery in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. (scirp.org)
Increased Physiological GDNF Levels Have No Effect on Dopamine Neuron Protection and Restoration in a Proteasome Inhibition Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease OPEN ACCESS eNeuro. (lu.se)

In response to morphogens, the hONPs differentiate along several neural lineages. (scirp.org)
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from an early embryo can self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into a variety of cell types. (ashpublications.org)

Transplantation of interneuron precursors therefore holds therapeutic potential for treatment of human neurological diseases involving an imbalance in circuit inhibition/excitation. (ca.gov)
These dosing and safety data will then serve as the baseline for comparison with human interneuron precursors and inform design of preclinical studies of these cells in immunosuppressed mice. (ca.gov)
As we continue to optimize our ES cell differentiation protocol, these primary interneuron precursors will enable initial human cell dose response and behavior experiments and, along with rodent-derived cells, will provide important baseline measures. (ca.gov)
[ 7 , 8 ] Sunshine et al offer that perhaps there are multiple cell-line precursors of Merkel cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)

Based on the fact that seizure activity is frequently associated with autism and that abnormal evoked potentials have been observed in autistic individuals in response to tasks that require attention, several investigators have recently proposed that autism might be caused by an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in key neural systems including the cortex. (neurotransmitter.net)
In the present article, we review our current understanding of the developmental mechanisms patterning the balance between excitation and inhibition in the context of the neurobiology of autism. (neurotransmitter.net)
The Alvarez-Buylla lab at UCSF is part of a collaboration that is pioneering the investigation of therapeutic interneuron replacement for the correction of neurological disorders arising from defects in neural excitation/inhibition. (ca.gov)
Too much excitation can damage cells and lead to cell death, whereas excess inhibition prevents the flow of information. (iflscience.com)

Our objective is to examine whether/how Gαo regulates islet development and insulin secretion in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)

Cyclooxygenase inhibition in ischemic brain injury. (southampton.ac.uk)
Cyclooxygenase inhibition as a strategy to ameliorate brain injury. (southampton.ac.uk)

The related coactivator complexes SAGA and ATAC control embryonic stem cell self-renewal through acetyltransferase-independent mechanisms. (axonmedchem.com)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)

ZEB1 protein was also present in human fetal periventricular stem and progenitor cells and ZEB1 inhibition impaired migration of in vitro propagated human neural stem cells. (cardiff.ac.uk)

A higher proportion of CD34 + cells (∼ 20%) could be derived from hPSCs by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and activation of bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP4) signaling. (ashpublications.org)
Our results suggest that combined modulation of signaling pathways may be an efficient means of differentiating hPSCs into functional CD34 + progenitor cells. (ashpublications.org)
Some studies have shown that the small molecule inhibitors (SB431542 and Noggin) against TGFβ/BMP signaling results in rapid neural conversion of hPSCs. (creative-biolabs.com)
The hPSCs-based neural rosettes have been widely used as models for the research of neural tube development as well as neural differentiation in vitro . (creative-biolabs.com)

Dr Bayraktutan is the Chief investigator of the Dunhill Medical Trust EPC study investigating the specific effect of ageing on the circulatory level and functional aspects of endothelial progenitor cells as well as the diagnostic and prognostic value of endothelial progenitor cells in elderly patients with lacunar or cortical stroke. (nottingham.ac.uk)
During this first year, we have made considerable headway in the optimization of the human interneuron precursor differentiation protocol, verified functional engraftment of these cells in mice, and begun to collect dose, safety and efficacy data for rodent-derived interneuron transplantation. (ca.gov)
Conclusions These findings provide insight into better understanding the role and complexity of myeloid cells in the brain, including their regulation of other CNS cells and functional outcomes. (scite.ai)

Neuron-glia relationship during granule cell migration in developing cerebellar cortex. (wikipedia.org)
We compared alternative procedures by testing MGE marker expression, and we developed additional tests to measure cell division and migration of MGE cell made from hESCs. (ca.gov)
Expression of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway protein was increased in the liver of BMSCS-CCR2 group, while cell migration was decreased after treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. (academic-accelerator.com)

In vertebrates, the ventricular zone (VZ) is a transient embryonic layer of tissue containing neural stem cells, principally radial glial cells, of the central nervous system (CNS). (wikipedia.org)
Transient inhibition of the ERK pathway prevents cerebellar developmental defects and improves long-term motor functions in murine models of neurofibromatosis type 1. (health.mil)
Increased levels of phosphatase activity were observed following 8 h treatment, suggesting that organophosphate-induced neurite retraction in N2a cells is associated with early transient increases in NFH phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation. (ntu.ac.uk)
Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)

Drosophila Caspase transduce Shaggy/GSK-3beta activity in neural precursor development. (okano-lab.com)
In order for the brain to function normally, there needs to be a balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity in neural networks. (iflscience.com)

ERK inhibition rescues defects in fate specification of Nf1-deficient neural progenitors and brain abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)

Tissue engineering and cell therapy approaches aim to take advantage of the repopulating ability and plasticity of multipotent stem cells to regenerate lost or diseased tissue. (tau.ac.il)
Cardiac neural crest cells as dormant multipotent stem cells, identified as side population cells. (okano-lab.com)

Transcription factors (nurr1, pitx3 and lmx1a) that promote embryonic mouse or chicken dopaminergic development were employed to determine if they would modulate lineage restriction of these adult human progenitors. (scirp.org)
Using loss-of-function and overexpression assays in zebrafish, we demonstrate that Id2a levels modulate retinoblast cell cycle kinetics and thereby influence neuron and glia formation in the retina. (biologists.com)
The molecular substrates of this integration are poorly understood, but likely modulate neural plasticity and gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)

The understanding of secondary neurulation presents great potentials for the prevention of caudal neural tube defects. (creative-biolabs.com)

Apoptotic cell death is induced by aberrant Aβ peptides and tau aggregates in the hippocampus and temporal lobe. (biomedcentral.com)
Although our results show that microglial replacement with peripheral derived myeloid cells is feasible and that irradiation-induced changes can be reversed by the replacement of microglia with monocytes in the hippocampus, we also observe that brain-wide engraftment of peripheral myeloid cells (relying on irradiation) can result in cognitive and synaptic deficits. (scite.ai)

This study explores the use of a simple human neurosphere-based in vitro model to characterise the pharmacological and toxicological effects of LiCl and VPA using gene expression changes linked to phenotypic alterations in cells. (plos.org)
Most DMRs were inside genes supporting neural development, synapse function, and other processes relevant to neural plasticity, and DMRs could affect gene expression in multiple ways. (biomedcentral.com)
Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

Human adult olfactory epithelium contains neural progenitors (hONPs) which replace damaged cellular components throughout life. (scirp.org)
Towards the therapeutic development of inhibitory neuron precursor transplantation for human neurological disorders, we have made significant progress in the differentiation of these cells from human ESCs and will complete optimization of this protocol. (ca.gov)
In this reporting period, we continued to improve the acquisition of migratory medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-type interneurons from human embryonic stem cells (hESC). (ca.gov)
As β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is an essential enzyme for the production of β-amyloid, BACE1 inhibition is currently being tested as a therapeutic strategy for AD in human clinical trials ( Vassar, 2014 ). (eneuro.org)
The main aims of this study were to investigate the effects of CPF and CPO on the stability of neurites in pre-differentiated mouse N2a neuroblastoma and human ReNcell CX neural stem cells, and to relate toxicity to the regulation of cytoskeletal proteins involved in neural differentiation. (ntu.ac.uk)
Human embryonic stem cells (hESc) can also be used to analyze the in vitro development from undifferentiated pluripotent cells leading to terminally differentiated cell types, recapitulating the process of early embryonic development [5] . (plos.org)
Indeed, both the hESc and human neuroprogenitor cell (hNPC) models provide valid and useful tools for studying DNT. (plos.org)
This will improve our capacity to how cells arrange into a continuous elongating neural tube to provide insight into the cause of defects in human neural tube. (edu.au)
Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. (axonmedchem.com)
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-based models hold great potential for the study of human neurological disease and disorders. (stemcell.com)
Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)
Increase of bone marrow-derived secretory lineage epithelial cells during regeneration in the human intestine. (okano-lab.com)
Silencing Integrin α6 Enhances the Pluripotency-Differentiation Transition in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. (academic-accelerator.com)
This approach could therefore micromass test, and the embryonic stem cell test (EST) provide a means to reduce the need for animal testing in human risk assessment practices. (cdc.gov)
In this investigation we sought to answer the question concerning the presence of mast cells in human and rat dental pulp tissues, under normal and inflammatory conditions. (bvsalud.org)
Studies using human samples have shown that such cells are present in dental pulps 1,2 whilst others have demonstrated the absence of those cells 3,4,5 . (bvsalud.org)

The system reaches homeostasis, with a depolarized core (proliferative cells) surrounded by a rim of polarized cells (non-proliferative in this condition). (nature.com)
Carcinogenesis is introduced through a localized event (a spot of depolarized cells) or by random depolarization of cells in the tissue, which returns cells to their initial proliferative state. (nature.com)

This simplified model of embryogenesis, tissue organization and carcinogenesis, based on non-excitable cells' bioelectric properties, can be made more realistic with the introduction of other components, like biochemical fields and mechanical interactions, which are fundamental for a more faithful representation of reality. (nature.com)
Background Microglia, the primary resident myeloid cells of brain, play critical roles in immune defense by maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury or disease. (scite.ai)
Recently, stage-specific embryonic kidney progenitor tissue was used to regenerate nephrons. (tau.ac.il)
The activation of these cells leads to the release of chemical mediators such as histamine and arachidonic acid metabolites, which increase vascular permeability and tissue swelling 9 . (bvsalud.org)

Transplantation of SCI-01 cells resulted in significant downregulation of TNF-α production at 10 and 14 days after SCI and in strong inhibition of p65 NF-κB activity at 28 days after SCI, mainly in the gray matter. (biomedcentral.com)
Optimization encompassed increasing MGE cell motility, enhancing MGE cell maturation into inhibitory nerve subtypes, and elimination of tumors post-transplantation into the rodent brain. (ca.gov)
The transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) alleviates neuropathology and improves cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer's disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell Transplantation 14: 673-682, 2005. (okano-lab.com)
Cell Transplantation 14: 655-663, 2005. (okano-lab.com)
This is the first time transplantation of inhibitory neuron progenitors has been used in aged Alzheimer's disease models," lead author Leslie Tong said in a news-release . (iflscience.com)

SUMOylation of linker histone H1 drives chromatin condensation and restriction of embryonic cell fate identity. (axonmedchem.com)
Statistically derived geometrical landscapes capture principles of decision-making dynamics during cell fate transitions. (axonmedchem.com)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)

Cell Reports, Available online 14 November 2023. (lu.se)

In addition, these cells are enriched for β1-integrin, are cytokeratin negative, and show minimal expression of surface markers that typically are found on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. (tau.ac.il)

Visualization of spatio-temporal activation of Notch signaling: live monitoring and significance in neural development. (okano-lab.com)

1 Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78722, USA. (biologists.com)

In vitro toxicity data of these metabolites derived in the development of validated and accepted in vitro and in silico embryonic stem cell test were used as input in the PBK model to extrapolate in vitro concentration-response curves to predicted approaches is urgently needed. (cdc.gov)

Using a rat compression model of SCI, we transplanted SPC-01 cells or injected saline into the lesion 7 days after SCI induction. (biomedcentral.com)
High content analysis of immunofluorescently stained N2a cells showed that the induction of neurite retraction by both compounds was concentration-dependent. (ntu.ac.uk)

In this study, Sur8 was severely repressed in the course of neural progenitor cell (NPC) differentiation in the cerebral cortex of developing rat embryos. (elsevierpure.com)

Furthermore, we demonstrated that the injected hPSC-MGE cells functionally matured into inhibitory nerves with advanced physiological properties that integrated into the rodent brain. (ca.gov)

In response to released cytokines from immune cells, perilesional astrocytes modify their phenotype and form the glial scar composed of astrocytes and a dense extracellular matrix within weeks following SCI [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we describe a completely novel role for natriuretic peptide signaling in the control of neural crest (NC) and cranial placode (CP) progenitors formation. (gene-tools.com)
[ 2 ] As neuroendocrine carcinomas were thought to be of neural crest origin, in 1978 Tang and Toker proposed that this carcinoma might be derived from Merkel cells. (medscape.com)
With the advent of improved immunohistochemical profiling, the tumor was reclassified as Merkel cell carcinoma because shared epithelial and neuroendocrine markers, along with ultrastructural features suggestive of neural crest origin, were observed in both the constituent tumor cell and the physiologic Merkel cell of the skin. (medscape.com)
Merkel cells were thought to be of neural crest origin because they are excitable cells that secrete neuropeptides and stain positively for neuroendocrine markers. (medscape.com)
Other suggested cells of origin include the neural crest‒derived cell of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system, dermal fibroblasts, pre or pro B cells, residual epidermal stem cells, and epithelial, non-Merkel cell progenitors. (medscape.com)

Transcription factor expression and the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were detected in the transfected cells after 4 month-selection with G418, indicating transfected hONPs were stably restricted towards a dopaminergic lineage. (scirp.org)

With determination of the cell of origin and mechanism of action for OPG development, the team investigated MEK inhibition as a potential preventative treatment for OPG. (health.mil)
Besides, the mechanism of neural rosettes formation relates to secondary neurulation rather than that of primary neurulation. (creative-biolabs.com)

James Miller introduced the living systems theory 4 , where each system must include a number of critical subsystems, dealing with their structure, interaction, behavior and development, that can be applied from simple cells to full organisms. (nature.com)
In vitro, they are plastic adherent and slowly proliferating and result in inhibition of alloreactive CD8 + T cells, indicative of an immuneprivileged behavior. (tau.ac.il)
Working with older animals can be challenging from a technical standpoint, and it was amazing to see that the cells not only survived but affected activity and behavior. (iflscience.com)

findings suggest that partial, rather than full, BACE1 inhibition may have a higher therapeutic benefit to counter the neurodegenerative effects of AD. (eneuro.org)

This alters the way the body processes glucose, as well as inflammation and fat cell production. (operationmilitarykids.org)
CONCLUSIONS Propofol relieves MIRI and inflammation, reduces the level of oxidative stress and represses I/R-induced myocardial cell apoptosis in MIRI rats by inhibiting the activity of the Rho/Rock signaling pathway. (academic-accelerator.com)
Mast cells play an important role in a variety of biological processes including allergic reactions, atherosclerosis and inflammation 7,8 . (bvsalud.org)

Prognostic, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Patients with Ischaemic Stroke: hype or hope BIOCELL. (nottingham.ac.uk)
However, microglial activation and dysfunction has been implicated in a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, thus developing tools to manipulate and replace these myeloid cells in CNS is of therapeutic interest. (scite.ai)

Within skin, Merkel cells have also been shown to cluster in the basal layers of the interfollicular epidermis in specialized epithelial structures called touch domes, where they are juxtaposed with epidermal keratinocytes. (medscape.com)

Canonical NF-κB pathway activation underlines much of the immune response after SCI including cytokine, chemokine, and apoptosis-related factor production as well as immune cell activation and infiltration. (biomedcentral.com)
There is a signal crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis, which may be regulated to produce synergistic effect on the preconditioning of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Neural rosettes refer to radially organized cellular structures. (creative-biolabs.com)
This research program will use organoid technology combined with cutting-edge transcriptomics techniques to understand the cellular processes driving neural tube elongation. (edu.au)
Thus, it has been argued that the observed bivalency simply reflects cellular heterogeneity arising from the averaging of cells that carry either, but not both, marks at a given locus (Fig. 2). (researchgate.net)

To track glial cell types and characterize cell growth during early development, Dr. Zhu developed several GEM models, which target NF1 loss into the local astrocyte lineage, and/or migrating GPs. (health.mil)

It is the developmental characteristic of neural progenitor cells in differentiated embryonic stem cell cultures. (creative-biolabs.com)
Even as they secrete neuropeptides, Merkel cells additionally express intermediate filaments characteristic of primitive and simple epithelia such as cytokeratin (CK) 8, CK18, and CK20. (medscape.com)

These data define a unique phenotype for adult kidney-derived cells, which have potential as stem cells and may contribute to the regeneration of injured kidneys. (tau.ac.il)
Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on CNS Regeneration from Endogenous CNS Stem Cells. (okano-lab.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes13

Neurons21

Neuronal13

Pluripotent stem8

Proliferation12

Differentiation of neural1

Vitro and in vivo1

Populations6

Neurogenesis4

Vivo3

20221

Regenerative medicine2

Spinal8

Parkinson's Disease3

Differentiate2

Precursors4

Excitation4

Regulates1

Cyclooxygenase2

Self-renewal2

Fetal1

HPSCs4

Functional3

Migration3

Transient4

Activity in neural2

Rescues1

Multipotent Stem2

Modulate3

Tube defects1

Hippocampus2

Gene expression4

Human16

Proliferative2

Tissue4

Transplantation6

Fate5

20231

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem1

Notch1

Developmental Biology1

Embryonic stem cell1

Induction2

Cerebral cortex1

Inhibitory1

Extracellular1

Crest5

Dopaminergic1

Mechanism2

Behavior3

Neurodegenerative1

Inflammation3

Therapeutic2

Epithelial1

Apoptosis2

Cellular3

Glial cell1

Characteristic2

Regeneration2