• Proto-oncogene c-KIT is the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase protein known as tyrosine-protein kinase KIT, CD117 (cluster of differentiation 117) or mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR). (wikipedia.org)
  • Signaling through KIT plays a role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules are markers on the cell surface, as recognized by specific sets of antibodies, used to identify the cell type, stage of differentiation and activity of a cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • We examined hematopoietic stem cells at four stages of differentiation, lineage-committed progenitors, and mature myeloid and lymphoid cells. (nih.gov)
  • The telomerase-expressing somatic cells observed in this study are not thought to be immortal, and expression was not correlated with cell cycle distribution or differentiation state. (nih.gov)
  • A variety of cytokines act synergistically with SCF to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • For example, SCF plus IL-7 can stimulate the combined myeloid and B cell differentiation of uncommitted hematopoietic progenitor cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Hierarchical differentiation competence in response to retinoic acid ensures stem cell maintenance during mouse spermatogenesis. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Combined signaling through interleukin-7 receptors and Flt3 selectively promotes B-cell commitment and differentiation from uncommitted murine bone marrow progenitor cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a member of the CSF family of glycoproteins that regulate hematopoietic cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. (stemcell.com)
  • Aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) exhibit compromised reconstitution capacity and differentiation-bias towards myeloid lineage, however, the molecular mechanism behind it remains not fully understood. (haematologica.org)
  • 1 , 2 During aging, the function of HSC declines, featured as compromised reconstitution capacity and differentiation skewing towards myeloid line-age. (haematologica.org)
  • Multiple cytokines can synergize to stimulate the in vitro proliferation and exclusive myeloid differentiation of multipotent bone marrow progenitor cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • SCF in combination with interleukin-7 (IL-7) can also stimulate the combined myeloid and B-cell differentiation of uncommitted hematopoietic progenitor cells as well as the growth of early B-cell progenitor cells, although the involvement of c-kit in early B lymphopoiesis remains controversial. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Several models are proposed to describe the development and differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs). (origene.com)
  • In this proposal, we seek to evaluate the integration of K562/GM-CSF vaccination with systemic therapies for MDS that alter host immunity and/or hematopoietic cellular differentiation. (acgtfoundation.org)
  • Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine FLT3LG and regulates differentiation, proliferation and survival of hematopoietic progenitor cells and of dendritic cells. (cusabio.com)
  • Sequential rounds of division and differentiation give rise to an enormous amplification of cell numbers, necessary for the production of mature blood cells. (justia.com)
  • This process of division and differentiation is subject to regulation at many levels to control cell production. (justia.com)
  • The cancer cells that emerge are referred to as blasts and share biological features from these disease-specific alterations and patterns associated with differentiation and the tumor cell of origin. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Both tumor entities harboring FLT3-ITDs or IDH1 mutations showed a more complex composition of cell types along the myeloid differentiation trajectory than MLL fusions. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • This indicates a partial differentiation of AML cells that treatment might induce. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells capable of self-renewal and exhibit multilineage differentiation properties. (techscience.com)
  • Enhanced expression of IL-6, IGF-1, TGF-β, and VEGF has also been observed in LC treated BMSCc+ groups, suggested the cardiac differentiation of BMSCc+, and can be utilized in tissue engineering for cardiac cell therapy. (techscience.com)
  • IFNγ exerts immunoregulatory, anti-proliferative, anti-viral, and proinflammatory activities and plays an important role in activation, growth, and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells and other non-hematopoietic cell types. (bioxcell.com)
  • Following COVID-19, HSPC retain epigenomic alterations that are conveyed, through differentiation, to progeny innate immune cells. (phoenixrising.me)
  • Epigenomic changes vary with disease severity, persist for months to a year, and are associated with increased myeloid cell differentiation and inflammatory or antiviral programs. (phoenixrising.me)
  • Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
  • A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
  • Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
  • Objective: To establish cultures of cells from the pulp of permanent teeth by the explant method assessing parameters usually presented by stem cells, such as the expression of certain markers and the differentiation ability into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, cells were assessed for multi-differentiation potential. (bvsalud.org)
  • Similarly, the cells showed differentiation ability into all three lineages of cells tested. (bvsalud.org)
  • The isolated cells may be considered stem cells, based on the current criteria for their characterization, such as plastic adherence, expression of certain markers, and the absence of others, as well as multi-differentiation potential, which showed to be promising for the application in tissue regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we observed that the expression of pseudouridine (Ψ) synthase 10 is increased in aged hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and enforced protein of Ψ synthase 10 (PUS10) recapitulates the phenotype of aged HSC, which is not achieved by its Ψ synthase activity. (haematologica.org)
  • WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
  • A) The biological activity of Human Recombinant G-CSF, ACF was tested by its ability to promote the proliferation of mouse NFS-60 cells. (stemcell.com)
  • Cell proliferation was measured using a fluorometric assay method. (stemcell.com)
  • The EC50 is defined as the effective concentration of the cytokine at which cell proliferation is at 50% of maximum. (stemcell.com)
  • The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal neoplastic hematologic disorders characterized by varying degrees of bone marrow failure, abnormal hematopoiesis, and proliferation of myeloid blast cells. (acgtfoundation.org)
  • Mutations that cause constitutive kinase activity promote cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis via the activation of multiple signaling pathways. (cusabio.com)
  • It is mainly characterized by abnormal proliferation of primitive and immature myeloid cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Rasburicase prevents the crystals crystallization in the kidney, one of the most toxic ramifications of the fast proliferation of leukemia cells [13]. (techblessing.com)
  • The bcr-abl oncoprotein has uncontrolled tyrosine kinase activity, which deregulates cellular proliferation, decreases adherence of leukemia cells to the bone marrow stroma, and protects leukemic cells from normal programmed cell death (apoptosis). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Interleukin-3, which promotes the proliferation of both pluripotent stem cells and unipotent progenitor cells. (wikilectures.eu)
  • Materials and method: The pulp tissue, obtained from wisdom teeth, was placed in a 6-well plate containing proper culture medium, and stored at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for cell proliferation and plastic adherence. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion: Our results suggest that the explant method - or cell proliferation method - is suitable for the isolation and culture of stem cells from dental pulp of permanent teeth. (bvsalud.org)
  • ABSTRACT This study examined haematopoietic stem cells of 19 high-risk cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals and cellular proliferation and correlated these with clinical and cytogenetic subtypes, particularly trisomy 8. (who.int)
  • Depending on the degree of bone marrow damage (i.e., suppression), patients who undergo cytoreductive therapy must also receive therapy to reconstitute bone marrow function (hematopoiesis). (justia.com)
  • In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), initiation of tumorigenesis via multiple oncogenic mutations occurs throughout various stages of hematopoiesis that disrupt the corresponding transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The results agreed with differential gene expression highlighting many TFs that play a critical role in hematopoiesis, endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, or leukemic stem cell activation. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • AML is normally a malignancy arising inside the bone tissue marrow, where leukemia cells proliferate uncontrollably in colaboration with a disruption of regular hematopoiesis or bloodstream cell creation. (techblessing.com)
  • Sufferers with AML generally present due to problems of disordered hematopoiesis: blood loss, fatigue, refractory attacks, or the scientific consequences of an exceptionally high white bloodstream cell count number: difficulty respiration, confusion, or various other symptoms of body organ failing. (techblessing.com)
  • The bone marrow is the main site for hematopoiesis , the process of new blood cells forming via the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) dividing and differentiating. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • We reveal that rare circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), enriched from human blood, match the diversity of HSPC in bone marrow, enabling investigation of hematopoiesis and HSPC epigenomics. (phoenixrising.me)
  • Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
  • In 30-50% of patients, the lymphoblasts infiltrate bone marrow, causing ineffective hematopoiesis. (medscape.com)
  • Signaling through SCF/c-Kit has an important role in stimulating myeloid and erythroid production of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • It is expressed on early B lymphoid lineage cells in bone marrow, on primitive myeloid progenitors within the BM CD34+ cell population. (biolegend.com)
  • Ligation of Flk-2 with Flt3 ligand regulates the growth of hematopoietic stem cells and promotes the survival of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells with myeloid as well as B lymphoid potential. (biolegend.com)
  • Regulate the growth of hematopoietic stem cells and promote the survival of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. (biolegend.com)
  • The ligand for c-kit (stem cell factor [SCF]) plays a key role in stimulating myeloid and erythroid cell production of primitive hematopoietic progenitors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, in the present study we have employed a sensitive reporter-based approach to demonstrate that Pf4-Cre also recombines in a significant proportion of both fetal liver and bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), including the most primitive fraction containing the long-term repopulating HSCs. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, we show for the first time that Pf4 transcripts are present in adult HSCs and primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • To identify regulators of primitive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, we performed a high-content cytokine screen using primary CD34 + CD38 low chronic phase CML cells. (haematologica.org)
  • Focusing on novel positive regulators of primitive CML cells, the myostatin antagonist myostatin propeptide gave the largest increase in cell expansion and was chosen for further studies. (haematologica.org)
  • Herein, we demonstrate that myostatin propeptide expands primitive CML and normal BM cells, as shown by increased colony-forming capacity. (haematologica.org)
  • In summary, we identify myostatin propeptide as a novel positive regulator of primitive CML cells and corresponding normal hematopoietic cells. (haematologica.org)
  • 2 1 There is growing evidence to suggest that primitive CML cells affect the bone marrow (BM) niche, contributing to deregulated cytokine levels. (haematologica.org)
  • Comparing the cell surface expression on NPM1-mutated AML cells to primitive (CD34+ CD38-) normal bone marrow cells, we identified the complement receptor C3AR as specifically expressed in NPM1-mutated AML. (lu.se)
  • Bone marrow consists of stem cells, which are large, "primitive," undifferentiated cells supported by fibrous tissue called stroma. (medscape.com)
  • Mobilization is used clinically as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we show that systemic hematopoietic cell transplantation followed by enhancement of microglia replacement restores microglial function in a Trem2 mutant mouse model of AD. (stanford.edu)
  • Augmentation of a neuroprotective myeloid state by hematopoietic cell transplantation. (stanford.edu)
  • Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is under investigation as a promising therapy for treatment-refractory MS. Here we identify a reactive myeloid state in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mice and MS patients that is surprisingly associated with neuroprotection and immune suppression. (stanford.edu)
  • 4. Hodek M, Vávrová J, Šinkorová Z, Mokŕy J, Filip S. Hematopoietic recovery after transplantation CD117 + B220 - (LacZ + ) bone marrow cells in lethally irradiated mice. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Nevertheless, MDS are thought to be immunologically responsive diseases, as immunomodulatory drugs can induce remissions, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can be curative in the small fraction of patients for whom this is an option. (acgtfoundation.org)
  • Neupogen is indicated for the reduction in the duration of neutropenia and the incidence of febrile neutropenia in patients treated with established cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignancy (with the exception of chronic myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes) and for the reduction in the duration of neutropenia in patients undergoing myeloablative therapy followed by bone marrow transplantation considered to be at increased risk of prolonged severe neutropenia. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Many elderly patients cannot receive stem cell transplantation, so we hope that there can be a less toxic method to reduce disease recurrence, instead of just conducting medical observation and waiting for the disease to recur. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Therefore, hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into a subject's peripheral blood by the method of the invention is useful as a source of donor cells in bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including cancer, anemia, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. (justia.com)
  • Additional treatment wanting to combine remission into treatment, consolidation therapy, includes extra chemotherapy or bone tissue marrow stem cell transplantation (SCT). (techblessing.com)
  • Myelosuppressive drugs (eg, hydroxyurea), stem cell transplantation, and interferon alfa are also sometimes used. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Stem cell transplantation is performed after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) to restore a cancer patient's blood and immune cell production capacity. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 30,000 patients with blood-related malignancies receive HDC, which, if the response is satisfactory, could subsequently be followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 1 Improvements in transplantation techniques, including the wider use of cell selection, have contributed to a significant reduction in the morbidity and mortality associated with conventional transplantation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 3 Autologous stem cell transplantation almost exclusively uses peripheral blood, while for allogeneic SCT, T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood could pose some danger. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The number of viable CD45+/CD34+ cells will determine the quality of the harvested specimen for transplantation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • An accurate measurement of CD34 is critical for dose requirement protocols in stem cell transplantation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used in children as a definitive treatment for various oncological, immune deficiencies, hemoglobinopathy, and malignancies diseases that involve the hematological system, congenital metabolism disorders, among others. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bone Marrow Transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation not responded to other therapeutic modalities, with (HSCT) is used in children as a definitive treatment an increase in survival after transplantation, for different oncological, immune deficiencies, contributing to its use (YEILIPEK, 2014). (bvsalud.org)
  • We also demonstrate that C3AR in combination with GPR56 distinguishes the leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in NPM1-mutated AML from the normal hematopoietic stem cells, defining the LSC population, as shown by transplantation into immunodeficient mice. (lu.se)
  • The essence of MDS is damage of In the current work we examined All our patients were of the high-risk colony-forming units [4], but the defect haematopoietic stem cells of high-risk group and none of them was eligible of the haematopoietic stem cells is not MDS cases for apoptotic and anti-apop- for stem cell transplantation. (who.int)
  • We used G-CSF-mobilized CD34 + HSPCs, FACS-sorted from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (hindawi.com)
  • Neupogen is indicated for the mobilisation of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs). (medicines.org.uk)
  • Improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein for mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood, comprising the administration of an effective amount of an inhibitor of GTPases, such as Rac1 and Rac2 alone or in combination. (justia.com)
  • Specifically, methods are disclosed for mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood. (justia.com)
  • In particular, embodiments of the method involve inhibition of both Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases to increase the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood of a subject. (justia.com)
  • The present invention relates generally to improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions for mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell from bone marrow into peripheral blood by administration of at least one inhibitor of a GTPase, such as Rac1 and/or Rac2 GTPase. (justia.com)
  • In such procedures, patients undergo successive treatments with cell mobilization agents to cause mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation for harvesting. (justia.com)
  • AML is a heterogenous disease characterized by uncontrolled clonal expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells (myeloid blasts) in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and other tissues and is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. (survivornet.com)
  • I established and adjusted the experimental and bioinformatic procedures to generate reproducible and scalable data by scRNA/ATAC-seq of peripheral blood and bone marrow biopsies from AML patients. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Peripheral blood smear, bone marrow aspirate, and demonstration of the Philadelphia chromosome are diagnostic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 2 HSCs are primarily found in bone marrow niches, but a small fraction of HSCs can also be found in the peripheral blood. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 3 Following exogenous stimulation, such as chemotherapy or using growth factors such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and filgrastim, the number of HSCs in the peripheral blood increases, either becoming on par or even exceeding the number in the bone marrow. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The allogeneic HSCT was the most frequently performed (57.14%) and the most used source of Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) was the peripheral blood (54.29%) and 5.71% of these patients developed the Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD), of which one was affected by acute GVHD and another by chronic GVHD. (bvsalud.org)
  • Activating mutations in this gene are associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, testicular seminoma, mast cell disease, melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia, while inactivating mutations are associated with the genetic defect piebaldism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Culture of sorted bone marrow populations on stromal cells secreting interleukin-7 or in fetal thymic organ cultures showed that B and T lymphoid progenitors were also present in the lacZhigh and lacZint fractions. (ozgene.com)
  • MyeloCult™ media have been developed for the long-term culture of hematopoietic progenitor cells in association with adherent stromal cells. (stemcell.com)
  • In this assay hematopoietic cells are cultured in MyeloCult™ medium with supportive human or mouse stromal cell layers and tested for their ability to generate myeloid clonogenic progenitors for several weeks as assayed by replating the cells in a colony-forming unit (CFU) assay using MethoCult™ medium. (stemcell.com)
  • Establish stromal cell layers and culture hematopoietic progenitors in "Dexter-type" long-term bone marrow cultures. (stemcell.com)
  • Stromal cell feeder layers (e.g. (stemcell.com)
  • The bone marrow niche includes cells belonging to the stroma, which includes mesenchymal stromal cells , adipocytes (fat cells), nerve cells, connective tissue cells, and cells involved in bone formation and remodeling. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Mesenchymal stromal cells can divide and differentiate into a number of cell types, including bone, cartilage, and adipocytes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The present study found that aged mice showed a decrease in the population of mesenchymal stromal cells and osteoprogenitor cells that are involved in bone formation in the endosteum. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In contrast, there was an increase in the number of mesenchymal stromal cells in the central marrow of aged mice. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Furthermore, we show expression of MSTN by CML mesenchymal stromal cells, and that myostatin propeptide has a direct and instant effect on CML cells, independent of myostatin, by demonstrating binding of myostatin propeptide to the cell surface and increased phosphorylation of STAT5 and SMAD2/3. (haematologica.org)
  • The bone marrow is made of many cells as well as fat cells (stromal cells), forming rich connective tissue. (wikilectures.eu)
  • Progenitor cell (stem cell) lines in the bone marrow produce new blood cells and stromal cells. (medscape.com)
  • One type of stem cell is involved in producing blood cells and the other is involved in producing stromal cells, which are responsible for the supporting stroma. (medscape.com)
  • In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. (mdpi.com)
  • In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
  • IFNγ is primarily produced by activated lymphocytes including T, B, NK cells, and ILCs. (bioxcell.com)
  • Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
  • T lymphocytes originate via lymphoid stem cells that migrate to the thymus and differentiate under the influence of the thymic hormones thymopoietin and thymosin. (medscape.com)
  • HCT in EAE mice leads to an enhancement of this myeloid state, as well as clinical improvement, reduction of demyelinated lesions, suppression of cytotoxic T cells, and amelioration of reactive astrogliosis reflected in reduced expression of EAE-associated gene signatures in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. (stanford.edu)
  • T cells in cryptopatch aggregates share TCR γ variable region junctional sequences with γδ T cells in the small intestinal epithelium of mice. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Splenectomy influences homing of transplanted stem cells in bone marrow-ablated mice. (southernbiotech.com)
  • The AML that developed from these different cells of origin had different penetrance and aggressiveness when engrafted in mice, with the stem cell-derived lines being the most aggressive and the committed progenitor lines the least. (news-medical.net)
  • No significant alteration of hematopoietic homeostasis and HSC function is observed in young Pus10-/- mice, while aged Pus10-/- mice exhibit mild alteration of hematopoietic homeostasis and HSC function. (haematologica.org)
  • In humans and mice, conventional dendritic cells are divided into two main subtypes: cDC1 and cDC2, each with distinct functions and markers [2]. (origene.com)
  • In mice, they express the cell surface protein XCR1, while in humans, they can be identified by the presence of CD141 (or BDCA-3). (origene.com)
  • To study the functional properties of hematopoietic cells expressing SCL, we have generated mutant mice (SCLlacZ/w) in which the Escherichia coli lacZ reporter gene has been "knocked in" to the SCL locus, thereby linking beta-galactosidase expression to transcription from the SCL promoter. (ozgene.com)
  • Bone marrow cells from heterozygous SCLlacZ/w mice were sorted into fractions expressing high, intermediate and low levels of beta-galactosidase (designated lacZhigh, lacZint, and lacZneg). (ozgene.com)
  • Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
  • A recent study in mice shows that aging is linked to the inflammation of cells in the bone marrow. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A recent study conducted in mice shows that blocking the receptor for the proinflammatory protein IL-1 using the FDA-approved rheumatoid arthritis drug Anakinra may attenuate the deficits in the functioning of hematopoietic stem cells due to aging. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In the present study, the researchers performed several analysis in the hindlimb, forelimb, and pelvic bones from young and old mice to examine the impact of aging on the interaction between the bone marrow niche and hematopoietic cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Injection of IFN-gamma into tumor-bearing mice or transgenic overexpression of Ncr1 in NK cells in mice resulted in decreased metastasis formation. (bioxcell.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone-marrow-derived immune cells found in blood, lymphoid organs, and various tissue of the body. (origene.com)
  • Unlike other immune cells, dendritic cells are not just a single entity, but a complex assortment of subtypes with varying functions. (origene.com)
  • These subtypes include conventional dendritic cells (cDC1 and cDC2), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), and Langerhans cells (LCs). (origene.com)
  • Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), also known as myeloid dendritic cells or classical dendritic cells, are a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC), cDCs originate from hematopoietic stem cells, specifically from the common myeloid progenitor in the bone marrow. (origene.com)
  • The maturation pathway involves several stages, with differentiating cells passing through a monocyte-like stage before fully maturing into dendritic cells. (origene.com)
  • Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), are round plasma-shaped cells specialized for the production of large amounts of type I and type III interferon in response to viral infection. (origene.com)
  • The ligand stem cell factor binds via the second and third immunoglobulin domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present study, the flt3-ligand (FL), which, in combination with other cytokines, has overlapping activities with SCF on myeloid cell production from uncommitted progenitors, was investigated for its ability to induce selective stroma-independent B-cell commitment from uncommitted Lin-Sca-1+ bone marrow progenitor cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
  • Mechanistically, stimulation of C3AR-expressing cells with C3a, the ligand of C3AR, leads to activation of ERK1/2 and increased survival of AML cells, suggesting that this is an important signaling axis in this subtype of AML. (lu.se)
  • 50 cells), whereas the combined stimulation with FL and IL-7 resulted in clonal growth of 10% of Lin-Sca-1+ bone marrow cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thought to be disorders of hematopoietic stem cells, clonal cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently identified. (acgtfoundation.org)
  • A better comprehension of cellular hierarchies, epigenetic effects, clonal evolution, and their impact on gene regulation might help to understand disease progression, stratify patient risk, and help to improve the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies in the future. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) occurs when a pluripotent stem cell undergoes malignant transformation and clonal myeloproliferation, leading to a striking overproduction of mature and immature granulocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1 The BCR-ABL1 fusion protein is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and triggers a cascade of aberrant downstream signaling pathways leading to clonal outgrowth of CML cells and subsequent disease manifestation. (haematologica.org)
  • Recommended Dilution: Flow Cytometry: Use 10ul to label 10e6 cells. (biosave.com)
  • 2 Evaluation of harvest adequacy requires the use of reliable progenitor cell assays and this is usually achieved by CD34 cell counting using flow cytometry. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 6 Fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies directed against CD34 molecule can be used to identify CD34+ cells by flow cytometry. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Herein, we performed an arrayed flow cytometry-based screen directed to 362 cell surface markers. (lu.se)
  • By flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing, we further show that normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells lack detectable C3AR gene and protein expression, making it particularly suitable as a target for antibody therapy. (lu.se)
  • Cells were tested for the expression of surface markers and for ALDH1 enzyme activity, by flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: The isolated cells showed high expression of CD44 (98.8%), CD73 (100%), and CD90 (97.2%), and moderate expression of STRO-1 (18.4%) and ALDH1 (16.2%), by flow cytometry. (bvsalud.org)
  • Normally, potentially malignant cells are continuously eliminated by the immune system, but cancer cells can accumulate certain mutations, which allow them to escape these mechanisms [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
  • CAR-modified immune cells are expanded until sufficient cell numbers are attained and are adoptively transferred into the patient to fight malignant cells. (nature.com)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of myeloid hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Sequencing methods that analyze the transcriptome (scRNA-seq) and epigenome (scATAC-seq) are ideally suited to resolve tumor cell heterogeneity as well as non-malignant cell types in the microenvironment. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Cell type prediction revealed extensive malignant cell diversity and a phenotype skewed towards stem- and progenitor-like populations in MLL-EDC4 leukemic cells. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The relative abundance of different malignant cell types discovered varied amongst tumors, with some having just two identities and others having a wide range of malignant cells. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) develops inside the bone tissue marrow from a malignant hematopoietic progenitor cell. (techblessing.com)
  • Загальні відомості про лейкоз Leukemia is a malignant condition involving the excess production of immature or abnormal leukocytes, which eventually suppresses the production of normal blood cells and results in symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In our study, we worked on cells derived from the CD34 + hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, enriched with CD133 + population, and used culture media promoting growth of hematopoietic progenitors. (hindawi.com)
  • Open-Label Phase II Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study of Romyelocel-L Myeloid Progenitor Cells to Reduce Infection During Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. (uchicago.edu)
  • Following induction and consolidation treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia the duration of treatment may be substantially longer (up to 38 days) depending on the type, dose and schedule of cytotoxic chemotherapy used. (medicines.org.uk)
  • They can also be used for increasing white blood cell survival and for chemotherapy. (justia.com)
  • This is defined by their ability to repopulate an individual whose hematopoietic system has been destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy. (justia.com)
  • After harvesting, the patient is given high dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy and the bone marrow function is reconstituted by infusion of the cells harvested earlier. (justia.com)
  • The use of high-dosage chemotherapy or radiotherapy for bone marrow ablation requires subsequent incorporation of hematopoietic stem cells into the patient, in which case prior harvesting of such cells is required. (justia.com)
  • For many hematopoietic malignancies, collection and infusion of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells following chemotherapy is critical. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In addition, whereas FL + IL-7 selectively stimulated the production of pro-B cells, SCF + IL-7 predominantly stimulated the production of mature granulocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 3. Åbrink M, Grujic M, Pejler G. Serglycin is essential for maturation of mast cell secretory granule. (southernbiotech.com)
  • The subject's blood can be processed and used to repopulate the destroyed lymphohematopoietic system of a recipient and may in the future be utilized to repair a variety of non-hematopoietic tissues. (justia.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells usually isolated from bone marrow, endometrium, adipose tissues, skin, and dental pulp. (techscience.com)
  • When the oxygen content of body tissues is low, if there is loss of blood or anemia, or if the number of red blood cells decreases, the kidneys produce and release erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. (medscape.com)
  • Over the last years, dentistry has been exploring the potential application of stem cells from different origins in the regeneration of oral tissues that were lost or damaged by disease or trauma 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Besides housing hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, the endosteum and the central marrow also contain distinct cell populations that express molecules or secrete proteins, such as cytokines that regulate the formation, development, and function of HSCs and progenitor cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The BD ® Stem Cell Enumeration (SCE) Kit provides simultaneous enumeration of viable dual-positive CD45+/CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell populations in CD34+ absolute counts (cells/µL) as well as the percentage of the total viable leucocyte count that is CD34+ (%CD34). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
  • Induction therapy, the original therapy designed to induce an illness remission, comprising DNA-damaging realtors (mostly cytarabine, a nucleoside analogue, coupled with an anthracycline such as for example daunorubicin), can often trigger apoptosis in a lot of the leukemic cells, & most sufferers obtain a remission. (techblessing.com)
  • There are other growth factors that only induce specific committed progenitor cells. (wikilectures.eu)
  • IFNγ has also been shown to modulate macrophage effector functions, influence isotype switching and induce the secretion of immunoglobulins by B cells. (bioxcell.com)
  • KIT is a cytokine receptor expressed on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells as well as other cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • When this receptor binds to stem cell factor (SCF) it forms a dimer that activates its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, that in turn phosphorylates and activates signal transduction molecules that propagate the signal in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CD117 (c-Kit) antigen is the cell-surface receptor for stem cell factor (SCF). (southernbiotech.com)
  • It was reported that the receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 is required for dendritic cell development. (biolegend.com)
  • In humans, pDCs can be identified by the expression of several specific cell surface proteins, including CD123 (the IL-3 receptor alpha chain), BDCA-2, and BDCA-4. (origene.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)
  • Classical " CARs consist of an extracellular binding domain mostly derived from a monoclonal antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment-scFv), which is linked to intracellular binding domains of the T-cell receptor complex. (nature.com)
  • Additionally, IFNγ induces the production of cytokines, Fc receptor, and adhesion molecules and up-regulates MHC class I and II antigen expression by antigen presenting cells during an immune response. (bioxcell.com)
  • The IFNγ receptor is expressed ubiquitously on almost all cell types with the exception of mature erythrocytes. (bioxcell.com)
  • 2018). "NKp46 Receptor-Mediated Interferon-gamma Production by Natural Killer Cells Increases Fibronectin 1 to Alter Tumor Architecture and Control Metastasis" Immunity 48(1): 107-119 e104. (bioxcell.com)
  • We demonstrated that signaling via the NK cell receptor NKp46 (human) and Ncr1 (mouse) induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion from intratumoral NK cells. (bioxcell.com)
  • γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)
  • We assayed telomerase activity in single cells of the hematopoietic and immune systems. (nih.gov)
  • First discovered by Ralph Steinman and Zanvil A. Cohn in the 1970s, named for their tree-like branches or "dendrites", these cells patrol our bodies, ingest pathogens, process them, and present fragments (antigens) to T-cells, thus initiating a targeted immune response [2]. (origene.com)
  • cDC2: These cells are specialized in presenting antigens to CD4+ T cells, a type of helper T cell that helps coordinate the immune response. (origene.com)
  • Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. (nature.com)
  • Cancer immunotherapies aim to support or boost the patient's immune system to enable the effective clearance of cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, the so-called adapter CARs have been developed by splitting antigen recognition and CAR-immune cell activation. (nature.com)
  • The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
  • Prior to infusion of the CAR-modified immune cells, lymphodepletion is performed in most therapeutic settings to allow efficient cell engraftment [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
  • Evidence exists that immune activation against hematopoietic elements frequently occurs in MDS patients, based on the identification of lymphocytic infiltrates in the marrow, oligoclonal expansion of T cells, and excessive production of tumor necrosis factor alpha. (acgtfoundation.org)
  • γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. (explorationpub.com)
  • This review further emphasizes the diversified cross-talk between γδ T cells and other immune cells. (explorationpub.com)
  • It is hoped that the host immune status can be accurately predicted and gradually advance γδ T cell precise individualized medicine. (explorationpub.com)
  • Robust systemic inflammation may trigger persistent changes in hematopoietic cells and innate immune memory through epigenetic mechanisms. (phoenixrising.me)
  • I could demonstrate that leukemic cells could be successfully distinguished from the microenvironment based on marker gene annotation from the human cell atlas and ploidy inference. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Therefore, an in-depth understanding of γδ T cells that play conflicting roles in the tumor microenvironment is necessary. (explorationpub.com)
  • Mobilization is the process by which progenitors are made to migrate from the bone marrow into the bloodstream, thus increasing their numbers in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plerixafor (an antagonist of CXCR4-SDF1) in combination with G-CSF, is also being used for mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • leading to the release or mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow into the periphery. (stemcell.com)
  • The success of treatment crucially depends on the mobilization of the bone marrow stem cells, the subsequent return of which permits the patient to achieve reconstitution of a functioning hematopoietic system. (justia.com)
  • In many cases, successfully mobilization is not effected in the patient and inadequate numbers of hematopoietic stem cells are harvested from these patients using current methods. (justia.com)
  • Quantitating the CD34+ cell population can also be useful during mobilization as well as for determining the optimal timing of apheresis sessions to make sure that enough CD34+ cells have been harvested. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CML ensues when an abnormal pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cell initiates excessive production of all myeloid lineage cells, primarily in the bone marrow but also in extramedullary sites (eg, spleen, liver). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Phenotyping showed that greater than 99% of the cells produced were of the B-cell lineage, in that they expressed B220, but not cell surface markers specific for myeloid, erythroid, or T-cell lineages. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cells that were lacZhigh or lacZint were enriched for day 12 spleen colony-forming units and myeloid and erythroid colony-forming cells (CFCs). (ozgene.com)
  • These fractions included >99% of the erythroid and >90% of the myeloid CFCs. (ozgene.com)
  • Our data also suggested that expression of SCL was transient and confined to hematopoietic stem and/or progenitor cells, because the differentiated progeny of most lineages (except the erythroid) were beta-galactosidase-negative. (ozgene.com)
  • To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
  • The frequency of telomerase-expressing cells within each population was proportional to the frequency of cells thought to have self-renewal potential. (nih.gov)
  • True stem cells are both pluripotent-that is they can give rise to all cell types-and capable of self-renewal. (justia.com)
  • A pluripotent stem cell can generate more stem cells (self-renewal) or differentiate into lymphoid or myeloid stem cells, becoming committed progenitor cells/unipotent stem cells. (wikilectures.eu)
  • We have developed a genetically modified tumor cell vaccine for the treatment of myeloid malignancies. (acgtfoundation.org)
  • Aberrantly expressed cytokines in the bone marrow (BM) niche are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of survival and expansion of leukemic stem cells. (haematologica.org)
  • Out of the 313 unique human cytokines evaluated, 11 were found to expand cell numbers ≥2-fold in a 7-day culture. (haematologica.org)
  • Cytokines are essential for the function and maintenance of cells, and altered cytokine levels influence not only leukemic cells, but also the normal HSC within the BM. (haematologica.org)
  • The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is present in 90 to 95% of cases of chronic myeloid leukemia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm caused by an acquired 9;22-chromosomal translocation in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) resulting in the expression of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. (haematologica.org)
  • Common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) express low surface levels of KIT. (wikipedia.org)
  • These data provide a functional correlation between SCL expression and colony-forming ability in immature hematopoietic cells. (ozgene.com)
  • CD34, a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein, is present on immature hematopoietic precursor cells and all hematopoietic colony-forming cells in bone marrow and blood, including unipotent and pluripotent progenitor cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Most CAR-T cell-based gene therapy products that are under clinical evaluation consist of autologous enriched T cells, whereas CAR-NK cell-based approaches can be generated from allogeneic donors. (nature.com)
  • The T-cell phenotype accounts for more than 80% of cases, with the remainder of B-cell origin. (medscape.com)
  • First, I characterized changes in the transcriptome and classified developmental stages of leukemic cells carrying MLL-EDC4 fusions along the hematopoietic stem cell to the myeloid trajectory compared to other MLL fusions. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Analysis from scRNA and scATAC V showed different FLT3 activity/chromatin signatures within clusters of leukemic cells in the relapse that could be explained by midostaurin resistance and the emergence of distinct subclones as detected by scDNA-seq. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphomas are neoplasms of precursor T cells and B cells or lymphoblasts. (medscape.com)
  • however, because lymphoblastic lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are known to represent the same disease entity, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification has unified these entities as precursor B-cell and T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. (medscape.com)
  • Although several subtypes of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma exist, early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is the only subtype recognized as an entity in the revised 2016 WHO tumor classification. (medscape.com)
  • Conditioned media from such cells were then used to stimulate human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) to enhance tube-like structure formation in a Matrigel assay. (hindawi.com)
  • Neither AT alone in control media nor conditioned media nor AT-stimulated cells affected numbers of endothelial cells in the plug or plug's vascularization. (hindawi.com)
  • The process of neovascularization can be influenced not only by the residual endothelial cells but also by the circulating cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Such myeloid angiogenic cells (MAC) [ 1 ] of bone marrow origin were known as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). (hindawi.com)
  • Cells previously known as endothelial progenitor cells are considered now to be rather myeloid angiogenic cells than endothelial precursors [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Endothelial progenitors should be devoid of hematopoietic markers and able to form vessels both in vitro and in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • In addition to hematopoietic cells, G-CSF is also expressed in cardiomyocytes, neuronal cells, mesothelial cells, and endothelial cells. (stemcell.com)
  • The endothelial cells that form the lining of these blood vessels are also a major part of the bone marrow niche. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • CEBPADM) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a combination of hypermorphic N-terminal mutations (CEBPANT), promoting expression of the leukemia-associated p30 isoform, and amorphic C-terminal mutations. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 1 ] ETP-ALL frequently has mutations in RUNX1 and/or ETV6 in addition to genes that are more commonly associated with myeloid neoplasms and are otherwise rare in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (such as FLT3 , IDH1/2 , TET2 , and DNMT3A mutations). (medscape.com)
  • Non-ETP subtypes of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, in contrast, are associated with activating NOTCH1 mutations in over half of all patients and an additional 10% to 15% of cases have FBXW7 mutations, which also result in increased NOTCH signaling. (medscape.com)
  • Our study is aimed at investigating whether precursors of myeloid angiogenic cells (PACs) treated with known pharmaceuticals would produce media with better proangiogenic activity in vitro and if such media can be used to stimulate blood vessel growth in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, the cells we used should be considered as hematopoietic precursors of myeloid angiogenic cells and are referred as PACs. (hindawi.com)
  • These results bear out indications in human data that the stage of a progenitor cell when it becomes transformed to leukemia has an impact on its clinical progression, with earlier-stage cell of origin cancers being more aggressive. (news-medical.net)
  • In this review, we are going to take a closer look at the commercial CAR-T cell therapies, as well as on CAR-T and CAR-NK cell products, which are currently under evaluation in clinical trials, that are being conducted in Germany. (nature.com)
  • In early phase clinical trials for both acute and chronic myeloid leukemias, we have observed the induction of anti-tumor immunity and associated clinical responses following K562/GM-CSF vaccination (see preliminary data). (acgtfoundation.org)
  • However, the clinical application of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells has certain limitations. (explorationpub.com)
  • Finally, it retrospectively analyze the activation strategies and clinical relevance of existing γδ T cell adoptive immunotherapies. (explorationpub.com)
  • The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)
  • C57 BL/6 bone marrow cells stained with CD45R/B220 APC+ CD11b APC and CD135 (clone A2F10) Brilliant Violet 421™ (top) or rat IgG2a, κ Brilliant Violet 421™ isotype control (bottom). (biolegend.com)
  • An autologous CAR-T or NK cell therapy comprises several steps as shown in Fig. 1 . (nature.com)
  • Concluding, high concentrations of atorvastatin stabilize tubes and enhance the paracrine angiogenic activity of human PAC cells in vitro . (hindawi.com)
  • CD117 and Stro-1 identify osteosarcoma tumor-initiating cells associated with metastasis and drug resistance. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Dominant role of oncogene dosage and absence of tumor suppressor activity in Nras-driven hematopoietic transformation. (uchicago.edu)
  • Knowing the cell of origin of cancer cells can provide insight into tumor subtypes and possibly diagnostic and therapeutic benefit,' says JAX Assistant Professor Jennifer Trowbridge, Ph.D., the lead author of the study published on July 11 in Nature Communications . (news-medical.net)
  • But existing methods to identify cell of origin from bulk tumor cell samples have been unsuccessful. (news-medical.net)
  • Trowbridge hypothesized that analyzing open chromatin in bulk tumor cells could provide a possible improved method to identify cancer cell of origin because of the cell-type specificity of chromatin structure. (news-medical.net)
  • CAR-expression on T or NK cells allows them to specifically target cancer cells via recognition of tumor associated antigens. (nature.com)
  • Binding of a tumor antigen via the scFv activates the T cell in a major histocompatibility-independent manner which leads to a cytotoxic response [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
  • These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. (explorationpub.com)
  • According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. (explorationpub.com)