Production of recombinant monoclonal antibodies immunoglobulin clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

They are engineered to bind to their target proteins with high affinity and specificity and as such are a member of the synthetic antibody family. (wikipedia.org)
Rational genetic engineering to enhance biotherapeutic proteins has become a reality catalyzed by publication of the genome sequences of multiple Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. (bioprocessintl.com)
Desirable attributes of a CHO cell line include its ability to produce high titers of biotherapeutic proteins facilitate quick recoveries and selection processes maintain phenotypic and genetic stability throughout in-vitro aging of a culture. (bioprocessintl.com)
T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), also known as VSTM3 or WUCAM, is a 26 kD, type I transmembrane protein and is a member of the PVR (poliovirus receptor) family of immunoglobulin-like domain containing proteins. (biolegend.com)
The Western blot is a technique used to identify candidate hybrids, clones, subclones and monoclonal antibodies of interest that recognize and bind to one or more specific molecular weight proteins of interest. (mayo.edu)
The invention provides antibodies that bind to a plurality of β-chemokines, particularly monocyte chemotactic proteins MCP-1, MCP-2 and MCP-3. (justia.com)
Antibodies targeting citrullinated proteins (ACPA) are commonly found in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), strongly associate with distinct HLA-DR alleles and predict a more aggressive disease course as compared to seronegative patients. (acrabstracts.org)
Nectin proteins have been identified as providing a wide range of functions within the cell. (prospecbio.com)
Finally, nectin proteins perform cell-to-cell adhesion. (prospecbio.com)
Since the spike proteins are on the surface of the viral particles, antibodies that bind very specifically and with high affinity to the spike protein can be used in immunological assays like ELISAs to detect the presence of the virus in biological samples. (activemotif.com.cn)
The major antibody class found in the blood, IgG, has a remarkable persistence, with a serum half-life of 20-23 days, compared with only hours or a few days for other circulating proteins 5 . (nature.com)

Zahavi and Weiner (2020) reviewed that monoclonal custom antibodies against antigens unique to cancer cells can cause tumor cell death by numerous mechanisms. (conductscience.com)
Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and nonspecific binding to intracellular antigens was blocked using PBS/2%BSA/0.1% saponin. (bdbiosciences.com)
Frozen tissue sections from active RA synovial inflammation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for presence of citrullinated antigens using the generated recombinant antibodies. (acrabstracts.org)
Surprisingly, several antibodies displayed cross reactivity to several citrullinated antigens but with variable binding affinities. (acrabstracts.org)
On the molecular level, striking differences were found between the monoclonal recognizing citrullinated antigens and those that did not. (acrabstracts.org)
The observed cross reactivity suggests that multiple antigens could participate in driving these clones. (acrabstracts.org)
Type II, or "cytotoxic" hypersensitivity, results from the binding of IgG or IgM antibodies to cell membranes or fixed tissue antigens, causing activation of the complement system. (mcgill.ca)
First, scFv antibody library makes it possible to select new antibodies which are difficult or impossible to gain through traditional methods, such as human antibodies and antibodies against self-antigens. (biologicscorp.com)
If you need an antibody against some unusual antigens, get in touch , our antibody library with rich diversity and large scale will help you to find an ideal antibody! (biologicscorp.com)
or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (lookformedical.com)
The use of these cell lines for production of flaviviral antigens will expand serological diagnostic testing of flaviviruses worldwide. (cdc.gov)

Synthetic antibodies can be used in all applications where traditional monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are used and offer many inherent advantages over animal-derived antibodies, including comparatively low production costs, reagent reproducibility and increased affinity, specificity and stability across a range of experimental conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Constraining the hypervariable binding loop at both ends within the protein scaffold improves the binding affinity and specificity of the synthetic antibody to levels comparable to or exceeding that of a natural antibody. (wikipedia.org)
As an alternative to using HIV-1 Env as a vaccine immunogen, we are pursuing a novel vaccine strategy where we generate anti-idiotypic antibodies: antibodies raised in a non-human animal model that bind with high affinity and specificity to bNAb precursors. (washington.edu)
To demonstrate specificity of staining, the binding of APC-C15.6 antibody was blocked by the preincubation of cells with unlabeled C15.6 antibody (5.0 µg/ml, Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
In this study we have assessed the specificity and the immunoglobulin gene characteristics of B cells derived from RA synovial fluid of RA by utilizing a method that allows in vitro production of monoclonal antibodies derived from single human memory B cells. (acrabstracts.org)
Likewise, antigen/antibody complexes are bound by the FcR of APCs and processed in a unique fashion dependent on the epitope specificity of the bound antibody. (hindawi.com)
Specificity of the PR-Set7 antibody. (powershow.com)
Finally, the reactivity and specificity of the polyclonal antibody were characterized by Western blot and immunofluorescent assays. (biomedcentral.com)
To meet each precise demand and client's specifications, BIOTEM relies on a wide range of proven immunization strategies to obtain high affinity and specificity antibodies. (biotem-antibody.com)
This optimizes the chances of success in obtaining high affinity and high specificity antibodies. (biotem-antibody.com)

Synthetic antibodies include recombinant antibodies, nucleic acid aptamers and non-immunoglobulin protein scaffolds. (wikipedia.org)
These molecules typically differ in structure to that of an antibody and can be generated either from nucleic acids, as in the case of aptamers, or from non-immunoglobulin protein scaffolds / peptide aptamers, into which hypervariable loops are inserted to form the antigen binding site. (wikipedia.org)
Affimer binders have been produced to a large number of targets including ubiquitin chains, immunoglobulins and C-reactive protein for use in a number of molecular recognition applications. (wikipedia.org)
The isolation of monoclonal bNAbs from HIV-1+ individuals has provided valuable information on how bNAbs develop during infection, and on the epitope specificities on the HIV-1 Envelope protein (Env) that an effective vaccine should aim to elicit. (washington.edu)
Antibodies are large heterodimeric protein molecules consisting of four polypeptide chains, i.e., two heavy chains of 50kDa each and two light chains of 25kDa. (conductscience.com)
It acts as a cell cycle regulatory protein. (scientificlabs.co.uk)
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a ring-shaped homotrimer protein that is located at the center of the faithful duplication of eukaryotic genomes. (scientificlabs.co.uk)
PCNA (AAH00491, 1 a.a. ~ 261 a.a) full-length recombinant protein with GST tag. (scientificlabs.co.uk)
The protein-bound membrane is then incubated with a known or test antibody reagent, followed by a secondary antibody conjugated with a color indicator enzyme or substrate (or radiolabeled isotope). (mayo.edu)
a recombinant protein synthesized from in vitro methods may also be used. (mayo.edu)
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated to protein A or G binds to the fragment crystallizable region of IgG immunoglobulins, especially IgG2a. (mayo.edu)
The NECTIN Protein is a family of cell-adhesion molecules that, so far, includes four members. (prospecbio.com)
CD4 functions to initiate or augment the early phase of T-cell activation through its association with the T-cell receptor complex and protein tyrosine kinase, Lck. (thermofisher.com)
Like many viruses, the COVID-19 virus attaches to a cell that it is infecting through an interaction between a spike protein on the surface of the viral particle and a receptor protein on the surface of the cell. (activemotif.com.cn)
Furthermore, the detection of antibodies that are specific for the spike protein in patients is a way to determine if a patient was previously infected with the COVID-19 virus and has recovered due to their immune response. (activemotif.com.cn)
A team of researchers from Germany, Austria, and Russia recently published a report in the scientific journal Cell and concluded that the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is a protein called ACE2 . (activemotif.com.cn)
Antibodies that bind to the spike protein and prevent it from interacting with ACE2 can "neutralize" the virus, making it unable to infect more cells and therefore treating or limiting the disease. (activemotif.com.cn)
In many patients, the adaptive immune response will develop antibodies to the spike protein that will control the spread of the virus and prevent the disease from becoming severe. (activemotif.com.cn)
This process of antibody-mediated virus neutralization can also happen through "passive immunity" which involves giving patients antibodies against the spike protein as a treatment. (activemotif.com.cn)
The recombinant protein MBP- Cs sPLA2 was expressed soluble and of good enzymatic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
An scFv is not actually an antibody fragment, but instead is a fusion protein of VH and VL of immunoglobulins, connected with a short linker peptide of 10 to about 25 amino acids. (biologicscorp.com)
Cyclin D1 or PRAD-1 or bcl-1 is one of the key cell cycle regulators, and functions in association with cdk4 and/or cdk6 by phosphorylating the Rb protein. (enquirebio.com)
To solve the future food insecurity problem, alternative and sustainable protein sources (e.g. insects, rapeseed, fava bean and algae) are now being explored for the production of food and feed. (tno.nl)
Co-expression of Ov-phy-1 with the O. volvulus homologue of protein disulfide isomerase in a baculovirus system resulted in the production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
This control is propagated through the alpha-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase where protein levels were previously shown to rise fivefold with increasing cell density. (embl.de)
Using a fluorescent sulfhydryl probe as well as a sulfhydryl inhibitor, one observes a strong cell density response, supporting the hypothesis that cellular redox potential could alter protein stability. (embl.de)
To date, the function of US11 protein in cell culture and animal models is poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
To further investigate the function of the US11 protein, this study was undertaken to express the US11 protein and raise a polyclonal antibody. (biomedcentral.com)
The US11 gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a (+) to express His-tagged US11 protein in Escherichia coli. (biomedcentral.com)
After purification by nickel affinity chromatography and refolding, the recombinant protein was used to raise the anti-US11 polyclonal antibody. (biomedcentral.com)
Western blot analysis demonstrated that the US11 protein was specifically recognized by the polyclonal antibody, and immunofluorescent assay also showed that the antibody was able to probe the US11 protein in the cells infected with HSV-1. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we obtained a high-level expression of the recombinant US11 protein as well as high titers of rabbit polyclonal antibody specially against US11 protein in HSV-1 infected cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This special polyclonal antibody provides a good tool for further studying structural and functional characterization of HSV-1 US11 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, US11 has been recently shown to also counteract the activity of the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), a cellular protein critical for host cell defense [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The His-tagged US11 protein was then expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified by a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni 2+ -NTA) affinity resin under denaturing conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequently, a polyclonal antibody was raised against the purified His-tagged US11 protein in rabbits. (biomedcentral.com)
From the production of the recombinant protein (transient transfection in CHO) to its preparation for immunization. (biotem-antibody.com)
Here, we describe the generation of 39 flaviviral virus-like particle (VLP)- and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)-secreting stable cell lines in HEK-293 cells representing 13 medically important flaviviruses. (cdc.gov)
All serum samples were extensively evaluated by using both noninfectious wild-type (wt) virus-like particles (VLPs) and soluble nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) in the standard immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). (cdc.gov)
Initial studies demonstrated that rabbit antimouse type VII collagen antibodies, as well as rabbit antibodies raised against human recombinant protein type VII collagen, were able to induce blisters in mice. (medscape.com)
Induction of an active model of autoimmunity against type VII collagen in a hairless mouse strain (SKH1) revealed that regulatory T cells, which have been identified for their ability to inhibit the development of autoimmune diseases, do not inhibit the development of autoantibodies against the self-protein mouse-type VII collagen. (medscape.com)
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by normal prostate cells. (medscape.com)

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) mostly are manufactured using bioengineered mammalian cells cultured in a bioreactor for two to three weeks. (bioprocessintl.com)
High temperatures and an altered redox environment may compromise the quality of MAbs produced (e.g., fragmentation, truncation), as can the presence of proteases, reductases, and other chemicals released from dead cells. (bioprocessintl.com)
Mouse or mice from the Mus musculus species are used for production of mouse monoclonal antibodies or mabs and as research model for humans in your lab. (conzort.com)
To expand diagnostic capacity to detect CVV infections by immunoassays, 12 hybridoma clones secreting anti-CVV murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed. (cdc.gov)
Our data shows that MAbs CVV14, CVV15, CVV17, and CVV18 have high specific reactivity as a detector in an IgM antibody capture test with human sera. (cdc.gov)

Recombinant antibodies are monoclonal antibodies generated in vitro using synthetic genes. (wikipedia.org)

Our study provides new information on how Env antigenic differences drastically affect the expansion of particular B cell lineages and supports immunogen-design efforts aiming at stimulating the expansion of cells expressing particular B cell receptors. (plos.org)
We report that the variable domains of recombinant HIV-1 Env immunogens activate a large number of B cell clones that give rise to many non-neutralizing antibodies, and that removing the variable domains from the immunogen reduces the number of activated B cell lineages and leads to the development of autologous neutralizing antibodies, a step towards bNAb-production. (plos.org)

Interestingly, the reversion of citrulline-specific antibodies to their germline sequences led to a loss of reactivity to all the autoantigens. (acrabstracts.org)
A role for active antigen selection of the citrulline-reactive synovial B-cells was supported by the strong bias towards amino acid replacement mutations in ACPA+ antibodies and by their loss of reactivity to citrullinated autoantigens when somatic mutations were reverted to the corresponding germline sequences. (acrabstracts.org)
An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response. (lookformedical.com)
Both ZIKV-derived wt-VLP- and NS1-MAC-ELISAs were found to have similar sensitivities for detecting anti-premembrane/envelope and NS1 antibodies from ZIKV-infected patient sera, although lower cross-reactivity to DENV2/3-NS1 was observed. (cdc.gov)

Synthetic antibodies are affinity reagents generated entirely in vitro, thus completely eliminating animals from the production process. (wikipedia.org)
As a consequence of their in vitro manufacturing method the antigen recognition site of synthetic antibodies can be engineered to any desired target and may extend beyond the typical immune repertoire offered by natural antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
The ability to manipulate the antibody genes make it possible to generate new antibodies and antibody fragments, such as Fab fragments and scFv in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
This clone can suppress anti-CD3 induced T cell proliferation in vitro based on in-house testing. (biolegend.com)
We showed that functional blockade of CD200 on lymphoma cells or primary CLL cells, both of which express CD200 at high levels, augmented cytotoxic killing of these cells by effector CD8+ T cells in vitro. (ndltd.org)
In vitro production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase should facilitate identification of specific inhibitors of the parasite enzyme. (embl.de)
Examples of a novel series of phenanthrolinones are shown to be potent competitive inhibitors of avian prolyl 4-hydroxylase, and of collagen hydroxylation, in embryonic chick tendon cells and human foreskin fibroblasts in vitro and in the oestradiol-stimulated rat uterus in vivo. (embl.de)
Methods Since different activation protocols differently affect expression and function of homing receptors, we analyzed the bone marrow homing properties and anti-tumor efficacy of NK cells stimulated in vitro with two independent protocols. (bmj.com)
Conclusions Our results demonstrate that in vitro activation affects NK cell anti-myeloma activity in vivo by regulating their BM infiltration. (bmj.com)

Recombinant antibody technology involves recovering the antibody genes from the source cells, amplifying and cloning the genes into an appropriate vector, introducing the vector into a host, and achieving expression of adequate amounts of functional antibody. (wikipedia.org)
The immunoglobulin genes of inbred mouse strains that are commonly used in models of antibody-mediated human diseases are poorly characterized. (bvsalud.org)
To infer the immunoglobulin genes of BALB/c mice, we used long-read SMRT sequencing to amplify VDJ-C sequences from F1 (BALB/c x C57BL/6) hybrid animals. (bvsalud.org)
Naive BCRs arise through the random recombination of germline-encoded immunoglobulin genes during B cell development. (washington.edu)
To obtain scFv fragments, mRNA is first isolated from hybridoma (or spleen cells and B lymphocytes) followed by reverse transcribed into cDNA to serve as a template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the antibody genes. (biologicscorp.com)
With this method, large libraries with a diverse range of antibody VH and VL genes could be created [3]. (biologicscorp.com)
When the antibody genes were successfully cloned and sequenced, the scFv fragments could be directly expressed in bacterial systems (i.e. (biologicscorp.com)
Fully human monoclonal antibodies are produced using transgenic mice that contain human immunoglobulin genes or using phage display (ie, a bacteriophage-based cloning method) of immunoglobulin genes isolated from human B cells. (msdmanuals.com)
The two forms were equally immunogenic, but only the latter elicited neutralizing antibodies by stimulating a more restricted expansion of B cells to a narrower set of IGH/IGK/IGL-V genes that represented a small fraction (0.003-0.02%) of total B cells. (plos.org)
During productive infection, the 152-kb double-stranded HSV-1 genome is rapidly translocated to the nucleus where at least 80 viral genes are transcribed by the host cell RNA polymerase II (Pol II) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Analysis of an individual's immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene repertoire can provide important insights into immune function. (bvsalud.org)
Mounting evidence also supports the pivotal role of the clonotypic B-cell receptor immunoglobulin (BcR IG) in the natural history of CLL. (ndltd.org)
One of the first critical steps in an effective antibody response is the recognition of a foreign antigen by a membrane anchored B cell receptor (BCR) on the surface of a naïve B cell. (washington.edu)
Since it is used for identifying cell-surface receptor molecules, FACS requires whole-cell suspensions and special cell-sorting equipment to process samples. (mayo.edu)
Description: The RPA-T4 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD4, a 59 kDa cell surface receptor expressed by a majority of thymocytes, subpopulation of mature T cells (T-helper cells) and in low levels on monocytes. (thermofisher.com)
Stimulation of cells by anti-receptor autoantibodies (such as the anti-TSH receptor antibodies of Graves' disease) has been designated as type V hypersensitivity by some authors. (mcgill.ca)
Human ANG4 is an agonist that can bind and activate Tie2, a receptor tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains expressed primarily on endothelial cells and early hematopoietic cells. (reliatech.de)
Background The peculiar multiple myeloma microenvironment, characterized by up-regulated levels of several inflammatory chemokines, including the CXCR3 receptor ligands CXCL9 and CXCL10, limits NK cell positioning into the bone marrow by interfering with CXCR4 function. (bmj.com)

also KIM-1 and HAVcr-1) is a 100 kDa, type I transmembrane glycoprotein member of the TIM family of immunoglobulin superfamily molecules (1-3). (rndsystems.com)
Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) is a 55 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the JAM family of immunoglobulin superfamily molecules. (reliatech.de)

Synthetic antibodies are being developed for use in research, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. (wikipedia.org)
We are also looking for partners and collaborators to continue the development of these recombinant antibodies for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. (activemotif.com.cn)
However, many potential complications can arise from this approach, including potentially exposing the infected patient with additional viruses, so a better and safer alternative is to use highly characterized and purified recombinant antibodies as the therapeutic molecule. (activemotif.com.cn)
This new understanding of the role of B cells opened up novel therapeutic options for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. (hindawi.com)
and current B-cell-based therapeutic treatments. (hindawi.com)
Previous clinical evidence suggested that high levels of serum CA125 have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the experimental therapeutic antibodies farletuzumab and amatuximab ( 13 - 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Additionally, IL-13 binds with high affinity to IL-13 R alpha 2 which is expressed intracellularly, on the cell surface, and as a soluble molecule (11-14). (rndsystems.com)
Expanded pools of diverse B cell clones compete for antigen and T cell help in a Darwinian process that ultimately selects for B cells with higher affinity receptors which can be secreted as soluble molecules (antibodies). (washington.edu)
Therefore, it's necessary to express Cs sPLA2 in water-soluble form and determine whether the enzymatic activity of Cs sPLA2 or cell signalling pathways is involved in liver fibrosis caused by clonorchiasis. (biomedcentral.com)

Western Blot Analysis of recombinant human ESAM1 (RT# 300-057) using a polyclonal antibody directed against recombinant human ESAM1 produced in E. coli. (reliatech.de)

Common advantages of these molecules compared to use of the typical antibody structure include a smaller size, giving improved tissue penetration, rapid generation times of weeks compared to months for natural and recombinant antibodies and cheaper costs. (wikipedia.org)
With the technical advancements and an understanding of their molecular properties, custom antibodies have become the most important class of molecules in immunologic research. (conductscience.com)
18:217-242), the β-chemokines regulate the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and thereby indirectly affect diapedesis and extravasation of immune cells from the circulation into tissues. (justia.com)
The family of molecules will primarily regulate adhesion between two cells, although Nectin-like molecules - known as Necl - will perform other tasks at a cellular level. (prospecbio.com)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Recombinant fragment. (abcam.com)

Synthetic antibodies are currently the fastest growing class of therapeutics. (wikipedia.org)
With 20 years of experience in the biopharmaceutical industry - at Genentech, Applied Biosystems, Cell Genesys, Cellerant Therapeutics, and Bayer - Yuval Shimoni has written frequently for BioProcess International on a number of production topics. (bioprocessintl.com)
Artificial antibodies have entirely changed therapeutics. (conductscience.com)
Most of the antibodies clinically used as therapeutics are immunoglobulin G (IgG) monoclonal antibodies with a similar structure comprising four polypeptide chains as mentioned above and have a molecular weight of about 150kDa. (conductscience.com)
Learn how innovative technologies, such as bioreactors and recombinant antibody methods, are revolutionizing the manufacturing of antibodies for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. (powershow.com)

When multiplexing with other rabbit-derived antibodies, using cross absorbed Fc-reactive secondary antibodies are recommended. (abcam.com)
As secondary antibodies goat anti-mouse PE (1:300) and goat anti-rabbit ALEXA Flour 488 (1:600) was used. (reliatech.de)

This rat monoclonal chimeric antibody has been engineered from a RabMAb parent antibody ( ab237726 ). (abcam.com)
Chimeric antibodies prepared as a result comprised V L and V H from mice and C H1 , C H2 , and C H3 from the human. (conductscience.com)
Some of the chimeric antibodies include rituximab and cetuximab. (conductscience.com)
Chimeric monoclonal antibodies activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells more effectively than murine monoclonal antibodies but can still induce production of human anti-chimeric antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)

The invention also provides cells producing the antibodies, and methods of making and using the same. (justia.com)

The lack of targeted immunotherapeutic approaches for T cell malignancies results in part from potential risks associated with targeting broadly expressed T cell markers, namely T cell depletion and clinically significant immune compromise. (mdpi.com)
The ability of cancer cells to escape anti-tumor immune responses is acknowledged as one of the hallmarks of cancer. (ndltd.org)
However, these murine antibodies can produce strong immune reactions in humans, especially on repeated administration. (conductscience.com)
Chemokines," which take their name from chemotactic cytokines, are small secreted polypeptides that regulate movement of immune cells into tissues (Baggiolini et al. (justia.com)
The β-chemokines form a gradient that serves as a chemoattractant and potential proliferation signal for immune and other cells such as monocytes, macrophages, basophils, eosinophils, T lymphocytes and fibroblasts. (justia.com)
CD4 is primarily expressed in a subset of T-lymphocytes, also referred to as T helper cells, but may also be expressed by other cells in the immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (thermofisher.com)
In February, Active Motif announced that we were part of a collaboration that led to the first cloning, expression, and characterization of recombinant human antibodies from patients that were infected with coronavirus but mounted an immune response and recovered. (activemotif.com.cn)
IgG2a also engages in high affinity interactions with Fc receptors on immune cells which can result in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) as well as antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) by phagocytosing cells like macrophages 3-8 . (researchsquare.com)
Reciprocal roles of T-cell help for B cells during adaptive immune responses and B-cell help in CD4+ T-cell activation are being increasingly recognized. (hindawi.com)
however, it needs to be emphasized that most autoimmune diseases are driven by a dysfunction in the immune network consisting of B cells, T cells, and other immune cells. (hindawi.com)
Deposited immune complexes can activate complement and effector cells. (hindawi.com)
The Fc portion of antibodies in immune complexes can be bound by C1q of the classical complement pathway, which eventually leads to the release of C5a and C3a. (hindawi.com)
IgA antibodies primarily ensure immune protection of mucosal surfaces. (docksci.com)
The Immune Response The humoral response involves interaction of B cells with antigen (Ag) and their differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells. (powershow.com)
Unlike naive or synthetic libraries, BIOTEM proposes the construction of an immune library, in scFv format, focused on the target of interest combined with high throughput antibody screening (or bio-panning) by phage display. (biotem-antibody.com)

mostly by employing serologic methodologies and monoclonal antibody isolation and characterization. (plos.org)
Characterization and expression of enzymatically active recombinant filarial prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
The GB hepatitis viruses (GBV-A, GBV-B and GBV-C). The GB hepatitis viruses were cloned recently and preliminary genomic characterization shows that they are related to other positive-stranded RNA viruses with local regions of sequence identity with various flaviviruses. (medmuv.com)

Eventually, entirely human custom antibodies were prepared by employing either two technologies, i.e., phage display or transgenic mice (Ruker and Knopp. (conductscience.com)
Currently, most recombinant antibody fragments are generated by phage display antibody library [5]. (biologicscorp.com)
Monoclonal antibody development and production is mainly based on 2 technologies: Hybridoma or Phage Display (recombinant antibodies). (biotem-antibody.com)

Here, we find that immunization of mice with MDA-LDL elicits memory B cells, plasma cells, and switched anti-MDA-LDL antibodies as well as clonal expansion and affinity maturation, indicating that MDA-LDL triggers a bona fide germinal center antibody response. (bvsalud.org)
Finally, we show that MDA-LDL immunization is not athero-protective in mice lacking germinal-center-derived plasma cells. (bvsalud.org)
Yet immunization of humans with recombinant Env leads to the production of antibodies with very narrow breadth of neutralization which fail to block infection of diverse circulating viral isolates. (washington.edu)
These approaches provide limited information on the ontogenies and clonal B cell lineages that expand following Env-immunization. (plos.org)
Our findings shed new light into how HIV-1 evades detection from B cells that can produce bNAbs and also provides information that is relevant for the design of optimal immunization strategies. (plos.org)
Polyclonal anti-sera against PR-Set7 was raised by immunization of rabbits with recombinant PR-Set7. (powershow.com)
Immunization with peptides is a relevant strategy for the generation of antibodies directed against selected epitopes. (biotem-antibody.com)
Immunization of type VII collagen in athymic nude SJL mice did not induce an autoimmune response, whereas the repletion of T cells from type VII collagen-immunized wild-type mice to the thymic mice showed autoantibody production and resulted in a blistering disease phenotype, supporting the role of T cells in the induction of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. (medscape.com)

Human peripheral blood leukocytes were stained with CD3 FITC and purified anti-human TIGIT (clone A15153G) (top) or purified mouse IgG2a, κ isotype control (bottom), followed by PE goat anti-mouse IgG. (biolegend.com)
Cells were cultured in 6-well plate wells that were pre-coated with anti-CD3 plus mouse IgG2a isotype control (open histogram) or with anti-CD3 plus anti-human TIGIT (clone A15153G) (filled histogram). (biolegend.com)

Both single-chain variable fragments (scFv) antibodies or divalent tandem monospecific scFv [sc(Fv)2] antibodies with properties suitable for targeting were produced. (projectsparadise.com)
Do not hesitate to get in touch for any further information regarding antibody fragments. (biologicscorp.com)
According to some research, scFv fragments often have lower affinity compared to the parental whole antibody or Fab molecule [6-9], and the scFv fragments complexed into dimers (diabodies), trimers (triabodies) or larger aggregates may be better selections. (biologicscorp.com)
Development of recombinant antibody fragments capable of detecting azaspiracid - Edwina Stack, Richard O' Kennedy, Linda Steward and Chris Elliott. (powershow.com)

Likewise B cells function as crucial antigen presenting cells in autoimmune diseases that are traditionally viewed as T cell mediated. (hindawi.com)
Independent of antibody secretion B cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines, support the formation of ectopic GCs, and serve as antigen presenting cells. (hindawi.com)

Expression of TIGIT is associated with decreased functionality of CD8 T cells in chronic viral infection and tumors. (biolegend.com)
Approximately 20-30% of HIV-1 infected individuals generate antibodies capable of neutralizing diverse heterologous viral strains (broadly neutralizing antibodies or bNAbs). (washington.edu)
Different immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses produced by class-switched B cells help in opsonization and virus neutralization and hence, facilitate viral clearance from the host. (researchsquare.com)
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole viral target of bnAbs, but is also targeted by binding, non-neutralizing antibodies. (plos.org)
Following HIV-1 infection, serum neutralizing antibody responses against the evolving autologous viral swarm are generated by the vast majority of infected subjects, usually within the first few months of infection [ 1 - 6 ]. (plos.org)
US11 has been reported as a potent inhibitor of PKR activation through binding to dsRNA [ 14 ] or through direct interaction with PKR in the context of viral infection [ 12 ] and therefore could interfere with the PKR mediated host cell responses. (biomedcentral.com)
The use of previously developed COS-1 cell lines secreting noninfectious recombinant viral antigen is limited due to diminished antigen secretion over time. (cdc.gov)

Cell cultures derived from mammalian and bacterial cell lines are the conventional production systems in bioprocessing. (bioprocessintl.com)
Media for mammalian cultures in particular are notoriously expensive, and traditional cell cultures can be highly sensitive to growing conditions. (bioprocessintl.com)
The resultant DNA is placed in a mammalian cell culture, which then expresses the resultant gene, producing the desired antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
This step allows the transition from scFv to full immunoglobulin format (or orther formats : scFv-Fc, etc.) thanks to a fully integrated platform for recombinant antibody production in mammalian cells (CHO). (biotem-antibody.com)

Upon exposure to an initiating stimulus (an asthma inducer), these inflammatory cells release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, cytokines, chemokines, and platelet-activating factor. (respiratory-therapy.com)
On macrophages, IL-13 suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines and other cytotoxic substances. (rndsystems.com)
The role of B cells in autoimmune diseases involves different cellular functions, including the well-established secretion of autoantibodies, autoantigen presentation and ensuing reciprocal interactions with T cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and the generation of ectopic germinal centers. (hindawi.com)
These anaphylatoxins promote release of proinflammatory cytokines and serve as chemoattractants for effector cells. (hindawi.com)
Binding of the Fc portion of the antibodies to FcR leads to activation of effector cells and further release of proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, mediators of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (hindawi.com)
These changes are thought to lead to tumor-microenvironment interactions via factors secreted by stromal or epithelial cells in response to lymphoma cell-produced cytokines ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

the peak in antibody titers occurs 4-7 weeks after primary infection ( 6 - 8 ). (cdc.gov)
Administration of QIV with the two adjuvants, individually or combined, resulted in enhanced HA-specific serum ELISA IgG titers, serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers and splenic T cell responses as examined by IFN-γ and IL-4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays, 4-weeks post-prime and post-boost vaccination in BALB/c mice. (researchsquare.com)
Moreover, enhanced IgG2a titers correlate with antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) that targets both the highly conserved H1 hemagglutination (HA) stalk domain and N1 neuraminidase (NA). (researchsquare.com)
Additionally, vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers diminish over time, thereby affecting the extent of protection against infection during an entire influenza season and the subsequent seasons. (researchsquare.com)

The revolutionary hybridoma technology involves injecting a particular antigen into a mouse and then isolating antigen-specific plasma cells from the animal's spleen. (conductscience.com)

The effector functions like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), structural factors, experience, and availability of IgG determine the preference of one type of immunoglobulin over another (Ryman and Meibohm, 2017). (conductscience.com)
RTX's mechanism of action includes complement‑dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody‑dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (spandidos-publications.com)
The mechanisms of action by which RTX kills FL cells include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) ( 3 ), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) ( 4 , 5 )-herein referred to as 'effector function' mechanisms-as well as CD20 signaling effects ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Global And China Recombinant Antibody Market Research Report 2017 - The Global And China Recombinant Antibody Industry 2017 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Recombinant Antibody industry. (powershow.com)

2 IgE binds to high-affinity receptors on tissue mast cells and circulating basophils. (respiratory-therapy.com)
This Antibody was verified by Cell treatment to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
Right panel: antigen binds to the BCR of antigen-specific B cells and is internalized. (hindawi.com)
The secreted antibody (Ab) binds to the antigen and facilitates its clearance from the body. (powershow.com)

In addition, these antibodies can also mediate several host effector functions. (researchsquare.com)
Moreover they induce the upregulation of activating FcR on effector cells. (hindawi.com)

IL-13 upregulates IL-6 while downregulating IL-1 and TNF-alpha production by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. (rndsystems.com)
ESAM is expressed on endothelial cells, activated platelets and megakaryocytes, and can be found associated with cellto cell junctions. (reliatech.de)
Immunofluorescence staining with a mixture of primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLEC) / normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) with anti-human ESAM (green) [Cat# 102-42AG] and anti-human CD31 (red) [Cat# 101-M92]. (reliatech.de)
FACS analysis with primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLEC). (reliatech.de)
Immunofluorescence staining of CD31 (red) and ESAM (green) in a mixture of primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLEC) and the mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 with monoclonal mouse anti-human CD31 #WM-59 [Cat# 101-M92] and polyclonal rabbit anti-human ESAM [Cat# 102-PA42AG]. (reliatech.de)
Human ANG4 is highly expressed in lung and in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (reliatech.de)
The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)

therefore, cellular and molecular analyses of RTX and CA125 interaction were peformed, and a library of RTX variants was generated using a proprietary technology called Block‑Removed Immunoglobulin Technology that combines randomized amino acid substitutions and high‑throughput functional screenings to identify CA125‑refractory RTX variants. (spandidos-publications.com)

Recombinant Human TIGIT. (biolegend.com)
A major part of humanized antibodies is human-derived, with only one CDR derived from mice. (conductscience.com)
Human MCP-1, MCP-2 and MCP-3 all have chemotactic activity for a variety of cell types, including T lymphocytes and monocytes (Van Coillie et al. (justia.com)
Applications Tested: This RPA-T4 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
IgM is by far the physically largest antibody in the human circulatory system. (conzort.com)
Sparholt SH, Georgsen J, Madsen HO, Svendsen UG, Schou C. Association between HLA-DRB3 0101 and immunoglobulin-E responsiveness to Bet v I. Human Immunology 1994;39:76-78. (mcgill.ca)
These recombinant human COVID-19 antibodies that were generated using our proprietary AbEpic™ platform are now available to the research community. (activemotif.com.cn)
Here, we report on a novel human endothelial cell-based recycling assay (HERA) that can be used for such pre-clinical screening. (nature.com)
It is a putative proto-oncogene overexpressed in a wide variety of human neoplasms including mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). (enquirebio.com)
Efficient generation of human IgA monoclonal antibodies. (docksci.com)
To minimize the problems due to use of pure mouse antibody, researchers have used recombinant DNA techniques to create monoclonal antibodies that are part human and part mouse. (msdmanuals.com)
Then the DNA for some or all of the variable portion of the mouse antibody is merged with DNA for human immunoglobulin. (msdmanuals.com)
In canine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, the immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies also target the type VII collagen noncollagenous (NC1) domain, which shares greater than 80% homology in amino acid sequence with the human NC1 domain. (medscape.com)

Vav expression, but not expression of domain-mutated Vav, increased IL-6 secretion from nonimmortalized bone marrow-derived mast cells upon FcεRI engagement. (aai.org)
When JNK signalling pathway is blocked by inhibitor SP600125, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is inhibited, with less proliferation and reduced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The PCR product was digested with Eco RI and Sal I and inserted into pET-32a (+) digested with the same enzymes to yield the recombinant expression plasmid pET-32a-US11. (biomedcentral.com)
Thirty-five cell lines (90%) had stable antigen expression over 10 passages, with three of these cell lines (7%) increasing in antigen expression and one cell line (3%) decreasing in antigen expression. (cdc.gov)

As a consequence of bNAb precursors fail to bind most recombinant HIV-1 Envs (such as those that would be used in HIV-1 vaccines). (washington.edu)
The present study demonstrated that CA125 could bind to RTX and reduce its tumor cell killing activity. (spandidos-publications.com)
A subset of patients have variations in which either IgG autoantibodies bind the central triple-helical collagenous (NC2) domain of type VII collagen, or immunoglobulin A (IgA), rather than IgG, targets type VII collagen. (medscape.com)

The Antibody Hybridoma Core utilizes the fusion partner cell line FOX-NY, a nonimmunoglobulin-secreting myeloma cell line that is hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) sensitive. (mayo.edu)

While QIV+SDI-nanogel largely induced antigen-specific IgG1 responses, QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol predominantly induced IgG2a antibody isotypes post-prime vaccination, suggesting efficient induction of Th2 (IL-4) and Th1 (IFN-γ) responses, respectively. (researchsquare.com)

In addition, the murine antibody can be humanized for its use in therapy, which is rapidly achievable at the scFv stage [2]. (biologicscorp.com)
Furthermore, scFv antibody library has several advantages against monoclonal antibodies. (biologicscorp.com)
Second, scFv antibodies with higher affinity could be generated through site-directed mutagenesis, which is easier to be performed. (biologicscorp.com)

The Antibody Hybridoma Core offers hybridoma, clone and subclone supernate screening by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). (mayo.edu)

Reconstitute the antibody with 500 µl sterile PBS and the final concentration is 200 µg/ml. (reliatech.de)

Therefore, bioengineered and recombinant antibodies were prepared for successful administration in humans. (conductscience.com)
The lack of binding of mIgG to hFcRn explains why murine antibodies are rapidly removed from the circulation in humans, despite long half-life in mice 32 . (nature.com)
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype produced in humans. (docksci.com)
Env-based immunogens tested so far in various animal species and humans have elicited binding and autologous neutralizing antibodies but not bNAbs (with a few notable exceptions). (plos.org)

Multiple myeloma (MM) [MIM:254500]: A malignant tumor of plasma cells usually arising in the bone marrow and characterized by diffuse involvement of the skeletal system, hyperglobulinemia, Bence-Jones proteinuria and anemia. (enquirebio.com)
It is still unclear if the consequent reduced influx of transferred cells into the tumor represents a potential limiting factor for the success of NK cell-based adoptive therapy. (bmj.com)
We hypothesize that inhibition of CXCR3 function on NK cells will result in increased tumor clearance, due to higher NK cell bone marrow infiltration. (bmj.com)
NK cell functional behavior and tumor growth were analyzed in bone marrow samples by FACS analysis. (bmj.com)
Results Both activation protocols promoted degranulation and IFN-γ production by donor NK cells infiltrating the bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice, although IL-15 promoted a faster but more transient acquisition of functional capacities. (bmj.com)
Furthermore, we provided direct evidence that CXCR3 restrains NK cell anti-tumor capacity in vivo according to the activation protocol used, and that the effects of NK cell-based adoptive immunotherapy for multiple myeloma can be improved by increasing their bone marrow homing through CXCR3 inhibition. (bmj.com)

Recombinant antibodies can be cloned from any species of antibody-producing animal, if the appropriate oligonucleotide primers or hybridization probes are available. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species. (lookformedical.com)

ICC/IF: Mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (abcam.com)
Flow Cyt: Mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (abcam.com)

These citrulline-reactive antibodies did not react with the unmodified arginine peptides. (acrabstracts.org)
Isotype or positive controls by peptides, antibodies and deactivated samples. (conzort.com)

Left panel: antigen bound by antibody is taken up via FcR on APCs such as dendritic cells or macrophages. (hindawi.com)
Here, we show that bergenin, a phytochemical isolated from tender leaves of Shorea robusta , activates the MAP kinase and ERK pathways and induces TNF-α, NO and IL-12 production in infected macrophages. (frontiersin.org)

In this dissertation, the goal was to enhance our knowledge on how new recombinant antibodies might be tailored to optimize localization to experimental tumors in mice. (projectsparadise.com)
Bone marrow cells from 6 month old BALB/c mice were cultured for 10 days in mouse GM-CSF (40 ng/ml, Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
NK cells were purified from wild-type or Cxcr3 −/− mice and incubated with IL-15 alone or with a combination of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18 (IL-12/15/18). (bmj.com)
[ 7 ] The failure of rabbit antimouse type VII collagen antibodies to induce blisters in C5-deficient mice supports a role for complement activation in the disease pathogenesis. (medscape.com)

We use RT-PCR reverse transcription system and the expand high fidelity PCR system to detect spliced XBP1 mRNA, and fraction cells to determine the location of the unconventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA. (mdpi.com)
IL-2 and IL-6 mRNA levels were dramatically increased in Vav-overexpressing cells and correlated with increased NF-AT activity. (aai.org)
Cell density regulates prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity independent of mRNA levels. (embl.de)

The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography. (biolegend.com)

TIGIT also promotes the differentiation of tolerogenic phenotype in dendritic cells with an increased secretion of IL-10 and a diminished production of IL-12. (biolegend.com)
Antigen secretion was stable for at least 10 cell passages, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunofluorescence assays. (cdc.gov)
Antigen secretion in the HEK-293 cell lines was higher than in previously developed COS-1 cell line counterparts. (cdc.gov)

Recombinant Antibody Production & Purification (pilot study). (biotem-antibody.com)

Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) display protective potentials against experimental animal infection and thus are believed to be a key component of an effective HIV vaccine. (plos.org)

Nine to 14 days after the fusion, hybrid supernatants are tested for the presence of the specific antibody of interest. (mayo.edu)

bNAbs are derived from B cells that express B cell receptors formed by specific VH/VL alleles. (plos.org)

This gene family is involved in the regulation of Th1 and Th2-cell-mediated immunity. (rndsystems.com)
Translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) with immunoglobulin gene regions. (enquirebio.com)
In the present study, the US11 gene was cloned into pET-32a(+) to yield pET-32a-US11. (biomedcentral.com)

The core uses secondary antibody conjugates specific for gamma chain (IgG) subclass isotypes, which are more desirable to obtain. (mayo.edu)
Secondary antibody conjugates specific for mu chain (IgM) subclass isotypes can also be performed upon request. (mayo.edu)

Does not cross-react with recombinant mouse (rm) TIM-1, rmTIM-2, or rhTIM-3. (rndsystems.com)
Adherent cells were washed and treated for ~14 hr with mouse IFN-γ (10 ng/ml, Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Nonspecific surface binding was blocked by incubation of cells with purified polyclonal normal mouse immunoglobulin. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cells were surface stained with 0.06 µg of FITC-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD11b (MAC-1) antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cells were then stained with 0.25 µg of APC-conjugated rat anti-mouse IL-12 (p40/p70) antibody (APC-C15.6, Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Mouse monoclonal antibodies from this clone have all the same affinity to the antigen. (conzort.com)
This antibody was produced from a hybridoma (mouse myeloma fused with spleen cells from a rat immunized with purified mouse recombinant Angiopoietin-3. (reliatech.de)
It is likely that mouse ANG3, like ANG2, may exert agonist or antagonist activities depending on the cell context. (reliatech.de)
Porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with Mouse Anti-Porcine B Cell Subset-BIOT (SB Cat. (southernbiotech.com)
Murine monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen, harvesting its spleen to obtain B cells that are producing antibody specific to that antigen, fusing those cells with immortal mouse myeloma cells, growing these hybridoma cells (eg, in cell culture), and harvesting the antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
In both cases, the process usually begins as above with production of mouse hybridoma cells that make antibody to the desired antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
in a mouse model, a molecularly engineered FIX molecule maintained protection against bleeding approximately three times longer, compared with recombinant FIX. (medscape.com)

The fusion process involves fusing spleen or lymph node cells with a myeloma fusion partner cell line. (mayo.edu)
The monoclonal antibody BB6-10A10 stains the following percentages of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) positive cells in porcine lymphoid tissues - 11-15% in peripheral blood, 22-23% in mesenteric lymph nodes, 79-87% in ileal Peyer's patches (ILPP), 6-17 in spleen, and 0% in thymus. (southernbiotech.com)

Based on DNA sequences, we could demonstrate that the citrulline-specific antibodies displayed fewer overall mutations but, yet displayed more replacement mutations in their CDRs regions as compared to the citrulline-negative clones. (acrabstracts.org)
The observation that most autoantibodies in traditionally autoantibody-mediated diseases are of the IgG isotype and carry somatic mutations strongly suggests T-cell help in the autoimmune B-cell response. (hindawi.com)

Rituximab (RTX) is a CD20‑targeting antibody that is the standard‑of‑care for patients with non‑Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) cases. (spandidos-publications.com)
This strategy includes the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab (RTX), alone or in combination with chemotherapy for patients who have advanced-stage disease. (spandidos-publications.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms11

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs82

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care2

Proteins11

Antigens11

Specificity10

Protein42

MAbs5

Generated in vitro1

Immunogen2

Reactivity4

Vitro9

Genes10

Receptor8

Family of immunoglobulin superfamily molecules2

Therapeutic6

Soluble3

Polyclonal Antibody1

Molecules5

Fragment1

Therapeutics5

Secondary antibodies2

Chimeric4

Methods1

Immune15

Characterization3

Phage display3

Immunization8

Isotype control2

Fragments4

Antigen prese2

Viral7

Mammalian4

Cytokines6

Titers4

Hybridoma Technology1

ADCC3

20171

Binds4

Effector2

Endothelial cells7

Cellular1

Human13

Expression4

Bind3

Myeloma cell line1

IgG2a1

ScFv3

Enzyme-linke1

Concentration1

Humans4

Tumor6

Species2

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells2

Peptides2

Macrophages2

Mice4

MRNA3

Purified by affinity chromatography1

Secretion3

Purification1

Experimental1

Specific antibody1

Receptors1

Gene3

Isotypes2

Mouse12

Spleen2

Mutations2

Rituximab2