DyneinMicrotubulesSuperfamily of motor proteinsMicrotubule motorProteinMotilityMechanismKinetochoreNeuronalMoleculesRecruitment and activationIntracellularStall forceMechanismsRevealChromosomeFamilyBoundTubulinMolecularStructuresAdaptorsCyclesCytoskeletonMutationsDynamicsCombineDomainsMovesContextCargoStepMoveSynapticActivityDomainVirusesShowFoundGroupSteps
Dynein14
- Hirokawa, N. Kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins and the mechanism of organelle transport. (wikipedia.org)
- Dynein is the sole processive minus-end-directed microtubule motor found in animals. (biologists.com)
- In higher eukaryotes, dynein/dynactin requires additional components such as Bicaudal D to form an active motor complex and for regulating its cellular localization. (biologists.com)
- Single cytoplasmic dynein motors move somewhat erratically along the microtubule and show a low unitary stall force 1 pN , significantly weaker than that of kinesin-1 6 pN, where to buy clenbuterol in canada. (tastefactoryuk.com)
- However, two or more dynein motors bound to the same cargo display unidirectional and highly processive motility, indicating that dynein motors can function effectively in teams Mallik et al. (tastefactoryuk.com)
- Gennerich A, Vale RD. Walking the walk: how kinesin and dynein coordinate their steps. (harvard.edu)
- Observations of variable step sizes (4-32 nm) and directionality suggest a considerable diffusional component to its step, making dynein stepping more akin to that of myosin VI (21-51 nm) [primary source] than kinesin. (harvard.edu)
- [1] Additionally, dynein motor is also responsible for the transport of degradative endosomes retrogradely in the dendrites. (wikipedia.org)
- While a postdoctoral student at MIT, Tomomi Kiyomitsu discovered how dynein has a role as a motor protein in aligning the chromosomes in the middle of the cell during the metaphase of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Dynein and kinesin can both be exploited by viruses to mediate the viral replication process. (wikipedia.org)
- Shown is the order of regions of interest for human cytoplasmic dynein 2 motor domains as they occur from the linker to C-terminal. (wikipedia.org)
- mRNAs are transported along microtubules (MTs) by different kinesins and cytoplasmic dynein and get anchored at the actin cortex, intermediate filaments or unknown structures (1, 3). (europa.eu)
- The assembly of cilia and flagella depends on the activity of two microtubule motor complexes kinesin-2 and dynein-2/1b but the specific functions of the different subunits are poorly defined. (biopaqc.com)
- My lab focuses on the mechanisms that generate specific microtubule arrays in polarised cells, the dynamic interactions of microtubule tips with intracellular structures and the cell cortex to control cell shape changes and the transport along microtubule arrays mediated by dynein and kinesins. (mechanochemistry.org)
Microtubules13
- Molecules can be transported around a cell by so-called motor proteins that move along a network of filaments called microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
- The head of the non-motor protein cannot bind to ATP, although it can bind to microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
- studied how a molecular motor made up of Kar3 and Cik1 moves along microtubules using sensitive microscopy that allows single molecules to be observed. (elifesciences.org)
- This revealed that, contrary to what is expected from a non-processive motor, Kar3-Cik1 moves long distances on microtubules without detaching from them. (elifesciences.org)
- Kinesin-8s are dual-activity motor proteins that can move processively on microtubules and depolymerize microtubule plus-ends, but their mechanism of combining these distinct activities remains unclear. (nature.com)
- Single Cik1-Kar3 Kinesin-14 motor proteins (red) moving along taxol-stabilized microtubules (blue), visualized by TIRF microscopy. (uni-due.de)
- Note unidirectional, processive runs of individual motor molecules along the microtubules. (uni-due.de)
- article{Verbrugge2009, abstract = {The motor protein Kinesin-1 drives intracellular transport along microtubules, with each of its two motor domains taking 16-nm steps in a hand-over-hand fashion. (dissem.in)
- 2001). The assembly and the functions of the spindle apparatus are tightly regulated by the orchestrated interplay of dynamic microtubules and motor proteins (Wittmann et al. (uni-konstanz.de)
- 2005). Kif18A is a member of the kinesin-8 protein family characterized by its unique dual functionality, which couples a highly processive motor activity with the ability to destabilize microtubules by specifically depolymerizing them at their plus end (Mayr et al. (uni-konstanz.de)
- Notably, this kinesin is required to slow down the oscillatory movements of chromosomes happening in prometaphase after their binding to kinetochore-microtubules and to increase their switch rate across the spindle equatorial region, ultimately leading to the correct chromosome positioning at the metaphase plate (Stumpff et al. (uni-konstanz.de)
- Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport . (wikipedia.org)
Superfamily of motor proteins2
- Nobutaka Hirokawa (廣川 信隆, Hirokawa Nobutaka) (born March 25, 1946) is a Japanese neuroscientist and cell biologist famous for research on the kinesin superfamily of motor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Specific members of the Myosin superfamily of motor proteins are known to transport cargo along actin filaments. (mechanobio.info)
Microtubule motor1
- Predicted to enable microtubule binding activity and minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity. (nih.gov)
Protein15
- A motor protein called Kar3 belongs to a group of non-processive kinesins. (elifesciences.org)
- unlike most of the motors in this group (which work together in pairs), Kar3 motor protein subunits each bind to and work with non-motor protein subunits, including one called Cik1. (elifesciences.org)
- this raises questions about how the Kar3 motor protein moves along the microtubule, and whether this affects the roles the motor performs. (elifesciences.org)
- found that the Kar3-Cik1 motor binds to and transports a protein complex that is crucial for separating chromosomes during cell division. (elifesciences.org)
- The neuron-specific kinesin superfamily protein KIF1A is a unique monomeric motor for anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors. (wikipedia.org)
- Randomization of left-right asymmetry due to loss of nodal cilia generating leftward flow of extraembryonic fluid in mice lacking KIF3B motor protein. (wikipedia.org)
- A Processive Single-Headed Motor: Kinesin Superfamily Protein KIF1A. (wikipedia.org)
- Kinesin superfamily motor protein KIF17 and mLin-10 in NMDA receptor-containing vesicle transport. (wikipedia.org)
- Kinesin superfamily protein 2A (KIF2A) functions in suppression of collateral branch extension. (wikipedia.org)
- Kinesin-14 motor protein KIFC1 participates in DNA synthesis and chromatin maintenance. (nih.gov)
- Collectively, these results led to the discovery of the first small molecule inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin Kif18A, which could be employed as a powerful tool to functionally dissect and characterize the different properties of this motor protein. (uni-konstanz.de)
- Mer fysisk aktivitet Tyngdlyftning Ata en balanserad kost med magert protein, halsosamma fetter och komplexa kolhydrater. (tastefactoryuk.com)
- I'm Ron Vale, 00:00:16.25 and in this talk 00:00:18.09 I'd like to introduce you 00:00:19.21 to molecular motor proteins, 00:00:21.18 which are these fascinating protein machines 00:00:23.12 that are featured in this animated video here. (ibiology.org)
- We show that guanylate kinase-associated kinesin (GAKIN), a kinesin-like motor protein, directly interacts with a PIP 3 -interacting protein, PIP 3 BP, and mediates the transport of PIP 3 -containing vesicles. (silverchair.com)
- The 2019 edition of the meeting, held from 18-20 October at the National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, India and organised by Mahak Sharma (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali) and Anindya Ghosh Roy (NBRC), was witness to stimulating research on a range of topics related to the cytoskeleton, including cytoskeletal organization, motor protein function and regulation, mechanical forces and vesicular transport, and trafficking in health and disease. (silverchair.com)
Motility4
- By analyzing the single-molecule properties of engineered motors, we demonstrate that the non-catalytic domain has a key role in the motility mechanism by acting as a 'foothold' that allows Kar3 to bias translocation towards the minus end. (elifesciences.org)
- On straight tubulin protofilaments in the microtubule lattice, loop-2-tubulin contacts inhibit conformational changes in the motor core, but in the ADP-Pi state these contacts are relaxed, allowing neck-linker docking for motility. (nature.com)
- We propose that these tubulin shape-induced alternations between pro-microtubule-depolymerization and pro-motility kinesin states, regulated by loop-2, are the key to the dual activity of kinesin-8 motors. (nature.com)
- The motility and depolymerization cycles in purely motile and purely depolymerizing kinesins are thus very different. (nature.com)
Mechanism5
- This mechanism rivals the speed and run length of conventional motors, can support transport of the Ndc80 complex in vitro and is critical for Kar3 function in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
- Switch-based mechanism of kinesin motors. (wikipedia.org)
- An important gap in our understanding of the kinesin-8 depolymerization mechanism is the lack of a kinesin-8 structure bound to curved tubulin. (nature.com)
- Y. Okada and N. Hirokawa, Mechanism of the single headed processivity: diffusional anchoring between the K-loop of kinesin and the C terminus of tubulin, in Proc. (esaim-m2an.org)
- Comparison of MfLon to related AAA+ enzymes now provides strong evidence that HCLR-clade enzymes function using a shared power-stroke mechanism and, surprisingly, that MfLon is more processive than ClpXP and ClpAP. (bvsalud.org)
Kinetochore1
- We have recently started to investigate motor proteins involved in kinetochore transport ( Movie 2 ). (uni-due.de)
Neuronal2
- KIF4 motor regulates activity-dependent neuronal survival by suppressing PARP-1 enzymatic activity. (wikipedia.org)
- Mutations affecting zipcodes, RBPs or motor-proteins required for neuronal mRNA localization were shown to lead to severe neurodegenerative diseases as ALS, FXTAS and FXS (7), underlining the need to understand the mechanisms that drive neuronal mRNA transport. (europa.eu)
Molecules1
- In most cells, kinesins tend to transport other molecules away from the center and towards the cell edge. (elifesciences.org)
Recruitment and activation1
- Increased SPAG9/JIP4 levels induce abnormal recruitment and activation of kinesin-1, which we propose results in an unproductive tug-of-war between anterograde and retrograde motors bound to autophagosomes. (biomed.news)
Intracellular1
- What started as an informal meeting among a handful of labs involved in intracellular trafficking has grown to include tens of labs, both young and established, all interested in understanding the cytoskeleton and motor proteins in the context of intracellular trafficking. (silverchair.com)
Stall force1
- We report that KIF1C is a strong processive motor with a stall force of 5.7 pN and characterise two pathogenic mutations P176L and R169W that cause hereditary spastic paraplegia and cerebellar dysfunction. (mechanochemistry.org)
Mechanisms2
- Hirokawa's work is mostly focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in transporting materials within nerve cells, in particular in his discovery of many of the functions of the Kinesin superfamily of molecular motors. (wikipedia.org)
- Molecular motors and mechanisms of directional transport in neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Reveal3
- These data reveal that the microtubule depolymerization activity of kinesin-8 originates from conformational changes of its motor core that are amplified by dynamic contacts between its extended loop-2 and tubulin. (nature.com)
- These results reveal that, during a step, a kinesin motor domain dwells in a well-defined intermediate position for approximately 3 ms. (dissem.in)
- Measurements reveal an order of magnitude improvement in the contrast of nematic flow speeds between maximally- and minimally-illuminated states for opto-K365 motors when compared to opto-K401 construct. (optobase.org)
Chromosome2
- Motor proteins of the conserved kinesin-14 family have important roles in mitotic spindle organization and chromosome segregation. (elifesciences.org)
- Zhang and Matunis 2009), a member of the kinesin-7 family involved in chromosome alignment and checkpoint signaling pathways (Yao et al. (uni-konstanz.de)
Family3
- Many motor proteins-including the kinesin family of these proteins-can only move in one direction along a microtubule. (elifesciences.org)
- Kinesin Family Member C1 (KIFC1) Accelerates Proliferation and Invasion of Endometrial Cancer Cells Through Modulating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. (nih.gov)
- The Kinesin-3 Family: Long-Distance Transporters in: The Kinesin Superfamily Handbook: Transporter, Creator, Destroyer, ed. (mechanochemistry.org)
Bound1
- Neck-linker docking in the microtubule-bound motor domain propels the second, microtubule-unbound, motor domain towards the microtubule plus-end, enabling a single stepping event. (nature.com)
Tubulin1
- On curved microtubule ends, loop-1 inserts into preceding motor domains, forming head-to-tail arrays of kinesin-8s that complement loop-2 contacts with curved tubulin and assist depolymerization. (nature.com)
Molecular4
- M. Chipot, D. Kinderlehrer and M. Kowalczyk, A variational principle for molecular motors. (esaim-m2an.org)
- P. Palffy-Muhoray, T. Kosa and E. Weinan, Dynamics of a light driven molecular motor. (esaim-m2an.org)
- 00:00:57.13 And finally, I'll tell you 00:00:59.06 some things about 00:01:00.28 how these molecular motor proteins 00:01:02.16 are relevant to human health 00:01:04.14 and disease. (ibiology.org)
- The Molecular Motors, Transport and Trafficking (M2T2) meeting serves as a platform for both Indian and global scientists working on the cytoskeleton, cytoskeletal motors and membrane trafficking to gather and discuss the latest developments in the field. (silverchair.com)
Structures2
- Kinesins can have different structures, but most are made up of two subunits that are joined and work together to create a walking-like movement. (elifesciences.org)
- A lack of high-resolution structures capturing a kinesin-8 motor domain at each major step of its motile and microtubule depolymerization cycles has limited our understanding of the relationship between these two catalytic cycles and the structural elements of the motor domain that control them. (nature.com)
Adaptors1
- Also in this specific case, it is not understood how RBPs, potential adaptors and motor proteins, which are essential for the transport of CaMKIIa-mRNA are mechanistically contributing to its correct localisation. (europa.eu)
Cycles1
- At this time, our knowledge of the catalytic cycles of kinesins is limited to motile kinesins that are incapable of microtubule depolymerization, and to microtubule-depolymerizing kinesins that are non-motile. (nature.com)
Cytoskeleton1
- How do motor proteins transport cargo along the cytoskeleton? (mechanobio.info)
Mutations1
- Both mutations reduce microtubule binding, but are fast and processive motors in single molecule assays. (mechanochemistry.org)
Dynamics1
- We assess the ability of two light responsive kinesin motor clusters to drive dynamics of microtubule-based active nematics: opto-K401, a processive motor, and opto-K365, a non-processive motor. (optobase.org)
Combine1
- The features of the kinesin-8 cycle that allow their motors to combine both activities remain unknown. (nature.com)
Domains4
- Submolecular domains of bovine brain kinesin identified by electron microscopy and monoclonal antibody decoration. (wikipedia.org)
- Here, we use Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorescent labels on both motor domains of a single kinesin. (dissem.in)
- This approach allows us to resolve the relative distance between the motor domains and their relative orientation, on the submillisecond timescale, during processive stepping. (dissem.in)
- Their force output doubles on microtubule bundles and we propose a model whereby the separation of the motor domains during crossbridging activates the motor. (mechanochemistry.org)
Moves1
- The way in which a single-motor domain moves during a step is unknown. (dissem.in)
Context1
- Previous studies have indicated that kinesin-14 motors are non-processive enzymes, working in the context of multi-motor ensembles that collectively organize microtubule networks. (elifesciences.org)
Cargo1
- Similar to a freight train, motor proteins capable of carrying cargo also face restrictions in the direction they can travel, the speed at which they travel and the possibility of traffic jams along the route. (mechanobio.info)
Step1
- Each subunit has a region called a motor domain (also known as its 'head') that can bind to the microtubule and to a molecule called ATP, which provides the energy required for the motor to step forward. (elifesciences.org)
Move2
- Further investigation showed that Cik1 provides a 'foothold' for the motor, binding it to the microtubule in such a way that allows it to move along the microtubule in the opposite direction to most kinesins. (elifesciences.org)
- R.D. Vale and R.A. Milligan, The way things move: looking under the hood of motor proteins. (esaim-m2an.org)
Synaptic1
- Muscles contain the synaptic connection between lower motor neurons and muscle fibers, i.e., the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), as well as specialized sensory nerve endings (e.g., muscle spindles). (frontiersin.org)
Activity1
- We also determined a crystal structure of microtubule-unbound Ca Kip3-ADP (2.0 Å) and analyzed the biochemical activity of Ca Kip3 and kinesin-1 mutants. (nature.com)
Domain1
- Subsequent entry of ATP initiates closing of the nucleotide-binding pocket and docking of a short peptide, known as the neck-linker, along the side of the motor domain. (nature.com)
Viruses2
- [11] Not much is known about virus' motor-specific binding sites, but it is known that some viruses contain proline-rich sequences (that diverge between viruses) which, when removed, reduces dynactin binding, axon transport (in culture), and neuroinvasion in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
- Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
Show1
- In this study, we show that the yeast kinesin-14 Kar3 generates processive movement as a heterodimer with the non-motor proteins Cik1 or Vik1. (elifesciences.org)
Found1
- Mechanistically, we found that hyperactive LRRK2 recruits SPAG9/JIP4, a motor adaptor known to bind to LRRK2-phosphorylated RAB proteins, to the autophagosomal membrane. (biomed.news)
Group1
- Our chapter in the kinesin superfamily handbook describes the largest subfamily, kinesin-3, a group of motors recently shown to be superprocessive and working as cellular long-distance transporters. (mechanochemistry.org)
Steps1
- Processive motors can walk continuously along a microtubule for several hundred steps, whereas non-processive motors fall off after just a few steps. (elifesciences.org)