• Using stable oxygen isotopes, a water-mixing model was developed to estimate the nutrient concentration that would occur at the rivermouth if mixing was strictly conservative (i.e. if no processing occurred within the rivermouth). (usgs.gov)
  • At issue is the ratio of two stable oxygen isotopes - oxygen-16 and oxygen-18 - in lumps of carbonate mineral found in sediments from dried-out mountain lakes. (wordnik.com)
  • The rostra of belemnites, an extinct group of mollusks with a wide temporal and spatial occurrence in the Mesozoic, have been extensively used for deep-time paleoclimate reconstructions using oxygen isotope geochemistry. (ugr.es)
  • The application of carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) thermometry in deep-time is often limited by modification of the original temperature signal by thermal resetting. (ugr.es)
  • Both textural and sulfur isotope data reveal the dynamic nature of mineralization at Tara Deep and infer fluid mixing. (gla.ac.uk)
  • around 5‰ shifts to higher 34S in the surface-derived S isotope signatures (both bacteriogenic sulfide and sulfate) indicate that Tara Deep's sulfur was sourced from a distinct seawater/connate fluid signature. (gla.ac.uk)
  • This report discusses measurements on fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures, salinities, and sulfur isotopes. (cdc.gov)
  • Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope data suggest that some outlying mineralization was more strongly influenced by local diagenetic processes than by processes that formed the main upper Mississippi Valley deposits. (cdc.gov)
  • Frasassi represents a "sulfur world," an ecosystem based not on oxygen, but on sulfur as an energy source. (nasa.gov)
  • The novel method using nanoporous carbon to distill O-18 can be used not only for PET diagnosis but for research on dementia, and this novel method can be applied to the separation of carbon and nitrogen isotopes, and other molecules useful for isotopic analysis methods and therapeutic cancer drugs. (eurekalert.org)
  • Similar to the profound insights that carbon and oxygen isotope systematics have brought to climate research, we aim to use variations in mercury isotopic compositions to fingerprint natural and anthropogenic sources, quantify isotope fractionation processes and provide new constraints on models of mercury cycling. (europa.eu)
  • In laboratories, the temperature, humidity, ventilation and so on affect the accuracy of oxygen isotope measurements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Solid samples (organic and inorganic) for oxygen isotope measurements are usually stored in silver cups and measured with pyrolysis and mass spectrometry. (wikipedia.org)
  • A rosette sampling system equipped with 12-10 l General Oceanics sampling bottles was used to collect samples for oxygen isotopes and salinity measurements. (bodc.ac.uk)
  • This study uses a combination of micro-Computed Tomography measurements to determine geometrical snow properties combined with oxygen isotope analysis to understand the ice origin (atmospheric or marine). (copernicus.org)
  • High-precision measurements of all three oxygen isotopes ( 16 O, 18 O, and 17 O) was once limited to highly specialized labs with expensive, complex sample preparation systems for analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). (picarro.com)
  • Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radioactive tracers and enables the functional imaging of several metabolic processes, blood flow measurements, regional chemical composition, and/or chemical absorption. (nih.gov)
  • Based on measurements of oxygen isotopes trapped within the rings of only eight cedar trees in Bolivia, scientists at the University of Leeds in Great Britain say they can tell how much it has rained over the entire Amazon basin during the past century. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • The crucial data are the deuterium / hydrogen ratios (D/H). Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen. (hawaii.edu)
  • We propose to use mercury isotope ratios analysis as a tool to investigate natural and anthropogenic emissions of mercury into the environment. (europa.eu)
  • The results obtained show that both the position of feet on or within the pyre and the presence of footwears may moderately-to-highly influence the oxygen isotope ratios of bone apatite carbonates and the cyanamide content of calcined bone in certain situations. (plos.org)
  • Here, we use previous AIS reconstructions, water isotope ratios from ice cores, and simulator predictions of the relationship between the ice-sheet shape and isotope ratios to create a model of the AIS at the Last Glacial Maximum. (bas.ac.uk)
  • We develop a prior distribution that captures expert opinion about the AIS, generate a designed ensemble of potential shapes, run these through the climate model HadCM3, and train a Gaussian process emulator of the link between ice-sheet shape and isotope ratios. (bas.ac.uk)
  • We use Markov chain Monte Carlo to sample from the posterior distribution, finding shapes for which HadCM3 predicts isotope ratios closely matching observations from ice cores. (bas.ac.uk)
  • We evaluated the possibility of using the number of exchanged oxygen atoms as a descriptor to filter database candidates in untargeted LC-MS-based workflows. (acs.org)
  • The carbon dioxide provides two of the oxygen atoms in the calcite. (wikipedia.org)
  • To find out more about the positions of particular atoms within a sample, scientists use a trick called isotopic substitution where the scattering length (or ability to bounce neutrons) of a particular element is 'tuned' by substituting one of its isotopes for another. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In modern structural analysis, researchers commonly interchange hydrogen with its heavier isotope deuterium to probe the locations of atoms in water or other hydrogen containing materials. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Atoms tend to combine with other atoms to form molecules (for example, hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water). (cdc.gov)
  • In a tracer substance containing a gamma-emitting isotope, positrons escape from the nuclei of the decaying radioactive atoms with a kinetic energy that drives them through the tissue. (nih.gov)
  • Doubly-Labeled Water - Participants are given special water where some of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms are replaced with non-radioactive and non-toxic isotopes. (nih.gov)
  • The carbon isotope signature of the dissolved inorganic carbon of drip water ( δ 13 C DIC ) is likely driven by seasonal changes in the temperature controlling biological processes (vegetation and microbial soil activity), resulting in minimum δ 13 C DIC in summer and autumn months. (copernicus.org)
  • Oxygen isotope ratio cycles are cyclical variations in the ratio of the abundance of oxygen with an atomic mass of 18 to the abundance of oxygen with an atomic mass of 16 present in some substances, such as polar ice or calcite in ocean core samples, measured with the isotope fractionation. (wikipedia.org)
  • δ18O Isotope fractionation Miller, Dana L. (wikipedia.org)
  • The isotope ratio in the calcite is therefore the same, after compensation, as the ratio in the water from which the microorganisms of a given layer extracted the material of the shell. (wikipedia.org)
  • A higher abundance of 18O in calcite is indicative of colder water temperatures, since the lighter isotopes are all stored in the glacial ice. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, the fidelity of the oxygen isotopic variations preserved in aragonite stalagmites is not yet as firmly established as for calcite stalagmites, and few studies have investigated oxygen isotope replication and equilibrium with cave drip waters. (geoscienceworld.org)
  • Here, we present results from heating experiments on belemnite rostral calcite and optical calcite and provide belemnite-specific kinetic parameters for clumped isotope resetting. (ugr.es)
  • We suggest that fast initial resetting results from oxygen isotope exchange of belemnite calcite with internal skeletal water present as fluid inclusions or organic-derived water, a process completed within 2-4 min at the experimental temperatures used here. (ugr.es)
  • Banana peel contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the form of carbohydrates, water and proteins. (rsc.org)
  • Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen: H2O. (caltech.edu)
  • Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) is the most widespread implementation of isotope exchange for mass spectrometry, while oxygen 16 O/ 18 O exchange is not applied as frequently as HDX. (acs.org)
  • Steven Desch (Arizona State University) and Katharine Robinson (Lunar and Planetary Institute, TX) used the abundances of hydrogen isotopes (hydrogen and deuterium) to probe the sources of water in the Moon and Earth. (hawaii.edu)
  • The isotope studies support a connate seawater source for the mineralizing fluids from both areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Rusting steel wool in seawater to produce iron oxides under near-equilibrium conditions, for calibration of temperature-dependent oxide-water oxygen isotope fractionations. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Belemnites are also important targets for clumped isotope-based temperature reconstructions, but often are found to have reset Δ47 compositions. (ugr.es)
  • These results show that the modern aragonite precipitates in apparent oxygen isotopic equilibrium with drip waters, and the two aragonite speleothems replicate strongly over the past 530 yr, thus confirming a common paleoclimate signal. (geoscienceworld.org)
  • While speleothems represent long-lasting paleoclimate archives with a host of potential elemental and isotopic proxies for climate, the interpretation of these proxies depends on the understanding of complex physical, chemical, and biological processes. (copernicus.org)
  • The project CorsicArchive (Altitudinal Gradients and Forest Response: Climate, Hydrology and Isotope Variability of a Mediterranean Ecosystem) was established by a consortium of experts in different research fields and is funded by the German Science Foundation DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). (uni-marburg.de)
  • Present data indicate that O isotope composition is homogeneous inside of fassaite grains as well as among grains in the HN3-1 CAI, and that the delta(exp 18) O value (-24.14 percent relative to SMOW) determined previously could be applied to most fassaite grains. (nasa.gov)
  • Kamen used the isotope oxygen-18 to trace the chemical's role in the process, confirming that that the oxygen created during photosynthesis comes only from the water molecules. (wordnik.com)
  • Conventional lead isotope analyses display remarkably homogenous 206Pb/204Pb of 18.23±0.006 (2σ, n=25), which is consistent with Pb isotope data across the Navan deposit. (gla.ac.uk)
  • It is hoped that as the process develops, comprehensive life-cycle analyses and economic assessments will fully assess the environmental and economic benefits of the technology. (rsc.org)
  • Oxygen isotope evidence from Ryugu samples for early water delivery to Earth by CI chondrites. (open.ac.uk)
  • It is often found in structurally disordered materials like silicates in planetary science, glasses for lasers and optical communications, oxide layers in silicon-based electronic devices and water in biological processes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In order to demonstrate the powerful potential of their new technique, the team turned to the structure of the best-known oxide in nature -- liquid water where the imprecise results from hydrogen isotope substitution had created some uncertainty. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The structure and dynamics of water have long been controversial subjects since they can have profound effects on biological processes, and there can be dramatic differences between heavy and light water. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Dew is closely related to the micro-use of water and to large-scale hydrological processes. (authorea.com)
  • Here, stable isotope for dew, ambient water vapor, soil water, plant water, creek water, and precipitation were tracked to determine the characteristics of dew from ecohydrological processes in the meadow. (authorea.com)
  • Auxiliary sensors, such as fluorometers, dissolved oxygen sensors and transmissometers, and carousel water samplers are commonly added to the underwater unit. (bodc.ac.uk)
  • Over the past 10 years, analytical developments have enabled a few laboratories to reach sufficient precision for measuring the triple oxygen isotopes, expressed by the 17 O -excess ( 17 O -excess = ln ( δ 17 O + 1) - 0.528 × ln ( δ 18 O + 1)), in water, water vapor and minerals. (copernicus.org)
  • Naturally occurring oxygen-18 (18O) is stable and available commercially, as is water (H2O with 15% 18O). (wordnik.com)
  • Because water containing oxygen-18 is heavier than that containing the more common isotope oxygen-16, it falls - and condenses - more easily from clouds. (wordnik.com)
  • Introduce water directly into the analyzer, either as vapor or using a vaporization process that converts liquid water to vapor. (picarro.com)
  • other depositional and post-depositional processes need to be accounted for. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • Oxygen isotopes and sulphate are more conservative in their post-depositional behaviour than the more volatile acids, such as nitrate and to some degree chloride and methanesulphonic acid. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • Diagenetic processes include dolomitization, mineralization and extensive pressure solution, which complicate the lithofacies reconstruction by occluding pre-existing textures. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Dhofar 1671 - a recently found meteorite from Oman that previously was classified as a carbonaceous chondrite finally 'phone home' with the help of oxygen isotopes - is a Rumuruti chondrite that has clearly shown that there is a genetic relationship between OCs and RCs based on the oxygen isotopic compositions of its chondrules and matrices. (databasefootball.com)
  • To extract the information encoded in the chemical and isotopic compositions of natural materials in modern environments and sedimentary rocks, we must understand the processes that generate these signals. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • In order to speed up the process of cross-linked peptide identification and characterization, we have previously reported the development of Pro-CrossLink, a suite of software tools consisting of three programs, DetectShift, IdentifyXLink and AssignXLink for mass spectrometric data analysis. (nih.gov)
  • The lighter hydrogen isotope is comparable in mass to the neutron which generates imprecise scattering data and makes determination of structure more difficult. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Oxygen isotope data of ordinary chondrites collected during the 2013 joint search expedition between the Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) and Western University , Canada, have unequivocally demonstrated that L-chondrite (i.e. (databasefootball.com)
  • Contributions could be related to field applications, new approaches in geophysical or in-situ survey techniques, or theoretical advances in data analysis processing or inversion. (copernicus.org)
  • However, paragenetic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope data indicate major differences in the genetic history of the outlying occurrences. (cdc.gov)
  • PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The SCIEX 6600 Triple TOF (QToF) LC/MS/MS with Differential Mobility Spectroscopy is requested as a dedicated platform that integrates intermediary metabolomics with orthogonal -omics data and tracks stable isotope fluxes through intracellular and inter-tissue metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Exercise Testing Lab - We measure a participant's oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiration rate, blood pressure, and EKG during standardized and specialized exercise testing protocols on treadmills or stationary bicycles (upright and recumbent ergometers). (nih.gov)
  • this allows the operator to independently and directly measure the carbon dioxide production rate and oxygen consumption of the test subject while the expired gases are removed for study. (nih.gov)
  • 10-30% of snow grains on FYI are affected by vapour migration from the sea ice, and can now be thought of as a mix of ocean and atmospheric sourced particles, which can be distinguished by oxygen isotope analysis. (copernicus.org)
  • These effects can result in non-thermal resonant effects of magnetic fields on redox processes in particular, and on the metabolism of the organism in general. (researchgate.net)
  • Metabolism is the process of generating energy from nutrients. (nih.gov)
  • They would need a non-invasive way to measure local tissue concentrations of the tracer isotope. (nih.gov)
  • David Kuhl, then in the Department of Radiology at the University of Pennsylvania, had built a single-photon scanner that could measure local concentrations of gamma-emitting isotopes in cross sections of human brain by rotating radiation detectors (scintillation probes) around the head. (nih.gov)
  • The concentrations of the isotopes are measured over time by sampling saliva, urine, or blood. (nih.gov)
  • This distillation process causes precipitation to have lower 18O/16O as the temperature decreases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CTD unit comprised a Sea-Bird Electronics 911 plus with two pairs of temperature and conductivity sensors and a SBE43 oxygen sensor. (bodc.ac.uk)
  • Depending on the process being investigated, the laboratory experiments span degrees of control and complexity from full temperature-controlled chemostats to simple room-temperature batch reactions. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • NWA 11119 provides important constraints on the early Solar System processes that allow for the formation of evolved melt compositions. (nature.com)
  • Triple oxygen isotope compositions of meteorites are important to understand the early Solar System processes due to the primordial nature of this abundant element in the universe. (databasefootball.com)
  • Oxygen isotope analysis considers only the ratio of 18O to 16O present in a sample. (wikipedia.org)
  • Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) using negative Au primary ion was applied to in situ oxygen isotope ratio analysis on a polished thin section of the CAI. (nasa.gov)
  • Our statistical analysis determines the role of dew in an alpine graminoid-Kobresia meadow in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which provides an improved understanding of dew formation based on a stable isotope technology. (authorea.com)
  • Through simple statistical analysis we show that there are differences in sensitivity to these processes between the analyzed species. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • The focus of the session is to compare experiences in the application, processing, analysis and interpretation of different geophysical and in-situ techniques in these highly complex environments. (copernicus.org)
  • Oxygen (chemical symbol O) has three naturally occurring isotopes: 16O, 17O, and 18O, where the 16, 17 and 18 refer to the atomic mass. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, O-18 is an important substance indispensable for PET diagnosis but was difficult to procure because only 0.2% of naturally occurring oxygen is O-18. (eurekalert.org)
  • The oxygen isotopic chain offers a large variation of separation energies that allows for a quantitative understanding of single-particle strength with changing isospin asymmetry. (osti.gov)
  • Researchers have devised an ultrafast biomass splitting process using flash light irradiation to convert dried biomass powders, such as banana peel, into valuable gases and solids, including hydrogen and biochar. (rsc.org)
  • Other studies used the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 δ 18O in the shells, so Mg/Ca provides a parallel measure. (wordnik.com)
  • Cave-monitoring studies clarify the climatic, surface vegetation, and karst processes affecting the cave system and lay the foundation for interpreting geochemical stalagmite records. (copernicus.org)
  • The combination of DMS with the high resolution and speed of ToF and mass fragmentation minimize isobaric interference which otherwise plague stable isotope studies. (nih.gov)
  • Further, a vague link between OCs and Rumuruti chondrites (RCs) has been documented previously based on oxygen isotope compositions of different minerals (i.e., olivine, pyroxene, feldspar, and cristobalite) in few meteorites representing both subgroups. (databasefootball.com)
  • The experimental subject (e.g. mammal) is first contacted with a substrate (e.g. amino acid, fatty acid, organic acid) containing an isotope (e.g. 13 C) and placed in the chamber. (nih.gov)
  • It is exciting to see that my guest professorship at Shinshu University allowed me to participate in this very important multi-institutional project that led to development of a new process for separation of oxygen isotopes using carbon nanomaterials developed in my lab at Drexel University. (eurekalert.org)
  • Research Foundation Flanders (FWO - Hercules Program) provided support in the form of an upgrade to the stable isotope laboratory through grants awarded to PC (HERC9, HERC46) and the acquisition of ATR-FTIR instrumentation through a grant awarded to PC (HERC35). (plos.org)
  • Using an instrument called a mass spectrometer think of it as an atomic weighing machine, they studied the relative abundance in the meteorite's silicate minerals of three isotopes of oxygen - oxygen-16, oxygen-17 and oxygen-18 . (wordnik.com)
  • The instrument operates in our existing Islet, Oxygen consumption, Mass Isotopomer flux Core analytical core (IOMIC) through chargebacks and with institutional support at cost under an established, university-approved Internal Service Provider (ISP) account. (nih.gov)
  • The collective flow of nutrient substrates into synthetic or catabolic pathways that best describes key functions, transformations, differentiations, adaptations, or disease processes of a cell, tissue, or organism. (nih.gov)
  • Metabolic Carts - A metabolic cart is used to precisely measure the oxygen you inhale and the carbon dioxide you exhale during rest, after meals, and during certain exercises. (nih.gov)
  • The use of oxygen isotope substitution will lead to more accurate structural modeling of oxide materials found in everything from biological processes to electronic devices, new research suggests. (sciencedaily.com)
  • All isotopes of an element, even those that are radioactive, react chemically in the same way. (cdc.gov)
  • Citation: Taylor, G. J. (March, 2020) Hydrogen Isotopes in Small Lunar Samples Provide Clues to the Origin of the Earth and Moon, PSRD, http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Mar20/moon-formation-hydrogen.html. (hawaii.edu)
  • In this case, they found a slight excess in the abundance of oxygen-17 and oxygen-18 compared with rocks from Earth, just as we would expect from a Martian rock. (wordnik.com)
  • The process generates 100 litres of hydrogen (along with carbon monoxide, some light hydrocarbons and 330 grams of solid biochar) per kilogram of banana peel powder. (rsc.org)
  • One such promising feature is the number of specific functional groups of a molecule that can be counted via derivatization or isotope-exchange techniques. (acs.org)
  • Here, we propose an implementation of 16 O/ 18 O isotope exchange to highlight various functional groups. (acs.org)
  • Initiatives that apply functional imaging technology to the study of the neuroanatomical and neurochemical mechanisms underlying the motivational/drive aspects of the alcohol addiction process will eventually lead to new treatments for alcoholism. (nih.gov)
  • Responsible for these fluctuations in oxygenation were likely driven by the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several decades of field, geophysical, analogue, and numerical modeling investigations have enabled documentation of the wide range of tectonic transport processes in accretionary wedges, which constitute some of the most dynamic plate boundary environments on Earth. (eurekalert.org)