• The objective of this study was to determined content and, where possible, associated expression of genes limiting biosynthesis and catabolism of some of these hormones in potato tuber for coordination with established wound-healing processes. (usda.gov)
  • Wound-induced activation of cytokinin biosynthesis was suggested by the appearance of precursors (trans) zeatin riboside and (cis) zeatin riboside (t-ZR and c-ZR respectively) at 0.5 d and large increases in IPA and c-ZR by 3 d and throughout 7 d after wounding. (usda.gov)
  • In collaboration with the University of Hawai'i at Manoa, ARS scientists at the Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology in Gainesville, FL show that cytokinin hypersignalling promotes JA production by turning on genes for JA biosynthesis. (usda.gov)
  • High soil temperature may damage roots, a primary site of cytokinin biosynthesis. (bioagservicescorp.com)
  • We investigate the genes regulating biosynthesis and metabolism of cytokinin, cytokinin signal perception and signal transduction primarily in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . (fu-berlin.de)
  • It is involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. (riken.jp)
  • Phytohormones such as cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA) and auxins play a vital role in plant development and regulatory processes. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • This bud produces auxins that suppress growth from any other (axillary) buds lower down on the stem, in a process called apical dominance. (rhs.org.uk)
  • Zinnia cell culture is a unique model system, which at the administration of certain ratio of cytokinins and auxins can be induced to trans-differentiate into vessel elements. (europa.eu)
  • Seaweed is chock-full of important hormones that are essential to plant health like auxins, cytokinins, betaines, and gibbelerins. (panamin.bg)
  • The main hormones in seaweed are auxins, cytokinins, betaines and gibbelerins. (panamin.bg)
  • Cytokinin regulates yield in crop plants, which is an extremely important trait. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Finally, cytokinin regulates responses to stress. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Cytokinin mainly regulates the process of cytokinesis. (edumarz.com)
  • p53 also regulates many cellular processes including metabolism, antioxidant response, and DNA repair. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Knowing the potential stress-protective effects of cytokinins from the plant physiology literature, in the early 2000s Bingru Huang, Ph.D., of Rutgers University investigated whether root injection of synthetic cytokinin would alleviate heat stress decline of creeping bentgrass (Figure 1). (golfdom.com)
  • Ontogenetic changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and effects of cytokinins 36: 527-528. (ac.ir)
  • Although the involvement of some plant hormones (abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid) in the regulation of wound-induced suberization has been determined, quantitative information on the remaining classical plant hormones (cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin content) in resting and wound-responding potato tuber is lacking. (usda.gov)
  • In plants, this occurs in growing zones called meristems and is controlled by three hormones: auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin. (rhs.org.uk)
  • Cytokinin cause a rapid increase in the expression of response regulator genes Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones that promote cell division in plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zeatin is a member of the cytokinin family, a class of phytohormones involved in various processes of growth and development in plants. (kegg.jp)
  • I then hypothesized that this network could consist of two mutually inhibitory auxin and cytokinin signalling pathway components. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Using in planta analysis, I was able to show that both auxin and cytokinin signalling levels are low specifically in the vascular cambium. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • To test my hypothesis, I investigated which genes of the auxin and cytokinin pathways are regulated by WOX4, also in comparison to WUSCHEL, a stem cell regulator of the shoot apical meristem. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • abstract = "Auxin and cytokinin are key hormonal signals that control the cellular architecture of the primary root and the initiation of new lateral root organs in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (edu.sa)
  • In this paper, sub-cellular and multi-cellular mathematical models are developed to investigate how interactions between auxin and cytokinin influence the size and location of regions of division and differentiation within the primary root, and describe how their cross-regulation may cause periodic branching of lateral roots. (edu.sa)
  • Despite the large economic and nutritional importance of tuber wound-healing, little is known about the induction of hormones that regulate molecular mechanisms and related genes controlling these processes and how they are expressed during the two major stages of wound-induced suberization, i.e. closing layer formation followed by wound periderm formation. (usda.gov)
  • Consequently, the coordination and possible networking of these classical hormones in the regulation of wound-healing processes are poorly understood. (usda.gov)
  • The ability to hasten wound-healing processes through manipulation of these regulatory plant hormones has great potential to improve economic and nutritional issues for the industry and consumers. (usda.gov)
  • NEPTUNE'S HARVEST: ORGANIC FISH FERTILIZER: Their unique cold process protects all the vitamins, minerals, amino acids, growth hormones, and much more. (lightparty.com)
  • SEACOM - BIOSTIMULANT: True liquid seaweed extract, processed to preserve the naturally occurring hormones and cytokinin content. (lightparty.com)
  • The coordination of these two processes depends on the interplay between multiple hormones that determine final organ size. (usda.gov)
  • Kinin, also called cytokinin or kinetic , is any of a group of plant hormones which affect growth and are used to slow down the aging process in plants, encourage seeds to germinate, and plants to flower, and are involved in plant responses to drought and waterlogging. (daviddarling.info)
  • Both developmental processes are regulated by cross-talk between these hormones and their signalling pathways. (edu.sa)
  • Cytokinins are another group of important plant hormones. (panamin.bg)
  • At higher concentrations of both hormones, these antagonistic interactions between cytokinin and auxin are absent. (answerlib.org)
  • Cytokinins are essential plant hormones. (answerlib.org)
  • Concurrent with Dr. Huang's research on root-injected cytokinins, my research group developed the hypothesis that the relatively high background levels of natural cytokinins in seaweed extracts (SWE) would most likely also boost creeping bentgrass tissue cytokinin levels and have similar positive stress-protective effects. (golfdom.com)
  • Cytokinins act in a restricted region of the root meristem, and their signaling and regulation of genes occurs through a multi-step phosphorelay mediate by cytokinin histidine sensor kinases, histidine phosphotransfer proteins, and cytokinin response regulator proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The type A cytokinin response regulator family in Arabidopsis thaliana consists of 10 genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of our research questions are: Which developmental processes are under control of cytokinin, and which genes are involved? (fu-berlin.de)
  • What are the individual functions of cytokinin-related genes? (fu-berlin.de)
  • We are studying the use of cytokinin genes to engineer plants with improved traits in oilseed rape, barley, and poplar. (fu-berlin.de)
  • It would be of great interest to explore the molecular mechanisms of how cytokinin transport and metabolism towards and in the grains influence their development. (plantae.org)
  • The repression of lipoxygenase by cytokinins also contributes to their overall antisenescence functions (Strivastava, 2002). (bioagservicescorp.com)
  • 2002) noted that root- zone-injection of zeatin riboside increased endogenous cytokinins, antioxidant activity, and delayed senescence in heat-stressed creeping bentgrass. (bioagservicescorp.com)
  • Cytokinins are known to be involved in multiple developmental processes, including rhizogenesis (Haberer and Kieber, 2002). (answerlib.org)
  • The cytokinins available in liquid seaweed extract stimulate growth with greater vigour because they mobilize nutrients in the leaves. (panamin.bg)
  • A cytokinin signaling and response regulator protein is a plant protein that is involved in a two step cytokinin signaling and response regulation pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinins control the differentiation of meristem cells in plant development, particularly in shoots and roots where plants undergo growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The major family of type-B cytokinin response regulators are expressed in locations on the plant that are heavily influenced by cytokinins. (wikipedia.org)
  • DRAMMATIC ORGANIC PLANT FOOD: Made from fresh fish untilizing a cold hydrolysate process which preserves the naturally occurring nutrients, vitamins, enzymes and amino acids. (lightparty.com)
  • Induction of new shoot meristems from cultured root explants is a widely used, but poorly understood, process in which apical plant tissues are regenerated from adult somatic tissue through the de novo formation of shoot meristems. (biologists.com)
  • Cytokinin, known for its role in stimulating cell division, is an important regulator of plant shape and size. (usda.gov)
  • These results highlight a heretofore unknown interplay between cytokinin and JA and reveal a possible new mechanism for the plant growth-defense trade-off. (usda.gov)
  • The focus of the lab is the hormone cytokinin , which is a powerful regulator of plant development and has also functions in the defense to stress. (fu-berlin.de)
  • The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of nitrogen × cytokinin on plant height, number of branches, leaf, stem and whole plant dry weights, essential oil percentage and yield was significant (p ≤0.01). (ac.ir)
  • The highest plant height and number of branches were obtained in the treatment of 100 kg N/ha × 400 μM cytokinin. (ac.ir)
  • 3) It used to be widely used in agriculture, horticulture and fruits as plant growth regulators with cytokinin activity.Compounded with others:to be mixed with other pesticides,fertilizer to increase their effects. (plant-growthregulators.com)
  • Senescence as an active developmental cellular process in the growth and functioning of a flowering plant, is indicated in 1. (neetprep.com)
  • Cytokinins also retard the senescence (aging processes) in the plant. (panamin.bg)
  • Does cytokinins affect plant growth? (answerlib.org)
  • Cytokinins participate in short and long-distance signaling and are transported for this signaling through the xylem of plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is being published for those who are interested in growing, processing and trading of aromatic plants. (niir.org)
  • Betaines play an essential role in the osmotic processes in plants. (panamin.bg)
  • Factors included nitrogen levels (0, 50 and 100 kg N/ha) and cytokinin concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 400 μM). (ac.ir)
  • The cytokinin signaling pathway consists of sensor kinases, histidine phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histidine phosphotransfer proteins transfer the phosphate in the multistep phosphorelay signaling pathway from cytokinin sensor kinases to their final target, cytokinin response regulators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinin response regulators proteins are the final target of the two-step phosphorelay. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type A cytokinin response regulators serve as negative regulators for cytokinin signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinin causes the rapid induction of type A response regulators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of type A cytokinin response regulators decreases sensitivity to cytokinins, and a lack of type-A cytokinin response regulators leads to increased sensitivity to cytokinins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type A cytokinin response regulators can act as negative regulators of cytokinin signaling by either competing with type-B positive regulators or by regulating the pathway through direct and indirect interactions with other pathway mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type A cytokinin response regulators are also likely involved in other processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Type B cytokinin response regulators are the positive regulators that oppose the negative regulation of type A cytokinin response regulators in the two-component cytokinin signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Differing expression of type-B cytokinin response regulators likely play a role in controlling cellular response to cytokinins. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the course of my investigations, I identified specific type-A ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs), which negatively regulate cytokinin signalling, as putative WOX4 targets. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • In Arabidopsis thaliana, most histidine phosphotransfer proteins are redundant, positive regulators in cytokinin signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • These regulators play a critical role in early response to cytokinin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extensive research has identified cytokinins as a class of very effective antisenescence growth regulators (Woo et al. (bioagservicescorp.com)
  • Here we examine the Hairy Sheath Frayed1 (Hsf1) maize mutant, which perceives an overabundance of cytokinin and also accumulates jasmonic acid (JA) to abnormally high levels. (usda.gov)
  • These processes include formation of the protective closing layer (the first stage where existing cells at the wound surface are suberized) and wound periderm formation (the second stage where new protective cells are formed and suberization beneath the closing layer) as well as associated supporting processes such as the defined period of wound-induced DNA synthesis. (usda.gov)
  • Formation and fusion of TEs into a xylem vessel involves a cascade of processes, including cell division, cell elongation, cell wall synthesis, cell wall material deposition and lignification and, a final step of programmed cell death (PCD). (europa.eu)
  • After synthesis cytokinins can be glucosylated. (kegg.jp)
  • How are these cytokinin activities linked to other cellular signaling pathways? (fu-berlin.de)
  • What are the cellular responses to cytokinin? (fu-berlin.de)
  • Using a multi-cellular model, we also analyse the roles of cytokinin and auxin in specifying the three main regions of the primary root (elongation, transition and division zones), our simulation results being in good agreement with independent experimental observations. (edu.sa)
  • Most abundant cytokinins are adenine-type, where the N6 position of adenine is substituted with an isoprenoid, such as in zeatin, or an aromatic side chain, such as in kinetin. (kegg.jp)
  • This study was designed to determine whether SWE-based cytokinins affect creeping bentgrass heat tolerance, and to compare effects of SWE-based cytokinins to those of a trans -zeatin riboside ( t -ZR)-standard. (bioagservicescorp.com)
  • The aim is to obtain better understanding of the involvement of different endogenous and environmental factors in the process of xylogenesis, to elucidate the potential of pharmaceutical treatments for manipulation the dimensions of xylem vessels and to use the information obtained from the in vitro studies for in planta improvement of the post-harvest quality of cut flowers. (europa.eu)
  • Using the semidominant Hairy Sheath Frayed1 (Hsf1) maize mutant, that hypersignals the perception of cytokinin (CK), we show that CK can reduce leaf size and growth rate by decreasing cell division. (usda.gov)
  • Cytokinins are a type of phyto-hormone that direct a number of growth and stress-response processes. (golfdom.com)
  • This makes SWEETs important for various processes during a plant's growth and development. (plantae.org)
  • They initiate and activate basic growth processes. (panamin.bg)
  • Does cytokinin inhibit root growth? (answerlib.org)
  • How does cytokinin regulate growth? (answerlib.org)
  • What do cytokinins do for growth? (answerlib.org)
  • Senescence, the cessation of cell division and permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle, is a process that occurs throughout the lifespan - during embryogenesis, growth and development, tissue remodeling, and in wound healing. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • SONIC BLOOM: The exciting patented process that combines oscillating sound with an organic foliar nutrient. (lightparty.com)
  • These data show that repeated (14-day) foliar applications of SWE over 42 days of heat stress resulted in leaf cytokinin contents that were just below that of non-heat stressed creeping bentgrass and 42 percent higher than heat-stressed creeping bentgrass that had not received SWE applications. (golfdom.com)
  • Boosted leaf tissue cytokinins due to SWE foliar application translated into 15 percent less root decline over the 42-day heat stress trial. (golfdom.com)
  • The current model of cytokinin signaling and response regulation shows that it works as a multi-step phosphorelay two-component signaling system. (wikipedia.org)
  • In conclusion, this study suggests that a mechanism of cell fate decision making in vascular cambium stem cells is based on the regulation of cytokinin signalling by WOX4 and by type-A ARRs. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • High natural leaf cytokinin content under no stress correlates closely with high root viability. (golfdom.com)
  • Under 95°F heat stress, root zone injection of a synthetic cytokinin translates into greater subsequent leaf cytokinin content and root viability when compared to not applying cytokinin. (golfdom.com)
  • Cytokinin levels must remain elevated in leaf tissues to slow the summer decline process. (golfdom.com)
  • Consequently, as summer root decline proceeds, leaf tissue cytokinin levels drop. (golfdom.com)
  • Cytokinins promote cell division and increase cell expansion during the proliferation and expansion stages of leaf cell development, respectively. (answerlib.org)
  • With increasing the amount of nitrogen and cytokinin, all the studied traits (except harvest index) increased significantly compared to the control. (ac.ir)
  • Seaweed extract (SWE)-based cytokinins have been used to improve stress tolerance, but their specific effects on creeping bentgrass under supraoptimal temperatures are lacking. (bioagservicescorp.com)
  • Proper application of SWE-based cytokinins may be an effective approach to improve summer performance of creeping bentgrass. (bioagservicescorp.com)
  • Dr. Huang's subsequent research has shown that creeping bentgrass can be genetically modified to "turn on" more cytokinin production in the early stages of stress detection, resulting in transformed lines that retained 50 percent or more root mass under drought stress than the comparable commercial cultivar. (golfdom.com)
  • AHP4, however, might play a negative role in cytokinin responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and cytokinin on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of thyme, a three-year factorial experiment was conducted at Razi University based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. (ac.ir)
  • The partial repression of HvSWEET11b transcription altered the allocation of both sucrose and cytokinin in the grain and resulted in fewer endosperm cells, lower starch and protein accumulation, and a reduction of the grain size at maturity. (plantae.org)
  • To better understand this decision-making process, in a first step I mathematically modelled gene regulatory networks in collaboration with the Mironova laboratory. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Effect of Nitrogen and Cytokinin on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L. (ac.ir)
  • In general, the results of this experiment showed that the quantitative and qualitative yield of thyme can be increased by consuming the appropriate amount of nitrogen and cytokinin. (ac.ir)
  • The combined use of nitrogen and cytokinin improved quantitative and qualitative yield of thyme. (ac.ir)
  • The effect of nitrogen and cytokinin on Thymus vulgaris was evaluated on the farm whitin 3 years. (ac.ir)
  • The aim was to systematically evaluate the effect of cytokinins (Benzyladnine (BA) and N6-(-2-isopentenyl) adenine (2iP), culture vessels magnitude, medium solidification, source of nitrogen and calcium chloride for the alleviation of hyperhydricity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Besides auxin, cytokinin (CK) is also involved in root organogenesis. (answerlib.org)
  • Beneficial effects of SWE on heat tolerance appear to be associated with their organic, especially cytokinin, components and not the mineral (ashed) fraction. (bioagservicescorp.com)
  • This seaweed is homogenized, processed at ambient temperatures, and then enhanced within our patented organic process. (bioflora.com)
  • The skin is involved in chemical processes. (quizlet.com)
  • The physical disturbance caused by the removal and replacement of soil and overburden, together with the waste material from ore processing, affect the chemical, physical, and biological process within the disturbed soil or waste. (cdc.gov)