• Language comprehension involves activating word meanings and integrating them with the sentence context. (tilburguniversity.edu)
  • Considerable variability has been observed in sentence comprehension abilities in both native speakers and second language (L2) learner populations. (jbe-platform.com)
  • While it has long been established that, in native speakers, this variability is closely linked to individual differences (IDs) in verbal working memory (vWM), previous research on the role of vWM in L2 sentence comprehension has produced mixed results. (jbe-platform.com)
  • However, to our knowledge, until now, no attempt has been made to integrate language experience measures into the vWM-L2 sentence comprehension relationship. (jbe-platform.com)
  • Mixed-effects modeling revealed that vWM exerted a significant effect on L2 sentence comprehension that was not modulated by sentence type. (jbe-platform.com)
  • Taken together, these results provide additional evidence in support of the involvement of vWM in L2 sentence comprehension and, to our knowledge, first evidence for the contribution of L2 experience to RSPAN task performance. (jbe-platform.com)
  • 1999 ) Verbal working memory and sentence comprehension. (jbe-platform.com)
  • Sentence comprehension, a field of research within psycholinguistics, is concerned with the study of the cognitive processes that unfold when we hear or read a sentence. (unibz.it)
  • The focus is on developing theories and models about how sentence comprehension (parsing) works. (unibz.it)
  • The last sixty years have seen significant advances in our understanding of sentence comprehension processes. (unibz.it)
  • The present course brings together these two cultures: informally developed theories of sentence comprehension, and computational/mathematical models of cognition. (unibz.it)
  • We develop a series of accounts of sentence comprehension within a specific cognitive architecture that has been developed for modeling general cognitive processes, the ACT-R architecture (version 6.0) . (unibz.it)
  • Some of the issues that have been addressed empirically in sentence comprehension research are: (a) the influence of individual differences in capacity on parsing, (b) the role of parsing strategy, including task-dependent underspecification, (c) the role of probabilistic expectations, (d) the interaction between grammatical knowledge and parsing, (e) the interaction between the eye-movement control system and sentence comprehension, and (f) how impaired processing might arise (e.g., in aphasia). (unibz.it)
  • In addition, this volume contains work on syntactic and pragmatic processes during sentence reading and three chapters that examine on-line processes. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Sentence processing: Psycholinguistic studies presented to Merrill Garrett (pp. 113-134). (mpi.nl)
  • Emerging evidence suggests that characteristics of text demonstrate differential recruitment of specific cognitive processes involved in reading comprehension. (psu.edu)
  • Jake Follmer, D & Sperling, RA 2018, ' Interactions between reader and text: Contributions of cognitive processes, strategy use, and text cohesion to comprehension of expository science text ', Learning and Individual Differences , vol. 67, pp. 177-187. (psu.edu)
  • Although we have learnt a great deal from such informal reasoning about cognitive processes, ultimately the only way to test a theory is to implement it as a computational model. (unibz.it)
  • Indeed, history has shown that the development of different computational cognitive architectures and mathematical models of cognition has had a huge impact in advancing our understanding of cognitive processes. (unibz.it)
  • ACT-R is a good choice because it is a mature architecture that has been widely used in artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, psychology, and psycholinguistics to study cognitive processes. (unibz.it)
  • A comprehensive appraisal of cognitive processes during the reading of Chinese script that includes studies conducted by leading researchers from within and outside the mainland, this volume will be of interest to all those studying reading and visual symbol processing. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • In literal sentences, this yielded previously established behavioral and electrophysiological signatures of semantic processing: semantic facilitation in lexical decision, a reduced N400 for semantically related relative to unrelated words, and a power increase in the gamma frequency band that was disrupted by semantic violations. (tilburguniversity.edu)
  • Studies that prospectively assign human participants to conditions and that assess biomedical or behavioral outcomes in humans to better understand aspects of phenomena without specific application towards processes or products in mind. (nih.gov)
  • Mahowald, K. & Fedorenko, E. Reliable individual-level neural markers of high-level language processing: a necessary precursor for relating neural variability to behavioral and genetic variability. (nature.com)
  • Although this makes dict and set comprehensions is inconsistent with list comprehension, I believe this is reasonable since the backport aimed to improve the compatibility of Python 2.x with Python 3.x. (python.org)
  • However, the support is quirky and use the list comprehension semantics of Python 2.x. (python.org)
  • A form of prediction is also thought to occur in some types of lexical priming, a phenomenon whereby a word becomes easier to process if it is preceded by a related word. (wikipedia.org)
  • The majority of the research on the role of morphological processes in literacy focuses on morphological awareness, the ability to reflect on, process, and manipulate morphemes in language. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Decoding has a really outsized role on reading comprehension in the early grades," said Gina Cervetti, an associate professor of education at the University of Michigan, who studies the role of content-area knowledge in literacy. (edweek.org)
  • Browse our library of evidence-based teaching strategies, learn more about using classroom texts, find out what whole-child literacy instruction looks like, and dive deeper into comprehension, content area literacy, writing, and social-emotional learning. (readingrockets.org)
  • The program incorporates eight strands of assessment and evaluation: critical thinking/problem solving, collaboration/team work, research, software process implementation, software process assessment/appraisal, software standard comprehension, literacy in legal and ethical issues, and communication. (fullerton.edu)
  • The present study examines how distinct aspects of understanding and manipulating morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in written and spoken language, contribute to children's emerging reading comprehension. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Several children with learning disabilities suffer from a Language Processing Disorder which significantly impedes their learning and motivation. (upbility.net)
  • One of the key aspects of a Language Processing Disorder is a difficulty in accurately comprehending and interpreting spoken information and a particularly low language processing speed. (upbility.net)
  • Children with Language Processing deficits find themselves at a worryingly disadvantaged position at school, when compared to their peers. (upbility.net)
  • Preventative instruction can be applied to focus on language comprehension in young children, including inference-making as a general language skill. (taleafrica.com)
  • In the last decades, the idea that people routinely and implicitly predict upcoming words during language comprehension turned from a highly controversial hypothesis to a widely accepted assumption. (elifesciences.org)
  • Zwitserlood, 1989 ), incompatibility with traditional bottom-up models and contemporary interactive models of language comprehension (e.g. (elifesciences.org)
  • Current theories of language comprehension, however, reject such objections and posit prediction as an integral and inevitable mechanism by which comprehension proceeds quickly and incrementally (e.g. (elifesciences.org)
  • The simple view holds that reading comprehension is the product of decoding ability and language comprehension. (edweek.org)
  • Dictionary and set comprehensions are not documented in the tutorial of 2.7, though they are in the language reference. (python.org)
  • Moreover, there is an accumulating body of evidence demonstrating that the relationship between vWM and native language comprehension abilities is mediated by language experience. (jbe-platform.com)
  • 1996 ) Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis. (jbe-platform.com)
  • The current study investigates cross-linguistic influence of second language (L2) learning on native language (L1) processing of morphosyntactic variation in proficient L2 learners immersed in their L1. (cambridge.org)
  • We situate these results in an experience-based, shared-syntax account of language processing. (cambridge.org)
  • Here we report an investigation of the fronto-temporo-parietal language network across 45 languages and establish the robustness to cross-linguistic variation of its topography and key functional properties, including left-lateralization, strong functional integration among its brain regions and functional selectivity for language processing. (nature.com)
  • In this article, the theoretical and empirical literature on the construction of meaning during reading comprehension is reviewed, from which implications for research, practice, and policy related to instruction and assessment are derived. (taleafrica.com)
  • The design and development of the software product is a cumulative process, which will take place in stages throughout the entire program with elements integrated throughout and occurring in different courses (e.g. review of research literature, problem definition, requirements analysis, cost analysis, design, project implementation, and project assessment and evaluation). (fullerton.edu)
  • This involves situational assessment, which is the process of how we collect, synthesize and analyze information. (sas.com)
  • In this paper, we present a newly developed theoretical-conceptual framework for Critical Online Reasoning (COR), situated in relation to prior approaches ("information problem-solving," "multiple-source comprehension," "web credibility," "informal argumentation," "critical thinking"), along with an evidence-centered assessment framework and its preliminary validation. (frontiersin.org)
  • METHODS: 147 assessment protocols for oral reading and text comprehension of students from 3rd to 5th grade of Elementary School with and without reading difficulties were analyzed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, our findings support theories, which as-sume that working memory demands are responsible for the processing difficulty incurred by (1) individuals with dyslexia and (2) object-relative clauses as compared to subject relative clauses. (uea.ac.uk)
  • At the beginning of the 20th century, dyslexia was believed to be caused by defects in the visual processing system that reversed and transposed words and letters. (medscape.com)
  • However, a recent multidimensional perspective posits distinct aspects of morphological processing including morphological awareness and morphological analysis. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Reading comprehension is multidimensional and complex. (taleafrica.com)
  • These issues pertain to the nature of the validation processes, the processes and mechanisms that support validation during comprehension, the factors that influence validation, the role of validation in current theories of reading comprehension, the relation between validation and standards of coherence, and the distinction between validation and updating. (ed.gov)
  • The development of the project allowed us to apply and better understand theories, concepts and frameworks but I feel that this is just a small part of the work process that actually goes far beyond. (lu.se)
  • In contrast to awareness, morphological analysis refers to the process of using morphemes to infer meaning from unfamiliar or morphologically complex words. (umanitoba.ca)
  • New research has emphasized morphological analysis as a unique predictor of gains in reading comprehension when previous studies emphasized the dominant link between morphological awareness and reading comprehension. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Results showed evidence of early concurrent relationships between morphological awareness, analysis, and reading comprehension in Grade 1 and 2, with morphological analysis continuing to have a concurrent relationship with reading comprehension in Grade 3. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Predictive links were found from earlier morphological awareness to subsequent waves of reading comprehension in each of the three grades. (umanitoba.ca)
  • This volume uses unique properties of Chinese script to focus on morphological analyses during the character and word recognition process, though some of the reported work also pertains to the use of phonological information. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • We also assessed two key individual differences variables (working memory and verbal intelligence), which have been theorised to impact reading times and comprehension of subject- and object-relative clauses. (uea.ac.uk)
  • With respect to individual differences and the theoretical debate, we found that processing dif-ficulty between the subject and object relatives was no longer significant when individual dif-ferences in working memory were controlled. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Findings highlight the importance of including motivational variables in understanding sources of individual differences in reading comprehension for struggling readers. (springer.com)
  • This study assessed whether bilingual memory is susceptible to the extreme processing demands of professional simultaneous interpreters (PSIs). (cambridge.org)
  • One challenge is to link inquiry-based learning and experiential education with curriculum designed to improve understanding, skill development, and reasoning abilities to achieve the broader impacts of improved science comprehension. (joe.org)
  • This article explores a conceptual model of how inquiry-based learning and experiential education methods facilitate a process by which new knowledge is acquired and new skills are developed by learners, leading to enhanced reasoning abilities and ultimately to improved science comprehension. (joe.org)
  • Much of the process, content delivery and skill development, is well understood and well documented in the literature base but their link to reasoning abilities is integral. (joe.org)
  • As a key part of this learning process, participants also learn skills in sustainability leadership and systematic collaboration with actors from within and outside of academia, especially those skills and abilities relevant when seeking to devise meaningful responses to sustainability challenges. (lu.se)
  • The current longitudinal study sought to provide clarity to these contrasting findings and examined the relative contributions (concurrent and predictive) of awareness and analysis in emerging reading comprehension from Grades 1 to 3. (umanitoba.ca)
  • however, findings may provide initial support for a shift in how these processes relate to one another while reading comprehension skills are emerging and strengthening. (umanitoba.ca)
  • suggested to account for many of the findings in the Building on observations that visual fixations play a role in literature (most notably dual-process models, e.g. (lu.se)
  • We modeled COR ability from a behavior, content, process, and development perspective, specifying scoring rubrics in an evidence-centered design. (frontiersin.org)
  • To reinforce this, the prioritization process in countries should be guided by coherent strategic directions based on the most credible actionable data and evidence, and an understanding of where WHO adds the most value. (who.int)
  • Le présent article propose un modèle pour l'adaptation qualitative d'instruments psychométriques au contexte des pays en développement et présente une étude de cas sur l'adaptation au Pakistan de trois instruments internationalement reconnus : la liste de contrôle du comportement des enfants (Child Behavior Checklist), l'auto-évaluation des jeunes (Youth Self-Report) et le rapport d'évaluation de l'enseignant (Teacher's Report Form). (who.int)
  • Further exploration of these issues will contribute to our understanding of the role of validation in the overall comprehension process and will help push the field of discourse processes even further forward. (ed.gov)
  • Systematic study directed toward greater knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and of observable facts without specific applications towards processes or products in mind. (nih.gov)
  • Understanding how set processing in neural networks also applies to the functioning of the neocortex. (barnesandnoble.com)
  • Students completing the M.S. will have a well-rounded understanding of the theory, research, implementation, and evaluation of the software process as it applies to a variety of applications. (fullerton.edu)
  • This study assessed emergency department (ED) patients' understanding of their diagnosis, treatment received, post-discharge care, and indications to return to the ED. Most patients had limited comprehension of at least one aspect of their care, most commonly pertaining to their post-discharge care. (ahrq.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to examine the relations among important reader and text characteristics and their contributions to comprehension of expository science text. (psu.edu)
  • C. Hahn, J.C. Recker, J. Mendling, An Exploratory Study of IT-enabled Collaborative Process Modeling, in: International Work. (crossref.org)
  • Notes provide a visible record of the student's comprehension, as well as a potential study aid. (rit.edu)
  • In a similar vein models to influence the content of a moral judgment by monitoring capturing the dynamics of the controlled and automatic participants' eye-movements as they deliberate between processes competing and mutually influencing one another alternatives and prompting their choice at a point in time in the generation of a moral judgement have recently been determined by their gaze behaviour. (lu.se)
  • This course provides opportunities for participants to enhance their knowledge and skills in sustainability science through a deeper comprehension of the strengths and weaknesses of participatory methods. (lu.se)
  • Improving youth science comprehension in the United States is imperative to reverse current trends in student achievement and to meet an expected shortage of scientists in the future. (joe.org)
  • The authors propose a conceptual process model for delivering Extension programs designed to enhance youth achievement in the sciences. (joe.org)
  • Achievement goals in the classroom: Students' learning strategies and motivation processes. (springer.com)
  • Averaged maternal DAP concentrations were associated with poorer scores for Working Memory, Processing Speed, Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, and Full Scale IQ. (cdc.gov)
  • The course is based on transformative student learning whereby students develop knowledge and skills in sustainability problem solving processes through iterative activities such as idea generation, reflecting, theorizing, stakeholder interaction and collaboration with real-world experience to foster action for sustainability. (lu.se)
  • This article focuses on research with the objective being to explore and describe the comprehension of HIV-positive patients and their families with regard to HIV- and AIDS-related information, and to formulate recommendations to improve their comprehension of this information. (scielo.org.za)
  • The objective was to evaluate the usefulness of cognitive interviewing to assess translations and compare professional (full) with non-professional (simplified) translation processes. (lu.se)
  • Patient comprehension of emergency department care and instructions: are patients aware of when they do not understand? (ahrq.gov)
  • Cross-cultural translation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is a lengthy process, often performed professionally. (lu.se)
  • Cognitive interviewing assesses patient comprehension of PROMs. (lu.se)
  • The term "prospectively assigned" refers to a pre-defined process (e.g., randomization) specified in an approved protocol that stipulates the assignment of research subjects (individually or in clusters) to one or more arms (e.g., intervention, placebo or other control) of the clinical trial. (nih.gov)
  • In this research, a Universal Process Comprehension interface (UPCi) for different CNC machines is proposed aiming to comprehend a system generic process plan from a low-level part programme. (bath.ac.uk)
  • en français: (http://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers/View/6650). (barnesandnoble.com)
  • En español: (http://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers/View/6672). (barnesandnoble.com)
  • The program emphasizes a comprehensive and thorough process-oriented approach to software development, and its curriculum is fundamentally grounded in software engineering research, theory, principles, and practice (e.g. (fullerton.edu)
  • Good Clinical Research Practice (GCP) is a process that incorporates established ethical and scientifi c quality standards for the design, conduct, recording and reporting of clinical research involving the participation of human subjects. (who.int)
  • Decoding includes processes needed to decipher written code such as phonological processing, orthographic processing, and word recognition. (taleafrica.com)
  • This is the process used in decoding words. (bonnieterrylearning.com)
  • It is focused specifically on the inferential processes that extract meaning from text and the sources of knowledge that facilitate the extraction and construction of meaning. (taleafrica.com)
  • In recent governing bodies meetings4, Member States requested more transparency and a more participatory approach in the development of the draft Proposed programme budget in general and, more specifically, in the prioritization process. (who.int)
  • Furthermore, the results lend support to models of idiom comprehension that involve unitary idiom representations. (tilburguniversity.edu)
  • The patch also adds support for dict and set comprehensions to the 'compiler' package. (python.org)
  • Although there are some vision problems that can interfere with the development of vision, the neurodevelopmental issues surrounding learning disabilities generally involve other areas of neural processing. (medscape.com)
  • The emphasis on process-oriented methodologies makes this program unique among professional master's degrees. (fullerton.edu)
  • S. Kabicher, S. Kriglstein, S. Rinderle-Ma, Visual change tracking for business process models, in: Int. Conf. (crossref.org)
  • P. Rittgen, Success factors of e-collaboration in business process modeling, in: Adv. Inf. (crossref.org)
  • The process was conducted in collaboration with the instruments' developer. (who.int)
  • La méthode a été utilisée en collaboration avec le concepteur des instruments. (who.int)
  • A working definition of collaboration is the process by which groups come together, establishing a formal commitment to work together to achieve common goals and objectives. (cdc.gov)
  • Ondanks erkenning aan die belangrikheid om MIV- en VIGS-verwante inligting met mense wat geraak word deur MIV te deel, is dit steeds onduidelik wat die betrokkenes se begrip van dié inligting is. (scielo.org.za)
  • Etiese aspekte en meganismes om geldigheid en betroubaarheid te bevorder word bespreek. (scielo.org.za)
  • Word-processing programs can provide information about a document's readability. (cdc.gov)