Process of vascular calcification. Medical search. Frequent questions

It is well established that patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes have poor cardiovascular outcomes which is thought to be due to increased vascular calcification and atherosclerosis. (manchester.ac.uk)
Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Atherosclerosis is the main pathophysiological foundation of cardiovascular disease, which was caused by inflammation and lipid metabolism disorder, along with vascular calcification. (thno.org)
It has multiple pharmacological effects, but no research on aortic calcification during atherosclerosis was performed. (thno.org)
This study investigated the effects of GLSP on atherosclerosis and aortic calcification and revealed the underlying mechanism. (thno.org)
In vivo , 8-week-aged male LDLR -/- mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis along with aortic calcification. (thno.org)
Subsequently, the mice tissues were collected to evaluate the effects of GLSP on atherosclerosis, and aortic calcification, and to reveal the underlying mechanism. (thno.org)
We observed GLSP attenuated plaque area and aortic calcification in the mice with early and advanced atherosclerosis. (thno.org)
Vascular calcification is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. (clinsurgeryjournal.com)
Vascular calcification is a common pathological feature of atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, vascular injury, and aging. (omicsdi.org)
Atherosclerosis is a chronic, long-term process in which the walls of the arteries become hardened and abnormally narrowed by atherosclerotic plaques. (cnazone.com)
Atherosclerosis develops due to fat and cholesterol accumulation, inflammation, and calcification. (cnazone.com)
Preventative measures that stop or slow atherosclerosis is considered the best approach to good vascular health. (cnazone.com)
Molecular imaging with radionuclide-based approaches may potentially provide a novel noninvasive assessment of biologic processes in PVD, such as angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. (medscape.com)

As we have seen in previous weeks, calciphylaxis is a severe and complex syndrome involving vascular calcification, thrombosis, and skin necrosis. (woundeducators.com)
The earliest pathologic descriptions of atherosclerotic lesions focused on morphologies of fatty streaks to fibroatheromas (FAs) and advanced plaques complicated by hemorrhage, calcification, ulceration, and thrombosis. (medscape.com)

In vitro , we determined the major components of GLSP triterpenes by HPLC, and subsequently assessed the protective effects of these main active components on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and calcification in RAW264.7 and HASMC cells. (thno.org)
Many local and systemic factors participate in this process, including hyperlipidemia, ongoing inflammation, large necrotic cores, and diabetes. (clinsurgeryjournal.com)
To get a better understanding of the disease processes involved, as a next step the researchers hope to biopsy mummies to evaluate the influence of inflammation and genetic factors. (medgadget.com)
Patients with CKD are characterized by an accelerated aging process, including cardiovascular complications, persistent uraemic inflammation, muscle wasting, osteoporosis and frailty, the study notes. (nutritioninsight.com)
Evolution of parameters of inflammation, fibrosis and vascular calcification. (revistanefrologia.com)
Inflammation-fibrosis and calcification parameters showed positive regulation after paricalcitol treatment: interleukin-6 decreased significantly ( p = 0.001) and also TNF-α did ( p = 0.005), on the contrary, interleukin-10 and fetuin-A increased ( p = 0.001 for both). (revistanefrologia.com)

Vascular calcification is the deposition of mineral in the form of calcium phosphate salts in the smooth muscle-rich medial layer of large arteries including the aorta. (wikipedia.org)
1953) described this form of medial artery calcification (MAC) as having no symptoms or signs of impaired circulation. (aawconline.org)
5 One of the possible explanations is that patients with tibial artery calcification have microvascular disease that leads to altered skeletal muscle perfusion, and exercise vasodilation is compromised in the medial and small arterioles with reduced capacitance due to the rigid microvascular structures. (aawconline.org)
2 , 5 " ( 17 ) *Medial calcification causes stiffening of the vessel wall but does not include plaque deposits that obstruct the interior of the blood vessel. (effectiveselfcare.info)
Next, CBF (1-8), a small fragment of CBF, was identified which is a more potent inhibitor of medial vascular calcification compared to CBF. (rwth-aachen.de)
The accelerated early vascular aging (EVA) process mediated by medial vascular calcification (VC) is a hallmark of senescence - the condition or process of deterioration with age - as well as a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the CKD population. (nutritioninsight.com)

Calcification of the aortic or mitral valve may indicate hemodynamically significant valvular stenosis . (medscape.com)
Patients can experience PAD symptoms without intimal calcification or luminal stenosis. (aawconline.org)
Ultimately, increased arterial stiffness reduces the downstream blood flow and skeletal muscle microcirculation, even without intimal calcification or stenosis. (aawconline.org)

citation needed] Calcification of soft tissue (arteries, cartilage, heart valves, etc.) can be caused by vitamin K2 deficiency or by poor calcium absorption due to a high calcium/vitamin D ratio. (wikipedia.org)
Dietary calcium intake is not associated with accumulation of calcium in soft tissue, and calcification occurs irrespective of the amount of calcium intake. (wikipedia.org)
Intake of excessive vitamin D can cause vitamin D poisoning and excessive intake of calcium from the intestine which, when accompanied by a deficiency of vitamin K (perhaps induced by an anticoagulant), can result in calcification of arteries and other soft tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Such metastatic soft tissue calcification is mainly in tissues containing "calcium catchers" such as elastic fibres or mucopolysaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Intake of too much vitamin D would be evident by anorexia, loss of appetite, or soft tissue calcification. (wikipedia.org)
Calcification of soft tissue and blood vessels is typically a problem associated with aging but it is seen early in life for young patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis treatments and greatly increases risk of early death due to heart disease. (effectiveselfcare.info)
Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) is a strong vitamin K-dependent inhibitor of soft tissue calcification with high dp-ucMGP plasma levels (concentrations above 500 pmol/L) indicative of vitamin K insufficiency. (dsm.com)
Recognition of Vitamin K2's benefits as a strong and significant elucidated inhibitor of vascular and soft tissue calcification is one of the core reasons a separate RDI should be established. (nutritioninsight.com)

Although more research is needed to fully understand the process, we believe that vitamin K works by protecting against the calcium build-up in the major arteries of the body leading to vascular calcification. (eurekalert.org)
Mice deficient in MGP alone (MGP −/− OPN +/+ ) showed calcification of their arteries as early as 2 weeks (wk) after birth (0.33 ± 0.01 mmol/g dry weight), and the expression of OPN in the calcified arteries was greatly up-regulated compared with MGP wild-types. (silverchair.com)
It is widely recognized that DM patients demonstrate calcification of the arteries below the knee. (aawconline.org)
Around 72% of the arteries had MAC, and only 43% had intimal calcification. (aawconline.org)
The development of mineral deposits in your arteries, which can lead to arterial stiffness, and bone mineralization share many overlapping processes. (easyhealthoptions.com)
Hardening of the arteries and the development of atherosclerotic plaques compromise the vascular system. (cnazone.com)

LOX could modulate virtually all stages of the atherosclerotic process, from endothelial dysfunction and lesion progression to plaque calcification and rupture, contributes to vascular stiffness in hypertension, aneurysms, and artery dissections, and underlies the adverse myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in hypertension, myocardial infarction, and obesity. (mdpi.com)
Aortic calcification leads to reduced plaque stability and eventually causes plaque rupture which leads to cardiovascular events. (thno.org)
Recent studies have suggested that micro calcification in the fibrous cap may increase local tissue stress (depending on the proximity of one micro calcific locus to another, and the orientation of the micro calcification in reference to blood flow), resulting in plaque instability [1]. (clinsurgeryjournal.com)
Magnesium helps for prevention and reversal of vascular calcification (VC) - plaque build up along vessel walls of deposits of calcium and cholesterol which leads to stiffening and dysfunction of the vessels. (effectiveselfcare.info)

Vascular calcification could also be linked to the chronic leakage of blood lysates into the vessel wall since red blood cells have been shown to contain a high concentration of calcium. (wikipedia.org)
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, frequent vascular calcification (VC) and accumulation of uraemic toxins. (jostchemical.com)
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive and multifactorial disease characterized by degenerative and inflammatory processes affecting joints and surrounding tissues, resulting in pain and functional disability. (orthosupersite.com)
Vascular calcification associated with high plasma phosphate (Pi) level is a frequent complication of hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. (unideb.hu)
Published in Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, the paper examined the link between early vascular aging in chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a focus on the role of NattoPharma's MenaQ7 vitamin K in counteracting oxidative stress and the aging process. (nutritioninsight.com)

Additionally, it is believed that they play a role in wound healing processes, but also in pathological events, for instance those that occur during vascular calcification (arteriosclerosis). (analytica-world.com)
Although noncontrast studies can be useful for imaging calcification and arteriosclerosis, contrast studies are most useful for imaging arterial insufficiency. (medscape.com)

It is commonly considered the most potent inhibitor of vascular calcification, along with Bone Gala protein/osteocalcin. (aawconline.org)

Importantly, mice deficient in both MGP and OPN had twice as much arterial calcification as MGP −/− OPN +/+ at 2 wk, and over 3 times as much at 4 wk, suggesting an inhibitory effect of OPN in vascular calcification. (silverchair.com)
As a symptom of their condition, CKD patients express intense arterial calcification, which makes them a strong group to examine the impact of K2 as MK-7. (nutritioninsight.com)

Calcification in renal tissue or other organs of the body would cause dysfunction in different ways - disrupting the function of that organ type. (effectiveselfcare.info)
A new study, which included 4,275 people from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) cohort, aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin K deficiency using plasma desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) as a marker. (dsm.com)
Efecto regulador de paricalcitol sobre parámetros inflamatorios, fibróticos y anticalcificantes en el paciente con enfermedad renal crónica. (revistanefrologia.com)

The amount of coronary artery calcification correlates with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). (medscape.com)
In patients with diabetes mellitus , by determining the presence of coronary calcifications, patients at risk for future myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease could be identified, and future events could be excluded if no coronary calcifications were present. (medscape.com)
In an asymptomatic population, determination of the presence of coronary calcifications identified patients at risk for future myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease independent of concomitant risk factors. (medscape.com)
In patients without coronary calcifications, future cardiovascular events could be excluded. (medscape.com)
Coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) is a measure of coronary artery calcification detected on electron beam CT (EBCT) or helical CT. (medscape.com)
A semiautomated Agatston method is now commonly utilized based on coronary artery calcification detected by unenhanced low-dose CT. (medscape.com)
The aims of this thesis were to characterise the roles of OPG/RANKL/TRAIL in VC,and to measure how insulin and liraglutide affect coronary artery calcification (CAC) in T2DM. (rcsi.com)
Although coronary calcification is a marker of coronary atheroma, dense calcification (>400 HU) is usually associated with stable plaques. (clinsurgeryjournal.com)

This thesis focuses on the identification and characterization of novel inhibitors of the pathophysiological process of vascular calcification (VC). (rwth-aachen.de)
Given the biological importance of phosphorus, a better understanding of its levels in the body and association with pathophysiological processes such as anemia would provide invaluable insights. (medscape.com)

Caroline is a Professor of Vascular Cell Biology and is Head of Comparative Biomedical Sciences. (rvc.ac.uk)
Caroline was appointed to a Lectureship position at the Royal Veterinary College in late 1997 and now holds a personal Chair in Vascular Cell Biology. (rvc.ac.uk)
Caroline is an internationally recognised expert in vascular cell signalling and biology with 20 years' experience in the field. (rvc.ac.uk)
The group uses in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo cell and molecular approaches to delineate the signalling pathways controlling gene expression and functional responses of human and murine large vessel and microvascular endothelial cells.Caroline was an associate editor of the Biochemical Journal for over 10 years and is a founder member of the European Vascular Biology Organisation and of the London Vascular Biology Forum. (rvc.ac.uk)

Liver kinase B1 inhibits smooth muscle calcification via high mobility group box 1. (omicsdi.org)
In addition, we show that this peptide inhibits calcification by hindering transdifferentiation of SMCs by interacting with PIT-1 to inhibit the activation of NF-κβ and its downstream BMP2/p-SMAD pathway, effectively reducing the expression of osteogenic genes and inhibiting apoptosis while promoting metabolism. (rwth-aachen.de)

Atherosclerotic disease, intimal calcification, is one cause of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and is the most referenced. (aawconline.org)
3,4,6,7,8 In the areas with intimal calcification, it was contiguous with MAC and precipitated along the elastic lamina within the vessels. (aawconline.org)
Calcifying vascular cells are derived from local smooth muscle cells and circulating hematopoietic stem cells (especially in intimal calcification). (clinsurgeryjournal.com)

Presently, the drug to treat aortic calcification remains not to be available. (thno.org)
Moreover, GLSP inhibited aortic calcification by inactivating RUNX2-mediated osteogenesis in HASMCs. (thno.org)

Frontal chest radiograph reveals calcification involving the ascending aorta in a patient with syphilitic aortitis. (medscape.com)

Chapter One addresses the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and total pulmonary vascular capacitance (Cp) product of the pulmonary circulation as a global estimate of right ventricular (RV) afterload, the assessment of the local arterial stiffness indices and its relationship with PVR and Cp, and finally, reviews the cause-effect relationships between large/conduit stiffening and distal/resistive vascular disease. (novapublishers.com)
The endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a newly recognized, fundamental biological process involved in development and tissue regeneration, as well as pathological processes such as the complications of diabetes, fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. (bmbreports.org)

To examine the role of OPN in vascular calcification, OPN mutant mice were crossed with matrix Gla protein (MGP) mutant mice. (silverchair.com)
mice showed intensified vascular calcification, which was alleviated by treatment with the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizic acid. (omicsdi.org)

Mineral balance Dystrophic calcification, without a systemic mineral imbalance. (wikipedia.org)
Postmortem examination of 7 neonates with congenital Zika virus infection in Brazil revealed microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, dystrophic calcifications, and severe cortical neuronal depletion in all and arthrogryposis in 6. (cdc.gov)

Matrix vesicles in the extracellular space of the necrotic core serve as a nidus for calcification. (clinsurgeryjournal.com)

We will sit with the patient and their spouse or partner and then tell them that we believe many of their symptoms are coming from compression of their jugular vein, the compression is being caused by pressure from the cervical vertebrae or a problem with the styloid process at the base of the skull and possible carotid artery syndrome. (caringmedical.com)

Calcification may also refer to the processes of normal mineral deposition in biological systems, such as the formation of stromatolites or mollusc shells (see Biomineralization). (wikipedia.org)
Study reports suggested that high blood level of phosphate causes vascular ossification through the deposition of Ca 2+ and substantially alters fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and calcitriol. (diabeets.com)
Most processed food contains highly refined carbohydrates that alter insulin physiology and promote adipose tissue deposition [17,18] . (diabeets.com)
Vascular calcification is a pathology characterized by the deposition of calcium-phosphate in cardiovascular structures, mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals, resulting in ectopic calcification. (revistanefrologia.com)

Previous work from the host laboratory has shown that nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates attenuate vascular calcification by inhibiting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, depleting cells of farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate which are essential for the prenylation and activation of small GTPases such as Ras and Rho. (manchester.ac.uk)

Vascular calcification is a pathology in the vascular system with various forms. (aawconline.org)
As calcification paradox is a complex process, subsequent investigation of the key factors affecting VC will help to identify specific pathology associated substances affecting bone density. (rwth-aachen.de)

The present study used calcification medium containing 3 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi) to induce rat VSMCs calcification. (biomedcentral.com)
Processed foods contain high calories and are often enhanced with excess refined sugar, saturated and trans fat, Na + and phosphate-containing taste enhancers, and preservatives. (diabeets.com)
Vascular smooth muscle cells are sensitive to changes in inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels. (revistanefrologia.com)

Vascular calcification is an active, regulated process in which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) differentiate into osteoblast-like cells and deposit a mineralised matrix. (manchester.ac.uk)
Therefore, the initial aim of this study was to determine the effects of farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTI-277 and manumycin A) on vascular calcification using a well validated in vitro model in which VSMCs are induced to deposit a mineralised matrix in the presence of β-glycerophosphate. (manchester.ac.uk)
The present study investigated the effects of PQS on the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs). (biomedcentral.com)
We investigated the effects of PQS on VSMCs calcification using alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays. (biomedcentral.com)
During VSMCs calcification, PQS inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 and BMP2. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, these findings suggest that PQS could effectively inhibit VSMCs calcification by ameliorating oxidative stress and regulating osteogenic genes via the promotion of Nrf2 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the oxidative modification of various biomolecules induce the transformation of VSMCs from the contractile type to the osteogenic type, which is accompanied by calcification [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in a body tissue. (wikipedia.org)

Myocardial calcification is a sign of prior infarction, while pericardial calcification is strongly associated with constrictive pericarditis . (medscape.com)

Extraskeletal calcification, e.g. calciphylaxis Brain, e.g. primary familial brain calcification (Fahr's syndrome) Choroid plexus usually in the lateral ventricles Tumor calcification Arthritic bone spurs Kidney stones Gall stones Heterotopic bone Tonsil stones Pulp stone In a number of breast pathologies, calcium is often deposited at sites of cell death or in association secretions or hyalinized stroma, resulting in pathologic calcification. (wikipedia.org)
Chapter Four reviews links between bone turnover, vascular calcifications and arterial stiffness. (novapublishers.com)
Vascular cells can undergo chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation, causing mineralization of membranous bone and formation of endochondral bone. (clinsurgeryjournal.com)
Mineralization of bone is achieved by the sequential maturation of the immature amorphous calcium phase to mature hydroxyapatite and is central to the process of bone development and repair. (worktribe.com)

See the images of cardiac calcifications below. (medscape.com)

King's College London) fuelled her interest in vascular cellular signalling and her subsequent post-doctoral position with Professor Jeremy Pearson at King's College London (KCL) allowed her to pursue this interest in human endothelial cells. (rvc.ac.uk)
Her laboratory specialises in investigating the functional relevance of molecular signalling pathways in human and animal endothelial cells and a range of other vascular cell types. (rvc.ac.uk)
There may be a relationship between vitamin K2-MK7-dependent regulation of endothelial function via the MGP to inhibit osteogenic properties in vascular endothelial cells. (aawconline.org)

Calcifications may also seed the cap of a thin cap fibro atheroma, altering tensile forces on the cap and rendering the lesion prone to rupture. (clinsurgeryjournal.com)
The researchers put mummies inside a CT scanner to look for vascular calcifications, and early sign of atheroma formation. (medgadget.com)

Significantly, even children and adolescents on dialysis develop vascular calcification and have a vastly elevated risk for cardiovascular mortality when compared with the normal age-matched population. (effectiveselfcare.info)

Identification and characterization of the mediators of the calcification parad. (rwth-aachen.de)

For example, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a classic oxidant stressor that promotes vascular cell calcification by increasing the expression of the osteogenic transcription factor runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Despite the fact that vitamin K plays an important role in the blood clotting process, there has been less emphasis to date on its cardioprotective benefits and little data indicating the prevalence of vitamin K insufficiency in the general population. (dsm.com)
The prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in diabetics has been shown to be greater than that of the population as a whole 3-4 , where the effects of periodontal disease in these individuals are aggravated by metabolic and histopathological changes, characteristics of diabetes, as well as vascular changes, defective immunological responses and a delayed process of healing 1,5-7 . (bvsalud.org)

University of Western Australia researcher Dr Jamie Bellinge, the first author on the study, said the role of vitamin K in cardiovascular health and particularly in vascular calcification is an area of research offering promising hope for the future. (eurekalert.org)
Long-term depletion of vitamin K in patients on anticoagulation therapy have noted significant vascular calcifications. (aawconline.org)
Nevertheless, despite a significant reduction in the biomarker, MGP, two large studies failed to demonstrate any improvement in vascular calcification with supplemental vitamin K2-MK7. (aawconline.org)
and lack of other trace minerals, zinc, iodine, selenium, or vitamin D ( 12 ) can also be risk factors for vascular calcification. (effectiveselfcare.info)
Not only is it helpful in making a case to manufacturers considering Vitamin K2 for their healthy aging support products, but it is an important piece of NattoPharma's RDI efforts," Leon Schurgers, Professor of Biochemistry of Vascular Calcification and senior author and leader of the INTRICARE project, tells NutritionInsight . (nutritioninsight.com)
Schurgers says that the study will highlight the accumulated research demonstrating that vitamin K2 consumption might serve as a potential therapy for patients who express intense calcification as a symptom of their condition. (nutritioninsight.com)

Synthesis of calcification inhibitors is the main mechanism by which cells are able to prevent vascular calcification. (revistanefrologia.com)

Therefore, detecting and recognizing calcification related to the heart on chest radiography and other imaging modalities such as fluoroscopy, CT, and echocardiography may have important clinical implications. (medscape.com)
In terms of diagnosis, in this case vascular calcification, an ultrasound and radiography of said area is sufficient. (wikipedia.org)

Systemic corticosteroids should be avoided in calciphylaxis as they may exacerbate arteriolar calcification. (woundeducators.com)

However, the role and mechanism of PQS in vascular calcification are not unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
This review highlights the current fund of knowledge regarding the known links between miRNAs and the EndMT process, with a focus on the mechanism that regulates associated signaling pathways and discusses the potential for the EndMT as a therapeutic target to treat many diseases. (bmbreports.org)

Cholesterol buildup in the blood vessels was wrongly blamed exclusively on fat in the diet and cholesterol from eggs initially and people were instructed to not eat eggs and other cholesterol rich foods but we can make our own cholesterol too, and eventually it was recognized that excess carbohydrates was also a causal factor of vascular calcification. (effectiveselfcare.info)

In all these development and disease processes however, there are still many unanswered questions", explains Dr. Martin Breitbach from the Institute of Physiology I at the University of Bonn. (analytica-world.com)
but they are independent disease states and driven by different and distinct processes. (aawconline.org)
MAC is a poly-vascular disease with genetic, epigenetic, age, and disease-related mechanisms of action. (aawconline.org)
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity in the UK, and it's particularly prevalent in the North West where heart attacks, strokes and vascular dementia contribute to poor health outcomes. (mmu.ac.uk)
Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of this network, with the capacity to target multiple messenger RNAs involved in the EndMT process as well as in the regulation of disease progression. (bmbreports.org)
Risk factors for the development of vascular disease (lipid profile, coagulation tests) can also be evaluated, though not necessarily in the emergency department (ED) setting. (medscape.com)
Plain films are of little use in the setting of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). (medscape.com)
The diagno- function may play a role in vascular com- sis of type 2 diabetes was established plications such as stroke or ischaemic heart before they were screened for the study disease. (who.int)

Chapter Three reviews the processes involved in the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness in COPD, and the possible role of COPD therapy in vascular alterations. (novapublishers.com)
In the present work, we aimed to investigate the role(s) of RAGE in the CKD-VC process. (jostchemical.com)
The role of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-betta ligand in vascular calcification and the influence of insulin and liraglutide on this process in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (rcsi.com)
However, its role in vascular calcification has not been reported. (omicsdi.org)
Dyskerin is composed of 514 amino acids and has a role in ribosomal RNA processing and telomere maintenance. (medscape.com)

Sinha S, Haque M (September 04, 2022) Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Vascular Impediment as Consequences of Excess Processed Food Consumption. (diabeets.com)
This review explains the probable processes relevant to processed food and obesity, linking diabetes mellitus (DM) with vascular impediments and implications. (diabeets.com)

[ 13-15 ] In murine models that lack FGF-23 or klotho, the resultant hyperphosphatemia is associated with cell toxicity, premature aging and vascular calcifications. (medscape.com)

There are other birth defects that can result in a small head size, or microcephaly, due to Birth Defects the process of their formation and this is not really considered true microcephaly. (cdc.gov)

Pi is regulated by parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Changes in the transport of Pi are the primary factor responsible for the regulation of Pi homeostasis and the calcification process. (revistanefrologia.com)

focus is primarily on vascular cell function with emphasis on understanding molecular control mechanisms. (rvc.ac.uk)
However, the underlying mechanisms of vascular calcification have not been established. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy22

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