• As revolutionary Marxists, however, we understand capitalism not merely as a collection of economic processes but as an integrated system of socioeconomic relationships. (isreview.org)
  • In 'Theorising "racial/colonial primitive accumulation": settler colonialism, slavery and racial capitalism', he pushes the literature on racial capitalism through the analytic of 'racial/colonial primitive accumulation' in order to theorise how capital differentially engages human populations and land in processes of accumulation - thus elucidating why Black and Indigenous populations are disproportionately affected by neoliberalism. (irr.org.uk)
  • I argue that sustainability (or a healthy environment) can be seen as an "ecological social wage" under capitalism and has to be fought for as a part of a larger fight against the various logics of capitalism, such as endless accumulation, and against the system as a whole. (socialistproject.ca)
  • The threat to sustainability under capitalism does not come from the fact that there are too many people on earth, nor from the fact that some erstwhile poor countries are consuming more things to live a slightly better life, nor indeed from human beings' productive activity as such (e.g. industrialization), although all these facts do involve increased extraction of resources from nature. (socialistproject.ca)
  • How labour became such a commodity before the rise of capitalism is the subject of Part 8 of Capital, which deals with primitive or original accumulation. (davidharvey.org)
  • Liberal privacy philosophy tends to ignore the political economy of privacy in capitalism that can mask socio-economic inequality and protect capital and the rich from public accountability. (mdpi.com)
  • In capitalism, however, the relation to nature only appears to be mediated by human practice. (steemit.com)
  • There Marx referred to "the squandering of the vitality of the soil" by large-scale capitalist enterprise, generating "an irreparable rift in the interdependent process of social metabolism, a metabolism prescribed by the natural laws of life itself. (monthlyreview.org)
  • For Marx, as for Liebig, this robbery was not of course confined simply to external nature, since humans as corporeal beings were themselves part of nature. (monthlyreview.org)
  • Marx here seeks to show how particular forms of capital crystallize out of the repeated circular movement of capital between the spheres of production and exchange. (libcom.org)
  • Marx begins in Part I by considering the purely formal aspects of the circulation of capital from which he derives the three circuits, and the three forms, of industrial capital. (libcom.org)
  • Then, in Part II, Marx proceeds to the substantiation of this formal movement, which emerges once the circulation of capital is considered in terms of its subsumption of the multiplicity of individual production processes. (libcom.org)
  • With this Marx derives and locates the particular material and temporal categories that arise out of this substantiated circulation of capital, such as fixed, circulating and latent capital. (libcom.org)
  • With this analysis Marx comes to define the particular departments which must constitute the totality of social capital and the relative proportions which are required to ensure the unity and coherence of social capital's reproduction. (libcom.org)
  • However, in taking the overall circulation of capital as the unity of capital's movement between production and exchange, Marx has to posit the opposition of production and exchange. (libcom.org)
  • Although Marx is obliged to resolve such discontinuities in the overall continuity of movement of capital, thereby repressing the question of rupture and crisis, this implicit question becomes increasingly insistent in the course of Volume II's development. (libcom.org)
  • It is widely believed that Marx adapted the labour theory of value from Ricardo as a founding concept for his studies of capital accumulation. (davidharvey.org)
  • While the steps in the argument are complicated, Marx appears to have done little more than synthesize and formalize Ricardo's labour theory of value by embedding it in the totality of circulation and accumulation as depicted in Figure 1. (davidharvey.org)
  • Marx: "Communism as the positive transcendence of private property as human self-estrangement and, therefore, as man's complete atonement as a social (i.e., human) being - a reunion accomplished consciously and embracing the entire wealth of previous development. (steemit.com)
  • The mutual interdependency within the totality of capital circulation is what matters. (davidharvey.org)
  • When the U.S. Civil War ended, Edward A. Pollard "of Virginia" immediately wrote a history of Confederate military operations- The Lost Cause: A New Southern History of the War of the Confederates -where he insisted that human slavery was immune from moral blame for the just concluded conflict. (peoplesworld.org)
  • There's more: Slavery "elevated the African and was in the interest of human improvement. (peoplesworld.org)
  • Humanity, therefore, is facing issues of ecological survival on two levels: (1) a still reversible but rapidly worsening Earth System crisis, threatening to undermine civilization as a whole and make the planet uninhabitable for the human species, and (2) accelerating extreme weather and other ecological disasters associated with climate change that are now unavoidable in the coming decades, affecting localities and regions throughout the globe. (transcend.org)
  • a world where all that one has seems to come from economic activity and not from the ecological processes which underlie and sustain all living existence. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • Control of anthrax among humans depends on the integration of veterinary and human health surveillance and control programmes. (who.int)
  • It is, however, based on the capitalist mode of development of the productive forces, a process that does not promote man's liberation from nature, but rather makes him more dependent on it. (steemit.com)
  • Asia is emerging to become an important global development epicenter in addition to America and Europe, and this process is gaining momentum with rapidly developing economies and growing populations of India and China and attracting due attention of the world. (who.int)
  • In the last quarter century, the premise of the possibility of endless growth for the purpose of unlimited capital accumulation has met the inevitable challenges of resource exhaustion on a global scale and its human consequences. (rutgers.edu)
  • He shows neoliberalism to be both (a) a new economic strategy of capital accumulation adopted after the crisis of 1973-1974, and (b) a set of political policies to enable capital to accumulate and to smash the working class and its organizations. (isreview.org)
  • Progressive taxation compresses the (after-tax) wage structure, thereby distorting the incentives to accumulate human capital, in turn reducing the cross-sectional dispersion of (before-tax) wages. (federalreserve.gov)
  • Individuals enter the economy with an initial stock of human capital and are able to accumulate more human capital over the life cycle using a Ben-Porath (1967) style technology (which essentially combines learning ability, time, and existing human capital for production). (federalreserve.gov)
  • This new era, accurately christened neoliberalism in hindsight, reversed, in the words of Nancy Fraser, "the previous formula, which sought to 'use politics to tame markets'" and instituted a new political process of using "markets to tame politics. (isreview.org)
  • We see neoliberalism as a particular strategy developed by capital in the postwar era that has a far denser history and more far-reaching consequences than the buying and selling of derivates. (isreview.org)
  • Davidson's is an outstanding comprehensive account of the involved and often contradictory processes that went into the making of neoliberalism as a "political-economic" strategy developed by ruling class "vanguards" (such as Margaret Thatcher in the UK) from the mid-1970s in response to capitalism's crisis of profitability. (isreview.org)
  • With these discontinuities, as we shall point out, we may detect the implicit and submerged question of rupture and crisis within the movement of capital. (libcom.org)
  • If the answer is yes, then human survival is indeed at stake in the environmental crisis. (transcend.org)
  • Volume II: The Process of Circulation, as its subtitle suggests, is concerned with the overall circulation of capital. (libcom.org)
  • that is how they become totalized within the overall reproduction and circulation of social capital. (libcom.org)
  • In considering the overall circulation and movement of capital, Volume II takes the whole question of production as both a process of alienation and exploitation as given. (libcom.org)
  • All this is now presupposed, having been dealt with in Volume I. With exploitation and alienation given as a presupposition within the analysis of the movement and overall circulation of capital we find the closure of the subjective, of the counter- dialectic of class struggle, for the moment complete. (libcom.org)
  • An opposition which, as we shall see, repeatedly manifests itself as discontinuities in the continuous overall circulation of capital. (libcom.org)
  • It is the circulation of money as capital (chapter 5) that consolidates the conditions for the formation of capital's distinctive value form as a regulatory norm. (davidharvey.org)
  • But the circulation of capital presupposes the prior existence of wage labour as a commodity that can be bought and sold in the market (chapter 6). (davidharvey.org)
  • A simple but crude analogy for Marx's argument might be this: the human body depends for its vitality upon the circulation of the blood, which has no being outside of the human body. (davidharvey.org)
  • Value formation likewise cannot be understood outside of the circulation process that houses it. (davidharvey.org)
  • As Kathi Weeks describes it, social reproduction theory "has in fact required a vast re-thinking of [Marxism's] concepts and models, its critical analyses and utopian visions" as feminists mapped the possibilities of an expansive politics at the site of "the contradiction between capital accumulation and social reproduction. (internationalviewpoint.org)
  • Capitalist production, therefore, only develops the techniques and the degree of combination of the social process of production by simultaneously undermining the original sources of all wealth-the soil and the worker. (monthlyreview.org)
  • This was visible in the many forms of bonded labor, in the conditions of social reproduction in the patriarchal household, and in the destructive physical impacts and the loss of the vital powers of individual human beings. (monthlyreview.org)
  • However, various left thinkers, many of them within the natural sciences, constituting a kind of second foundation of critical thought, and others in the arts rebelled against this narrow conception of human progress, and in the process generated a wider dialectic of ecology and a deeper materialism that questioned the environmental as well as social depredations of capitalist society. (monthlyreview.org)
  • This is reflected, firstly in the attenuation of the analysis of production from that of a process of alienation to that of a process of exploitation, and secondly, in the attenuation of Marx's abstract social labour theory of value into a quasi-embodied labour theory of value. (libcom.org)
  • On the basis of recent work (Bell 2003), these readily obtained observations about the management of fertility enable us to explain the fact of socially amorphous and flexible organization among the structurally simplest of contemporary hunter-gatherers and with similar immediacy recognize that a very different form of social organization had to predominate among early humans. (socionauki.ru)
  • The 2008-2013 cycle is generated with investment in social and capital areas - such as infrastructure - and with the export expansion of commodities. (una.py)
  • Because of capitalistically degenerated labor, man does not develop his universal creative powers but, instead, is crippled as a natural, creative and social being and reduced to being a mechanical part of working processes - to being a destructive specialty-idiot. (steemit.com)
  • As the world economic and market relations are influenced by boundless information flow, huge movements of people, goods and services, and, based on that, a totally new context of globalization is emerging, countries around the world started to define their long-term policies for human, social development and economic growth coordinating them closely with global and regional development trends. (who.int)
  • Racism is "a system [of power and oppression] of structuring opportunity and assigning value based on the social interpretation of how one looks (which is what we call "race") that unfairly disadvantages some individuals and communities, unfairly advantages other individuals and communities, and saps the strength of the whole society through the waste of human resources" (1). (cdc.gov)
  • In capital's case, however, the process appears as not only self-reproducing (cyclical) but also self-expanding (the spiral form of accumulation). (davidharvey.org)
  • In both instances, Marx's notion of the robbery of the soil is intrinsically connected to the rift in the metabolism between human beings and the earth. (monthlyreview.org)
  • 4 The expropriation of nature in capitalist society thus had its counterpart, in Marx's analysis, in the expropriation of human bodily existence. (monthlyreview.org)
  • As a result, despite the considerable efforts of Engels in compiling and editing the various manuscripts that provide the material for this volume, the presentation of Marx's line of argument often lacks the force and direction that we find elsewhere in Capital. (libcom.org)
  • It threatens to break out and disrupt the very line of development of Marx's exposition -- as in indeed it does later in the final volume of Capital. (libcom.org)
  • While lineages, tribes and states are the most sophisticated forms of such aggregations, the author suggests the likelihood that early humans might have possessed other forms that are ethnographically unknown. (socionauki.ru)
  • For socialist theory as for liberal analysis-and for Western science and culture in general-the notion of the conquest of nature and of human exemption from natural laws has for centuries been a major trope, reflecting the systematic alienation of nature. (monthlyreview.org)
  • Without entering into regional and global processes, or major changes in economic policy, we observe, above all, the hardest and most stable economic relationship between investment and growth. (una.py)
  • Nevertheless, while it is still possible to avoid irreversible climate change through a massive transformation in the mode of production, it is no longer feasible to circumvent accelerating environmental disasters in the present century on a scale never seen before in human history, endangering the lives and living conditions of billions of people. (transcend.org)
  • The same basic logic was present in the other famous passage on the metabolic rift, at the end of the chapter on "The Genesis of Capitalist Ground Rent" in the third volume of Capital . (monthlyreview.org)
  • At the end of Volume I, with the theory of accumulation, capital stands as the unity of production and exchange, as a self-mediating, self-sustaining objective and alien process which subsumes all human subjectivity to its own movement. (libcom.org)
  • The concept of capital as a process - as value in motion - based on the purchase of labour power and means of production is inextricably interwoven with the emergence of the value form. (davidharvey.org)
  • It founded a system of industry by which labor and capital were identified [ sic ] in interest. (peoplesworld.org)
  • fostering a democratic system of governance, which serves its citizens, protects human rights and freedoms, and is free from corruption and red tape. (who.int)
  • Society and nature were often treated dualistically as two entirely distinct realms, justifying the expropriation of nature, and with it the exploitation of the larger human population. (monthlyreview.org)
  • In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. (mdpi.com)
  • From the 1980s onwards, the Keynesian steering of national economies was systematically dismantled in favor of a new mode of capital accumulation. (isreview.org)
  • National Development Strategy of Mongolia defines in a comprehensive manner its policy for the next fourteen years aimed at promoting human development in Mongolia, in a humane, civil, and democratic society, and developing intensively the country's economy, society, science, technology, culture and civilization in strict compliance with global and regional development trends. (who.int)
  • The purpose of this paper is to show that band organization was not the prevailing form among early humans . (socionauki.ru)
  • We are rapidly approaching a planetary tipping point in the form of a climate Armageddon, threatening to make the earth unlivable for the human species, as well as innumerable other species. (transcend.org)
  • Over the forty years that Davidson maps, it is only natural to find that the policies of elected governments across the world did not always coincide with the new needs of capital reorganization along neoliberal lines. (isreview.org)
  • The ecology of the earth stabilized following the total freezing of the earth's surface 700 or 800 million years ago, stabilized following the great Permian extinction and will stabilize after the human industrial extinction to which we presently contribute. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • We have had now for about 40 years, exponential credit growth in the developed world, and also an unleashing of fiat money, followed by the end of the Bretton Woods agreement, with many benefits in terms of capital flows going to the developing world, or at least this would be one interpretation of events, in keeping with Kindleberger or Minsky, in terms of their ideas of liquidity. (mcalvany.com)
  • It has existed for hundreds of years and still occurs naturally in both animals and humans in many parts of the world, including Asia, southern Europe, sub-Sahelian Africa and parts of Australia. (who.int)
  • Processes and challenges of growth 1960-2015. (una.py)
  • But in rejecting the dialectics of nature, Western Marxism was compelled to absent itself from the natural world almost entirely, except insofar as it could be said to impinge on human psychology or human nature or to have an indirect impact via technology. (monthlyreview.org)
  • This connection apparently gave birth to a different anthropology, opposed to the one produced by modernity, which - allegedly - conceives of the dominion over nature by a privileged human subject only as far as the sense of "seeing" and "knowing" is concerned. (openedition.org)
  • Since man is instrumentalized, from his earliest youth, by a capitalistically conditioned way of life, human practice is but one of the manifestations of capitalism's relation to nature and essentially corresponds to capitalism's destructive character. (steemit.com)
  • At the same time, this destructive relation to nature conditions man's relation to both society and the future, as well as man's relation to himself as a natural and human being. (steemit.com)
  • Only if man, as an emancipated natural being, has a humanizing relation to nature, can he have a humanizing relation to his own body as his immediate nature and to himself as a human being. (steemit.com)
  • This certificate program capitalizes on the expertise of the Women's and Gender Studies faculty in the science and health studies, and the commitment of the IWL Consortium to foster women's leadership in all aspects of human endeavor, to provide a series of courses that addresses some of the most pressing issues on the global agenda. (rutgers.edu)
  • Were adequately designed human studies identified in the text (i.e., good exposure data, sufficiently long period of exposure to account for observed health effects, adequate control for confounding factors)? (cdc.gov)
  • There are only limited human studies involving disulfoton. (cdc.gov)
  • We all want the same things: sufficiency of sustenance, safety and health, human companionship and a sense of connection with and comprehension of the activities of the world beyond our direct powers of intervention. (dissidentvoice.org)
  • This course examines the externalized business costs paid in the currency of hu-man health and health consequences such as illness caused by toxic industrial byproducts, injury from resource extraction processes such as nuclear fission and deep-water oil drilling, manifold health hazards of violent conflict over control of scarce resources in postcolonial states, and dangers that attend climate change. (rutgers.edu)
  • Routine cross-notification between the veterinary and human health surveillance systems should be part of any zoonotic disease prevention and control programme, and close collaboration between the two health sectors is particularly important during epidemiological and outbreak investigations. (who.int)
  • In this paper it is shown that early human society could not have been organized as bands. (socionauki.ru)
  • So, the archaeologist seeking to understand the society of ancient humans has to tiptoe into a shadowy world of inference, conjecture, speculation, and carefully justified analogy (Bogucki 1999: 72). (socionauki.ru)
  • Individuals can choose to either invest in human capital on the job up to a certain fraction of their time or enroll in school where they can invest full time. (federalreserve.gov)
  • The conclusion is made about the importance of data integration in the context of the digitalization of the economy to improve the reliability, competitiveness and efficiency of business processes in the context of the integration of digital interaction of enterprises. (isa.ru)
  • The fifth scenario (SSP5-8.5) points to an increase in the global average temperature of 4.4°C (best estimate)-spelling the collapse of civilization and absolute disaster for the human species. (transcend.org)
  • Volume II is perhaps the most neglected of all the three volumes of Capital. (libcom.org)
  • The answer is (as usual) complicated in its details but the lineaments of it can be reconstructed from the structure of the first volume of Capital . (davidharvey.org)
  • Humans generally acquire the disease directly or indirectly from infected animals, or through occupational exposure to infected or contaminated animal products. (who.int)
  • Specifically, we construct a life cycle model that features some key determinants of wages--most notably, human capital accumulation and idiosyncratic shocks. (federalreserve.gov)
  • Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. (who.int)
  • An analysis based on Marxist thinking sheds light on what moved that process. (peoplesworld.org)
  • Since it was first reported in Vietnam in 2003, the disease has been responsible for human outbreaks and deaths in 15 countries in Asia, Europe, Middle East and Africa resulting in 603 human cases including 356 deaths. (who.int)
  • The low ART coverage is the result of an accumulation of failures and weaknesses of current HIV control strategies and programmes. (who.int)
  • Capitalistically degenerated labor prevents a man to develop his universal creative powers and is reducing him to being a mechanical part of working processes - to being a destructive specialty-idiot. (steemit.com)