• It is the developmental characteristic of neural progenitor cells in differentiated embryonic stem cell cultures. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Thus, the highest level divisions of the Developmental CNS Model are the Telencephalon, Mesencephalon, and Rhombencephalon, which correspond to a large extent, but with significant exceptions, to the forebrain , midbrain , and hindbrain of the Classical Model. (washington.edu)
  • Primary cilia are involved in a wide range of processes, including the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and response to external signals. (fireblogz.com)
  • Editing this mutation into the Drosophila genome results in global changes in the O-GlcNAc proteome, while in mouse embryonic stem cells it leads to loss of O-GlcNAcase and delayed differentiation down the neuronal lineage. (rcsb.org)
  • In characterizing the molecular differentiation of developing peripheral auditory structures, we discovered that hepatocyte growth factor ( Hgf ) is expressed in the future stria vascularis of the cochlear epithelium. (jneurosci.org)
  • In contrast to earlier models that featured nephron-like structures, these advances have improved the differentiation efficiency and similarity to the human kidney. (j-organoid.org)
  • Another study in mice, by Johansson et al, indicated "that embryonic thyroid differentiation is an asynchronous process," one that spans "several developmental stages of thyroid organogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • These results suggest that the decrease in the growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 expression initiated at the primary follicle stage effect the follicle development and zona pellucida structure and may cause subfertility or infertility in Polycystic ovary syndrome. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
  • These structures, known as cilia, may be microscopic, but their impact on various physiological processes is nothing short of monumental. (fireblogz.com)
  • The developmental investigation of sound transmitting apparatus is important in understanding the ontogenetic processes behind morphological diversity. (scielo.br)
  • Our data reveal that Ftm is necessary for developmental processes such as the establishment of left-right asymmetry and patterning of the neural tube and the limbs. (silverchair.com)
  • Most of them are known to be involved in developmental processes. (embl.de)
  • These organoids mimic the structural similarities and developmental processes of the kidneys, while reflecting their physiological properties. (j-organoid.org)
  • the primary pair-rule genes even-skipped, hairy and runt , and the segment polarity genes wingless and engrailed were examined in embryos lacking germline and zygotic dri function. (sdbonline.org)
  • It is presumed that Dri, like Osa, which is a member of the Trithorax Group of genes implicated in the modification of chromatin structures required for epigenetic regulation (Vazquez, 1999), is acting to establish stable chromatin structures. (sdbonline.org)
  • They found that many genes related to the outer/inner cell fates of blastocysts were present in the induced structures, but at lower than natural levels, indicating that the new technique does not perfectly reproduce blastocysts. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The way the DNA is structured, wrapped and read is fundamental to how and when the blueprint genes are read. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • In stem cells, open chromatin participating in the most significant regression models demonstrated an enrichment for developmental genes and the TAD-forming CTCF binding complex, providing an opportunity for statistical inference of shifting TAD boundaries operating during early development. (elifesciences.org)
  • These results validated a different transcript in pigs and characterized its expression profile in fetal tissues of different gestation stages, which indicated that EZH2 played important roles during porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • Subsequently, we detected the expression of EZH2 on mRNA level and protein level in two different embryonic development stages (65-dpc and 90-dpc) via qRT-PCR and western blots. (hindawi.com)
  • When they examined small clusters of cells a few days before they matured into the blastocyst-like structures, they found that the cells contained gene expression for totipotency that are found in two-cell embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
  • While each DNA blueprint, or gene, encodes for a different machine or structure, the genome, the collection of DNA wrapped up inside the nucleus, is much more active than a quiet library of neatly stacked blue-prints. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Topics covered will include cell membrane structure and function, metabolism, cell motility and division, genome structure and replication, the regulation of gene expression and protein production, genotype to phenotype relationship, and basic principles of inheritance. (middlebury.edu)
  • Gene expression is known to be affected by interactions between local genetic variation and DNA accessibility, with the latter organized into three-dimensional chromatin structures. (elifesciences.org)
  • Local regulatory mechanisms within the genome and their interaction with chromatin structure give rise to subtle variations in gene expression. (elifesciences.org)
  • As one of the two distinct complexes, namely, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2, PRC2 mediates gene silencing by modulating chromatin structure [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, the appropriate expression level of the EZH2 gene is important for embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the transcript and expression status of the EZH2 gene during porcine embryonic development remains unknown. (hindawi.com)
  • The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins plays an important role during embryonic development in regulating growth, patterning and morphogenesis of many tissues ( Ingham and McMahon, 2001 ). (silverchair.com)
  • The following study began as an examination of the transformation of the second branchial or pharyngeal pouch} Of the branchial pouches that appear in the development of the embryonic pharynx of man, the second, and the second alone, possesses rather negative characteristics. (edu.au)
  • 1] The thyroid originates from two main structures: the primitive pharynx and the neural crest. (medscape.com)
  • This embryonic swelling develops from the first pharyngeal arch and occurs midline on the floor of the developing pharynx, eventually helping form the tongue as the two lateral lingual swellings overgrow it. (medscape.com)
  • During embryonic development, cilia play a fundamental role in orchestrating complex signaling pathways. (fireblogz.com)
  • The Hedgehog signaling pathway, for example, relies on primary cilia to transduce signals that are crucial for proper development of various tissues and organs. (fireblogz.com)
  • Understanding these intricate signaling mechanisms provides insights into both normal development and the origins of developmental disorders. (fireblogz.com)
  • The embryonic development and colour changes of eggs during incubation were documented. (researchgate.net)
  • Xenopus laevis embryonic protein UVS.2, which is expressed during dorsoanterior development. (embl.de)
  • During mouse embryonic development, a subpopulation of neural crest cell-derived melanocytes migrates and incorporates into a subregion of the cochlear epithelium, forming the intermediate cell layer of the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
  • The neural crest (NC) is comprised of specialized cells that arise from the lateral border of the neural plate and migrate into specific locations during vertebrate embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
  • NC cells contribute to several inner ear structures during embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
  • During the metanephric development process, epiblasts expressing T (brachyury) give rise to nascent mesoderm on embryonic day (E) 7.5. (j-organoid.org)
  • During embryonic development, there are a series of morphogenetic events that lead to the formation of the neural tube. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • The site of this development lies between 2 key structures, the tuberculum impar and the copula, and is known as the foramen cecum. (medscape.com)
  • EZH2, a methyltransferase catalyzing H3K27me3, has been abundantly studied in human and mouse embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • In the early embryonic development, abnormal expression of EZH2 impaired embryo growth and pluripotency maintenance [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In pigs, several studies have focused on its function in early embryonic development regulation and in SCNT efficiency improvement [ 8 , 14 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our study is aimed at providing information for understanding the biological function of EZH2 in porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • A study on rats demonstrated that the oocyte-derived GDF9-enhanced passage of primordial follicles to the primary stage was required for pre-antral follicle development (10). (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
  • In GDF9 null mice, follicle development was arrested at the primary stage with no further growth (11). (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
  • The ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) comprise a large, heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that are defined by primary defects in the development of 2 or more tissues derived from embryonic ectoderm. (medscape.com)
  • Function of FGF signaling in the developmental process of the median fin fold in zebrafish. (nih.gov)
  • Students will learn to identify some anatomical structures of the vertebrate body and learn basic functions and the evolutionary homologies for these structures. (middlebury.edu)
  • Some studies have suggested a role for this protein in maintaining centriole-nucleated sensory organelles termed primary cilia, and AS is now considered to belong to the growing class of human genetic disorders linked to ciliary dysfunction (ciliopathies). (springer.com)
  • and it includes the retina , a structure which is located outside the cranial cavity of the mature animal but originates in the Encephalon (embryonic brain ). (washington.edu)
  • The differential regulation of aos and btd domains by dri occurs at a time when Dri is found in all somatic nuclei of the embryo, so that Dri must be acting to permit the proper function of other developmental regulatory factors. (sdbonline.org)
  • [ 7 ] Similarly, in 2001, Priolo and Laganà reclassified the ectodermal dysplasias into 2 main functional groups: (1) defects in developmental regulation/epithelial-mesenchymal interaction and (2) defects in cytoskeleton maintenance and cell stability. (medscape.com)
  • The study shows that the blastocyst-like structures very closely resemble actual blastocysts, and even induce proper changes in the uterus after being implanted in pseudo-pregnant mice. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Nevertheless, when transplanted to the womb of pseudo-pregnant mice, the blastocyst-like structures often induced changes to the uterus that are necessary for successful blastocyst implantation, including the integration of the maternal blood supply. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We establish the extent and structure of genotype-by-epigenotype interaction using embryonic stem cells derived from Diversity Outbred mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
  • Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
  • The Functional Model is most useful for addressing the fundamental challenge of neuroscience, namely to understand the relations between neural structure and function. (washington.edu)
  • Neural rosettes refer to radially organized cellular structures. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Recent research has shown that the dismantlement of neural rosettes promotes neurogenesis and astrogenesis prematurely, which means that the complete rosette structure is essential for orderly neurodevelopment. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • Besides, the mechanism of neural rosettes formation relates to secondary neurulation rather than that of primary neurulation. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • In an experiment Beisson and Sonneborn in 1985, it was demonstrated in Paramecium that if a section of cilia was removed and inverted, then the progeny of that Paramecium would also display the modified cilia structure for several generations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the diverse roles of cilia in cellular function, it is not surprising that abnormalities in cilia structure and function can lead to a group of disorders known as ciliopathies. (fireblogz.com)
  • In doing so, they noticed structures that looked like early embryo blastocysts. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the new report, the team has refined their reprogramming technique to produce embryo-like structures that are more similar to real embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The Developmental Model is more useful for analyzing the embryonic and genetic origins of brain structure. (washington.edu)
  • The history of bilateral cleft lip repair has evolved from discarding the premaxilla and prolabium and approximating the lateral lip elements to a definitive lip and primary cleft nasal repair utilizing the underlying musculature. (medscape.com)
  • The families of children with cleft lip and nose should be counseled that while primary nasal repair sets up a "more normal" vector for growth, their child may benefit from a touch-up revision before the school years and, ultimately, a formal rhinoplasty at the conclusion of orthodontic/orthognathic care. (medscape.com)
  • These developmental stimuli are categorised as intrinsic, the genetic and nutritional influences, or extrinsic, the environmental influences and are interpreted by signal transduction pathways . (wikimili.com)
  • Such a conception would of necessityassume that these structures, as such, were in some way intrinsic in the cells of the pharyngeal entoderm metamerically arranged. (edu.au)
  • Here we undertake a genome-scale analysis of these interactions in a genetically diverse population to systematically identify global genetic-epigenetic interaction, and reveal constraints imposed by chromatin structure. (elifesciences.org)
  • These findings provide evidence that genetic and epigenetic factors operate within the context of three-dimensional chromatin structure. (elifesciences.org)
  • The implanted structures often grew and produced many types of cells that resembled those naturally found in early developing embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Critical and careful examination of the abundant material in the way of human and higher mammal embryos in the past has failed to determine the presence of traces of such structures belonging to the second pouch (p. 360), and I may say at this point that careful examination by myself of the quite complete series of human embryos used in this study but confirms the negative findings of other workers. (edu.au)
  • The NeuroNames terminology for structures in the Functional Model is, insofar as possible, the same as that for structures that are equivalent to structures in the Classical Model. (washington.edu)
  • This means that while some scientific descriptions are still accurate, the terminology and interpretation of the developmental mechanisms reflect the understanding at the time of original publication and those of the preceding periods, these terms, interpretations and recommendations may not reflect our current scientific understanding. (edu.au)
  • The Classical Model is reflected in the hierarchy of human and macaque brain structures that you find when you click 'Locus in Brain Hierarchy' below. (washington.edu)
  • In the intricate landscape of the human body, there exist tiny, hair-like structures that play a crucial role in maintaining our health and well-being. (fireblogz.com)
  • Cilia, the unassuming hair-like structures, weave a tapestry of health within the human body. (fireblogz.com)
  • 2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
  • A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
  • The Genome Structure Function section of the Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences investigates the fundamentals of the active information database that is our genome, in normal and disease states. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • We show that stable 3D genome structure is an effective tool to guide searches for regulatory elements and, conversely, that regulatory elements in genetically diverse populations provide a means to infer 3D genome structure. (elifesciences.org)
  • Division at the highest level is into four structures: the pallium , cerebral nuclei , cerebellum , and cerebrospinal trunk . (washington.edu)
  • The structure of CUB domains consists of a beta-sandwich with a jelly-roll fold. (embl.de)
  • The embryonic kidney consists of the metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric buds. (j-organoid.org)
  • A further test comparing the blastocyst-like structures with their precursors showed that cells in the matured structures were bound close together--a hallmark of blastocyst formation and polarization that is the result of a process called compaction. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Structural templating: structures are replicated using a template or scaffold structure of the parent. (wikipedia.org)
  • In that context, the primary purpose of BrainInfo /NeuroNames is to clarify the relations between the structural concepts and the terminologies of these and other ways of looking at the central nervous system . (washington.edu)
  • The division of these primary follicles results in follicle formation during weeks 11 and 12. (medscape.com)
  • An increased electron density in the zona pellucida in some of the multilaminar primary and secondary follicles in the Polycystic ovary syndrome model was also observed at the ultrastructural level. (balkanmedicaljournal.org)
  • Since the first publication on generating kidney-like cell aggregates from pluripotent stem cells, various modifications have been made to develop more complex and detailed kidney structures. (j-organoid.org)
  • The presence of bilateral cleft lip and palate has the potential to significantly alter facial form and structure. (medscape.com)
  • The central third of the face is distorted by the bilateral cleft, and restoring the normal facial form is one of the primary goals for the reconstructive surgeon. (medscape.com)
  • In this exploration, we delve into the fascinating world of cilia function and the profound implications these minuscule structures have on our overall health. (fireblogz.com)
  • The proper copying and repair of DNA to maintain the correct sequence and structure of genomes is critical to the proper function of cells, and repair and replication is frequently disrupted in cancers and targeted by cancer treatments. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • The stria vascularis is a nonsensory structure that is essential for auditory hair cell function by maintaining potassium concentration of the scala media. (jneurosci.org)
  • The relation of this developmental process to stria vascularis function is currently unknown. (jneurosci.org)
  • The likelihood of interaction was most strongly defined by the three-dimensional (3D) domain structure rather than linear DNA sequence. (elifesciences.org)
  • The Developmental CNS Model is not currently illustrated in BrainInfo . (washington.edu)
  • In contrast to motile cilia, primary cilia are immotile and act as sensory antennas on the surface of cells. (fireblogz.com)
  • Researchers have generated 3D blastocyst-like structures from stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • An international collaboration of researchers from the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) in Japan and Gladstone Institutes in the USA have generated 3D blastocyst-like structures from stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Kidney tubuloids derived from adult stem cells offer the advantage of long-term culture and expansion, but they include only tubular structures and lack glomerular components. (j-organoid.org)
  • The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether breast cancer tumors respond (as measured by pathologic complete response: the absence of microscopic evidence of invasive tumor cells in the breast) to combined chemotherapy of AC(doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) followed by paclitaxel plus trastuzumab or lapatinib or both given before surgery to patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • Primary neurulation always occurs in the brain and most of the trunk regions. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • These structures can be classified into two main types: motile cilia, which move rhythmically, and primary cilia, which act as sensory antennas. (fireblogz.com)
  • After seven days of conversion treatment, the new process can produce 5-30 floating self-assembled blastocyst-like structures. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These structures play a pivotal role in sensing environmental cues and facilitating cell communication. (fireblogz.com)
  • This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. (medscape.com)
  • This initially straight structure, fixed at its ends, grows more rapidly than the pericardial cavity in which it lies and, as a result, it must bend. (medscape.com)
  • At the beginning of 4 weeks' gestation, the embryonic heart includes the primary heart tube that eventually forms the ventricles, their outflow tracts, and the proximal great arteries. (medscape.com)