• Part I contains the 1998-1999 biennial report of the Regional Director. (who.int)
  • Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. (cepheid.com)
  • Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. (cepheid.com)
  • In May 1997, the Advisory Committee for HIV and STD Prevention (ACHSP) reviewed data on the relation between curable sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and the risk for sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
  • The Advisory Committee for HIV and STD Prevention (ACHSP) provides oversight and guidance to CDC in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -- the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) -- and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). (cdc.gov)
  • To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • However, little is known on the mechanisms that promote the neural progenitor state after injuries in humans. (frontiersin.org)
  • BRCA1 mutations in primary breast and ovarian carcinomas. (xenbase.org)
  • [ 10 ] TERT mutations are found consistently in both oligodendrogliomas as well as glioblastomas occurring in patients with no previous history of astrocytomas (primary glioblastoma). (medscape.com)
  • [ 10 ] Interestingly, while IDH1/2 mutations and TERT mutations occur together in oligodendrogliomas, they are mutually exclusive in glioblastomas, further supporting the distinction between primary and secondary glioblastomas. (medscape.com)
  • 1994. Polychlorinated biphenyls, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2 bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) in human plasma related to fish consumption. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we report the use of a targeted liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for concurrent quantification of multiple cytochrome P450 (P450), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and transporter proteins in cultured primary human hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Direct protein quantification was applied successfully to study in vitro induction in sandwich cultured primary hepatocytes in a 24-well format using the prototypical inducers rifampicin, omeprazole, and phenobarbital. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Twenty-four compounds were chosen for these studies, based on previously published data using primary human hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • however, ability to attain data can be limited by quality and availability of human hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • The same year, ASPE sponsored a National Symposium on the Health Needs of Human Trafficking Victims, which reiterated the complex health issues of this population and discussed the role of healthcare workers in addressing these needs. (hhs.gov)
  • High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. (cepheid.com)
  • Primary drug resistance is resistance observed in treatment-naive individuals with newly diagnosed HIV infection, in whom resistance is presumably due to the transmission of a drug-resistant variant of HIV-1. (canada.ca)
  • HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-5, also known as cytomegalovirus (CMV), causes a primary infection of the salivary glands and other tissues, and it is believed to have a chronic form. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
  • Describe the characteristics of PCB metabolism in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • The liver is the primary site of metabolism of PCBs, which occurs via hydroxylation and conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulfates. (cdc.gov)
  • The liver is the primary site of metabolism of PCBs. (cdc.gov)
  • 90% of global human plague cases, and most cases are reported from Madagascar and the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In Madagascar, per the Plague National Control Program (PNCP), reporting of suspected human cases by health centers is mandatory. (cdc.gov)
  • We report epidemiologic data and trends for human plague in Madagascar over 19 years of surveillance, analyze risk factors associated with plague complications, and evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the rapid diagnostic test for Y. pestis antigen fraction 1 detection (F1RDT) ( 8 ) after 15 years of use. (cdc.gov)
  • Diagnostic flowchart for suspected cases of plague, Madagascar, 1998-2016. (cdc.gov)
  • Human plague has 2 primary clinical forms, bubonic and pneumonic ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Biochemical signs and severity of symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) differ among patients, and little is known of any coupling of clinical characteristics of nonfamilial pHPT to genetic abnormalities in the parathyroid tumors. (lu.se)
  • This is because after release into the environment, PCB mixture composition changes over time through chemical transformation and preferential bioaccumulation [Cogliano 1998]. (cdc.gov)
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION The Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) monographs produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety include an assessment of the effects on the environment and on human health of exposure to a chemical or combination of chemicals, or physical or biological agents. (inchem.org)
  • As education became more and more expensive in a low-income country where 88 % of the population lived in poverty (UNDP, 1995), a UNICEF assessment of basic education in Sierra Leone (1998) revealed that 45 out of every 100 school-aged children entered primary school, 9 out of those 45 entered secondary school, and one out of the 9 entered a tertiary institution. (dvv-international.de)
  • Using RNA-Seq, we identified a total of 163 and 568 differentially expressed genes in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells that were exposed to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Members of the human herpesvirus (HHV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
  • Visual field map organization in human visual cortex. (scirp.org)
  • In a human fMRI study, we measured the blood oxygen level-dependent activation (BOLD) responses of the primary visual cortex (V1) to the contours of large-diameter stimuli and found that activation closely matched the perceptual rather than the retinal stimulus size: the activated area of V1 increased or decreased, depending on the size of the preceding stimulus. (jneurosci.org)
  • Drug resistance is classified into categories of primary or secondary drug resistance. (canada.ca)
  • That is, six years of primary education and three years of junior secondary school education. (dvv-international.de)
  • 32. All the primary case-patients were male, and all the secondary case-patients were female. (cdc.gov)
  • Applying the law to its many years of research on Israel's treatment of Palestinians, Human Rights Watch in an April 2021 report, 'A Threshold Crossed', found that Israeli authorities were committing the crimes against humanity of apartheid and persecution against Palestinians. (hrw.org)
  • A human BRCA1 gene knockout. (xenbase.org)
  • We have also cloned the corresponding cDNA frommouse and human and shown this gene to be expressed in a variety oforgans, notably organs of the immune system-i.e., bone marrow and spleen.In addition, purified recombinant murine PGRP was shown to possesspeptidoglycan affinity. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • ExperimentalDesign: We investigated ERh by immunohistochemistry in 353 stage II primary breast tumors from patients treated with 2 years adjuvant tamoxifen, and generated gene expres- sion profiles for a representative subset of 88 tumors. (lu.se)
  • This study evaluated human Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD) responses in primary and higher-order olfactory regions of older adults, using odor memory and odor identification tasks. (dovepress.com)
  • Pakistan has an important opportunity to support Palestinian rights at the World Court and in doing so to advance key principles of international law that protect human rights globally. (hrw.org)
  • A Pakistan submission should urge the court to broadly assess the legal consequences of the 56-year-old occupation, including violations of core principles of international law, discriminatory laws, policies and practices of successive Israeli governments, and the consequences of these for international human rights, humanitarian and criminal law. (hrw.org)
  • None of the primary case- patients had any history of drinking fresh date palm sap or exposure to sick humans or animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Public health officials and others concerned with appropriate actions to take at hazardous waste sites may want information on levels of exposure associated with more subtle effects in humans or animals (LOAELs) or exposure levels below which no adverse effects (NOAELs) have been observed. (cdc.gov)
  • Estimates of exposure levels posing minimal risk to humans (Minimal Risk Levels or MRLs) have been made for methyl parathion. (cdc.gov)
  • An MRL is defined as an estimate of daily human exposure to a substance that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse effects (noncarcinogenic) over a specified duration of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • As these kinds of health effects data become available and methods to assess levels of significant human exposure improve, these MRLs will be revised. (cdc.gov)
  • In this paper, we propose the knowledgeable environment as a framework for integrated systems for human-machine co-existing space. (aaai.org)
  • This Epi Update provides a summary of primary HIV drug resistance in Canada and in other developed countries and includes an overview of data from the Canadian Strain and Drug Resistance Surveillance (SDR) program, a collaboration between the provinces and the Public Health Agency of Canada (the Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division and the National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories). (canada.ca)
  • it is also not known whether the flavoring chemicals similarly damage human airway epithelium. (nature.com)
  • We isolated primary tumor cells from 13 astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma patients of all four WHO grades of malignancy and compared the levels of TRAIL-induced apoptosis induction, long-term tumor cell survival, caspase, and caspase target cleavage. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In contrast to cell lines, isolated primary tumor cells from all investigated glioma patients were highly TRAIL resistant. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Eight of the 14 case-patients were primary. (cdc.gov)
  • All 8 of the primary case-patients had altered mental status followed by loss of consciousness and death. (cdc.gov)
  • The DLBCL type of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is composed of immunoblasts or centroblasts that have a predilection for blood vessels and thus demonstrate a typical angiocentric growth pattern. (medscape.com)
  • The UK courts must interpret all legislation in a way that is compatible with the Convention (section 3, Human Rights Act 1998) . (lexology.com)
  • An integrated, community-based healthcare delivery system, ProHealth Care was established in 1998 as a not-for-profit corporation. (sdcexec.com)
  • The company's healthcare system, which includes multiple hospitals, primary care clinics and facilities, has more than 700 affiliated physicians handling approximately 1,300 admissions per month. (sdcexec.com)
  • Depression in primary care: volume 1. (athealth.com)
  • Rockville: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1993. (athealth.com)
  • Designing an intervention to prevent suicide: PROSPECT (Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial). (athealth.com)
  • Nonhospital health care-associated hepatitis B and C virus transmission: United States, 1998-2008. (ahrq.gov)
  • Exploration of prescribing error reporting across primary care: a qualitative study. (ahrq.gov)
  • HHV-1, also known as herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, causes primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, or oral herpes. (medscape.com)
  • A total of 33 outbreaks of Nipah virus encephalitis were reported in Bangladesh and India during 2001 through 2014, and epidemiologic investigations implicated bat-borne and human-to-human transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Investigations of Nipah virus-associated outbreaks in Bangladesh identified consumption of fresh date palm sap as the primary route of bat-to-human transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumonic plague (PP), which is less common, might arise from BP by hematogenous spread to lungs or inhalation of aerosols during human-to-human transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • The first report in 2007, on SAA-stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), exhibited a substantial and significantly higher induction of released IL-6 protein and mRNA levels as compared to HUVEC [ 17 ], as well as increased responsiveness to IL-1 β [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2008, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services published an issue brief, entitled Treating the Hidden Wounds: Trauma Treatment and Mental Health Recovery for Victims of Human Trafficking , which focused on the mental health needs of victims of human trafficking. (hhs.gov)
  • While these forums, as well as others, have served an important role in documenting the mental health needs of victims of human trafficking, questions regarding the best treatment options for this population remain. (hhs.gov)
  • To begin addressing some of the questions regarding mental health treatment, this issue brief examines the evidence-based research for treating common mental health conditions experienced by victims of human trafficking. (hhs.gov)
  • A number of studies have identified the serious and often complex mental health needs of victims of human trafficking. (hhs.gov)
  • The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective on the toxicology of methyl parathion. (cdc.gov)
  • 3. HEALTH EFFECTS the effects vary with dose and/or duration, and place into perspective the possible significance of these effects to human health. (cdc.gov)
  • Estimates of levels posing minimal risk to humans (minimal risk levels or MRLs) may be of interest to health professionals and citizens alike. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, in this report, we investigated how overexpression of GATA3 in primary human astrocytes would affect the neurogenic potential before and after injury in 2D and 3D cultures. (frontiersin.org)
  • The European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention) provides that everyone has the right to respect for their private and family life (Article 8) and freedom of expression (Article 10). (lexology.com)
  • My research program explores the neural basisof human motor skill learning. (concordia.ca)
  • In addition, I am a member of the Scientific Committee of the Quebec Bio-imaging Network, as well as a member of the FRQ-funded Centre for Research in Human Development, the Centre for Research in Brain, Language and Music, and an associate member of the Centre for the Study of Behavioural Neurobiology. (concordia.ca)
  • Whereas the research establishment and its stakeholders would have us believe that the rights of individual human subjects are well protected by Institutional Review Boards (IRB), this Court has rightfully recognized that IRBs are "primarily, in-house organs" which are neither designed to be objective nor are they "sufficiently concerned with the ethicality of the experiments they review as they are with the success of the experiments. (ahrp.org)
  • We do research to benefit the animals, not humans--at least not directly," he adds. (nwf.org)
  • During 2004 through 2012, a total of 157 infections were reported in Bangladesh, and 22 percent of these occurred through human-to- human transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • For human teeth to have a healthy oral environment, all parts of the tooth must develop during appropriate stages of fetal development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primary (baby) teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth week of prenatal development, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth week. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following tables present the development timeline of human teeth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Times for the initial calcification of primary teeth are for weeks in utero. (wikipedia.org)
  • These correspond to the 10 primary teeth of each dental arch, and they signify the bud stage of tooth development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Periodontal ligament mesenchymal cells were obtained from two healthy human teeth (impacted third molars). (bvsalud.org)
  • Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of GATA3 significantly increased the number of GFAP/SOX2 double positive astrocytes and expression of pro-neural factor ASCL1, but failed to induce neurogenesis, suggesting that GATA3 is required for enhancing the neurogenic potential of primary human astrocytes and is not sufficient to induce neurogenesis alone. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Construction Safety/Risk Control Minor was implemented in the fall of 1998. (cdc.gov)
  • 2004), Analysis of missense variation in human BRCA1 i. (xenbase.org)
  • Analysis of missense variation in human BRCA1 in the context of interspecific sequence variation. (xenbase.org)
  • 1998. Profiles of Great Lakes critical pollutants: A sentinel analysis of human blood and urine. (cdc.gov)
  • Analysis of the primary structure of synapsin III indicates that the most conserved domains are A, C, and E, when compared with either synapsin I or synapsin II. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) is the principal drug-metabolizing enzyme in human liver. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) is the major drug-metabolizing enzyme in human liver and is responsible for the clearance of many commonly used drugs, including benzodiazepines, statins, calcium channel blockers, and HIV protease inhibitors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In this study, we utilized primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells that are cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI) to mimic the in vivo airway characteristics 30 . (nature.com)
  • The human ear serves as a unique environment with its own microbiome due to its distinct anatomy (Belkaid, 2014). (kenyon.edu)
  • br>The outer ear is exposed to the external environment and much like skin on other parts of the human body is in contact with microbial life. (kenyon.edu)
  • The Plague National Control Program was established in 1993 and includes human surveillance. (cdc.gov)
  • br>Three main compartments subdivide the human ear: the outer, middle and inner ear. (kenyon.edu)
  • Malignant gliomas are the most aggressive human brain tumors without any curative treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We established a stable culture model for isolated primary human glioma cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our primary enforcement objective is to achieve regulatory compliance. (lichfielddc.gov.uk)
  • This online archive of the CDC Prevention Guidelines Database is being maintained for historical purposes, and has had no new entries since October 1998. (cdc.gov)
  • The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 49, 5-28. (scirp.org)
  • Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35, 1359-1367. (scirp.org)
  • In this situation, the ICJ advisory opinion could have significant implications, including for any findings of violations of international human rights law, international humanitarian law , and international criminal law. (hrw.org)
  • Through exploring how primary school teachers in South Korea perceive global citizenship and make pedagogical decisions, and understanding the gap between their perspectives and their actual engagement in class, the dynamics of teacher agency will be analyzed and this study seeks to elucidate theoretical and practical implications on teacher education. (eera-ecer.de)
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) studies using the Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA) paradigm have revealed that cortical representations of VWM are at a minimum loosely organized like the primary visual system, such that the left side of space is represented in the right hemisphere, and vice versa. (scirp.org)
  • Ashrawi's journey of becoming a 'full human being' started in the intimate space of home. (boell.org)
  • Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)