Primary astrocytes. Medical search. Frequent questions

We report here the patterning of primary rat neurons and astrocytes from the postnatal hippocampus on ultra-thin parylene-C deposited on a silicon dioxide substrate, following observations of neuronal, astrocytic and nuclear coverage on strips of different lengths, widths and thicknesses. (ed.ac.uk)
Primary cultures of cortical neurons and astrocytes were treated with EO (0-25%) for up to 90 min. (hindawi.com)
Neurons and astrocytes talk with each other in a way that has not been known about before," Dr. Dulla said. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers used our cells to compare the expression of GPC2 in healthy neurons and astrocytes with cancerous tissue when looking at a potential target for therapy. (neuromics.com)
PON2 has potent antioxidant properties and is found at 3- to 4-fold higher levels in females than males, providing increased protection against oxidative stress, as observed in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes from female mice compared with male mice. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, a plausible regenerative therapeutic option is to coax the endogenous reactive astrocytes to a pre-neurogenic progenitor state and use them as an endogenous reservoir for repair. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, finding out molecular mechanisms by which reactive astrocytes can be coaxed into neurons will be of utmost importance for regenerative therapies as these astrocytes are the imminent cell types around the lesion site. (frontiersin.org)
Under pathological conditions, such as infection, injury, or neurodegeneration, reactive astrocytes in combination with microglia contribute to the inflammatory response, playing a vital part in advancing neurodegenerative diseases. (news-medical.net)
Transcriptomic analyses confirmed that PAX6+NeuN- sorted populations are robustly enriched for pan-astrocyte markers and seize astrocytes in each resting and reactive situations. (aetox.com)
The team of researchers, led by Director C. Justin Lee, uncovered a mechanism by which astrocytes in the brain absorb high levels of acetates, which in turn transform them into hazardous reactive astrocytes. (qpsneuro.com)
Overall, the team's research demonstrates the importance of reactive astrocytes in neuroinflammation and AD pathogenesis and could signal a breakthrough in both the diagnosis and treatment of AD. (qpsneuro.com)
Lee has been researching a different theory: proposing that reactive astrocytes - not Aβ plaques - are the primary cause of AD. (qpsneuro.com)
Along with his team at the Institute for Basic Science's Center for Cognition and Sociality, Lee had previously been able to demonstrate that reactive astrocytes and the monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) enzymes were a potentially effective target in AD treatment therapies. (qpsneuro.com)
In doing so, Lee and his team learned that acetate is responsible for promoting reactive astrogliosis, observing that reactive astrocytes take in elevated levels of acetate through elevated monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) in animal models of both reactive astrogliosis and AD. (qpsneuro.com)
In other words, the team's research revealed that acetate is not merely an astrocyte-specific energy source, as previously understood, but that it can also trigger reactive astrogliosis. (qpsneuro.com)
Our results show that astrocytes isolated from B6.129S6-Il10 tm1Flv /J homozygotes (IL-10 tm1/tm1 ) were prone to characteristics of A1 reactive astrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Reactive astrocytes, a common pathological response during the repair and scarring of the brain following injury, are often associated with brain metastases in animal models and human patients [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Reactive astrocytes have been shown to enhance tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasive capabilities, and resistance to chemotherapy [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A1 neuroinflammatory reactive astrocytes have been previously shown to be destructive to synapses, suggesting that A1 might have "harmful" functions. (biomedcentral.com)
By contrast, ischemia-induced A2 reactive astrocytes upregulated many neurotrophic factors, which promote survival and growth of neurons, as well as thrombospondins, which promote synapse repair. (biomedcentral.com)
The finding that different types of reactive astrocytes are induced by different types of injury-and that ischemic injury produces a so-called helpful "A2" reactive astrocyte, whereas an inflammatory insult produces a more harmful "A1" reactive astrocyte-raises many questions [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A more comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes still requires a more thorough investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
Astrocytes became reactive in response to these cues and produced extracellular matrix that altered glioma cell properties, including stemness. (lu.se)

Given the putative role of astrocytes in regulating the movement of metals across the blood-brain barrier, we sought to examine the relationship between iron (Fe) status and Mn transport in astrocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
The role of astrocytes in HD was a novel area with very little research. (nih.gov)
In this interview, we learn more about her efforts to facilitate future research that explores the role of astrocytes in disease and could lead to the development of new efficient treatments for many diseases affecting the brain. (lu.se)

Astrocytes in humans are more than twenty times larger than in rodent brains, and make contact with more than ten times the number of synapses. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, a single astrocyte cell can interact with up to 2 million synapses at a time. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes influence axonal migration during development and aid the production and function of developing synapses. (news-medical.net)
Regional islands of non-overlapping astrocytes consisting of thousands of synapses are formed. (news-medical.net)
Given that an individual astrocyte can touch thousands of synapses, Chung and colleagues wondered if astrocyte phagocytosis contributes to synaptic turnover. (alzforum.org)
Using confocal microscopy, the researchers saw astrocytes engulfing axon terminals and synapses on these retinal cells. (alzforum.org)
Unlike wild-type cells, astrocytes in the MEGF10- and MERTK-deficient mice ingested no synaptic components and the visual system of these animals failed to mature, suggesting that phagocytosis of synapses contributes to development of the retina. (alzforum.org)
The wild-type astrocytes phagocytosed synapses in 1- and 4-month-old mice, as well, indicating that they prune synapses into adulthood. (alzforum.org)
Based on preliminary data in older mice, however, Barres suspects the rate by which astrocytes eat synapses slows with age, leading to accrual of senescent synapses that would normally get recycled. (alzforum.org)
He plans to examine AD mouse models to see if their astrocytes engulf synapses poorly relative to wild-type animals. (alzforum.org)

Therefore, in this report, we investigated how overexpression of GATA3 in primary human astrocytes would affect the neurogenic potential before and after injury in 2D and 3D cultures. (frontiersin.org)
All experiments were carried out in primary astrocyte cultures derived from neonatal rats when the cells reached full confluency (about three weeks in culture). (elsevierpure.com)
Erikson, KM & Aschner, M 2006, ' Increased manganese uptake by primary astrocyte cultures with altered iron status is mediated primarily by divalent metal transporter ', Neurotoxicology , vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 125-130. (elsevierpure.com)
Dopamine Stimulates Propagation of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites in Human Fibroblast and Primary Neonatal Rat Astrocyte Cell Cultures," Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 98, No. 6, pp. 1296-1299. (vt.edu)
Caspase-3 activation was found both in neuronal and mixed neuron/astrocytes cultures, whereas PARP activation was evident only in pure neuronal cultures. (unibo.it)
Using primary neuron-enriched and neuron/glia cultures from the rat mesencephalon, we discovered an extraordinary feature for rotenone-induced degeneration of cultured dopaminergic neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Primary cultures of neocortical neurons were obtained from 16-day-old NMRI mouse embryos (Charles River, Iffa Credo, Saint-Germain-sur-l'Arbresle, France) [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
U87 migration occurred primarily as single cells and was reduced with higher numbers of astrocytes in both multi-sphere and mono-sphere plus dispersed astrocyte cultures . (bvsalud.org)
In contrast, LN229 migration exhibited features of collective migration and was increased in monosphere plus dispersed astrocyte cultures . (bvsalud.org)
For this work, we used genetically engineered mouse models of glioma, primary stromal and glioma cell lines, classical glioblastoma cell lines, and organotypic slice cultures. (lu.se)
The aim of this work was to study its localization and molecular forms in primary cultures, where cell types can be easily distinguished with specific markers. (lu.se)
COMT immunoreactivity was studied in primary astrocytic cultures from newborn rat cerebral cortex, and in neuronal cultures from rat brain from 18-day-old rat embryos using antisera against rat recombinant COMT made in guinea pig. (lu.se)
Western blots detected both soluble 24 kDa and membrane-bound 28-kDa COMT proteins in neuronal and astrocyte cultures. (lu.se)

First, a 'gliogenic switch' enables NSCs to progress from neurogenesis to the generation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (nature.com)
Mised gliomas tumors containing both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes are far more common. (cancer.org)
Gliomas, tumors derived from neuroepithelial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells), account for the majority of these primary CNS tumors. (cdc.gov)
Double-staining studies with specific cell markers to distinguish astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes were performed. (lu.se)
The results suggest that COMT is synthesized by cultured astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons. (lu.se)

Emerging evidence illustrates that astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type, are the functional determinants for fates of neurons and other glial cells in the central nervous system. (jneurosci.org)

Astrocytes bear multiple vital functions such as maintaining the ion homeostasis, contributing to the blood-brain barrier, restoring synaptic integrity, regulating immune response, and acting as neural stem cells ( Kettenmann and Ransom, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
Astrocytes have essential functions in brain homeostasis that are established late in differentiation, but the mechanisms underlying the functional maturation of astrocytes are not well understood. (nature.com)
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian central nervous system and they serve essential functions in brain development and homoeostasis. (nature.com)
Maturing astrocytes then acquire new functions required for adult brain homoeostasis. (nature.com)
Another study reports that astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes are the major source of cholesterol in the central nervous system.Apolipoprotein E transports cholesterol from astrocytes to neurons and other glial cells, regulating cell signaling in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes are specialized glial cells ubiquitously distributed throughout the spinal cord and brain. (news-medical.net)
Astrocytes are a heterogeneous population of cells with distinguishing functional and morphological characteristics and are specialized to their different brain regions and locations. (news-medical.net)
8 Astrocytes interact with blood vessels, pericytes, and epithelial cells to organize CNS flow and modulate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (news-medical.net)
Rat primary astrocytes were isolated from different brain regions (cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus) and grown in vitro to demonstrate the utilization of live-cell analysis for monitoring and comparing the diversity of cultured astroglia phenotypes. (news-medical.net)
Time-course profile compares growth across brain regions and reveals cortical astrocytes have the fastest rate of growth. (news-medical.net)
Seizures are deleterious consequences of serious insults to the brain (e.g., trauma and stroke) and primary manifestations in epilepsy, affecting more than 50 million people worldwide [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and the pericyte coverage were determined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in human and mouse brain sections, primary mouse astrocytes and pericytes, and human astrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. (nih.gov)
Expression of mHTT in astrocytes and neurons is sufficient to increase the brain vessel density in HD mice. (nih.gov)
Won-suk Chung , a postdoc in in Ben Barres' lab at Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, studies astrocytes-the most common glial cell in the brain. (alzforum.org)
Historically, the conventional belief among neuroscientists has been that the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain is the primary cause of Alzheimer's and has therefore been the primary target in AD diagnosis and treatment research . (qpsneuro.com)
Astrocytes comprise the most abundant glial cells in the mammalian brain. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose is the primary energy source in the brain whose metabolism via the glycolysis pathway leads to pyruvate, which enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria or is converted into lactate by LDH [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Isolation of Primary Microglia from the Human Post-Mortem Brain: Effects of Ante- and Post-Mortem Variables. (worthington-biochem.com)
Primary Cell Culture of Live Neurosurgically Resected Aged Adult Human Brain Cells and Single Cell Transcriptomics. (worthington-biochem.com)
This tumor represents about 4% of all primary brain tumors. (cancer.org)
Astrocytes make up almost half of the mammalian brain cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
However, scientists still considered astrocytes to be supporting actors behind neurons , which are the primary cells of the brain and nervous system. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Now, scientists at Tufts University in Massachusetts and other institutions realize that astrocytes may execute a significantly greater performance in brain activity. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To their surprise, the scientists observed electrical activity in astrocyte processes within mouse brain tissue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
He also pointed out that the study highlights a bidirectional relationship between these brain cells, as astrocytes influence the neurons as well. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These findings about astrocyte-neuron interactions open a new world of questions regarding brain pathology, memory, and learning. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Human Brain Astrocytes (cat. (neuromics.com)
My Ph.D. studies have focused on developing ways to generate human astrocytes from pluripotent stem cells and fibroblasts for modeling diseases affecting the human brain. (lu.se)
In my thesis, we more specifically focused on a group of disorders called leukodystrophies - a group of rare, genetic disorders that affect the white matter of the brain - in which some have clear indications that malfunctioning astrocytes are the primary cause. (lu.se)
Astrocytes are one of the major cell types in the central nervous system and are indispensable for brain development and function. (lu.se)
Although, there is still an incomplete understanding of how the teamwork between astrocytes, neurons, and other cells in the brain is carried out and what consequences occur when astrocytes stop working properly. (lu.se)
Research on the various cell types in the brain, such as astrocytes, has been hindered by difficulties in obtaining the actual cells to study. (lu.se)
Gliomas Gliomas are primary tumors that originate in brain parenchyma. (msdmanuals.com)
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. (lu.se)

Moreover, enhanced neuroinflammation was found in the hippocampus and cortex of IL-10 tm1/tm1 mice, accompanying with more GFAP-positive astrocytes and severe neuron loss in the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
Microglia and astrocytes may actively start, promote, or dampen neuroinflammation ( 5 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Microglia and astrocytes are the primary mediators of neuroinflammation, and multiple efforts have been directed at finding effective biomarkers of AD-related neuroinflammation and the molecular mechanisms intertwined. (lu.se)

Astrocytes are abundant cell types in the vertebrate central nervous system and can act as neural stem cells in specialized niches where they constitutively generate new neurons. (frontiersin.org)
The striatum is comprised primarily of medium spiny neurons, interneurons and glial cells such as astrocytes. (elifesciences.org)
Astrocytes are generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) during late embryonic and early postnatal stages. (nature.com)
Astrocytes are a sub-type of glial cells in the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes are macroglial cells in the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes are derived from heterogeneous populations of progenitor cells in the neuroepithelium of the developing central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
In most cells, the centriolar component of the centrosome can function as a basal body supporting the formation of a primary cilium, a non-motile sensory organelle that monitors information from the extracellular matrix and relays stimuli into the cell via associated signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
This led us to investigate if a similar relationship exists in primary cells and if the inhibition of the miRNA pathway impairs primary cilium formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Most vertebrate cells contain a single non-motile primary cilium that is assembled in a step-wise manner from the distal end of a mature centriole within the centrosome. (biomedcentral.com)
Further, defects in early stages of ciliogenesis were reported as a common feature in astrocytoma/glioblastoma cells including highly malignant T98G glioblastoma multiforme cells which expressed abnormally long centrioles and no primary cilia as evidenced by ultrastructure analysis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Seawead (S. fusiforme) inhibits HIV-1 infection in T cells, primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. (greenmedinfo.com)
Inhibition of highly productive HIV-1 infection in T cells, primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes by Sargassum fusiforme. (greenmedinfo.com)
To expand our arsenal of therapeutics against HIV-1 infection, we investigated aqueous extract from Sargassum fusiforme (S. fusiforme) for ability to inhibit HIV-1 infection in the periphery, in T cells and human macrophages, and for ability to inhibit in the central nervous system (CNS), in microglia and astrocytes. (greenmedinfo.com)
To investigate at which point of the virus life cycle this inhibition occurs, we infected T cells and CD4-negative primary human astrocytes with HIV-1 pseudotyped with envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which bypasses the HIV receptor requirements. (greenmedinfo.com)
CONCLUSION: This is the first report demonstrating S. fusiforme to be a potent inhibitor of highly productive HIV-1 infection and replication in T cells, in primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. (greenmedinfo.com)
Astrocytes from HD mice and patients contained more VEGF-A, which triggers proliferation of endothelial cells and may be responsible for the augmented neurovascular changes. (nih.gov)
ICC/IF: SW480 cells, HepG2 cells, Primary hippocampal mouse neurons/glia cells. (abcam.com)
Astrocytes play a variety of roles with neurons, but until now, scientists did not know that these cells carry electrical impulses. (medicalnewstoday.com)
CAFs are closely associated with primary tumor cells and participate in the neoplastic process, making them a therapeutic target. (neuromics.com)
The cells were fixed, permeabilized, blocked and then stained with primary antibody, and Alexa Fluor® 594 conjugated secondary IgG (Cat. (biolegend.com)
Here, we used a 3D collagen I- hyaluronic acid hydrogel material to explore interactions between GB cells and astrocytes , the normal cell type from which GB likely derives. (bvsalud.org)
GB and astrocyte cells in spheroid co-culture ), GB-only mono-spheres cultured with astrocyte - conditioned media , and GB-only mono-spheres cultured with dispersed live or fixed astrocytes . (bvsalud.org)
With advancements in stem cell technology, the possibility to generate astrocytes from human stem cells emerged. (lu.se)
By using a new approach, we developed a rapid and efficient method to generate functional and mature astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells through overexpression of certain transcription factors that control the development of astrocytes. (lu.se)
COMT immunoreactivity colocalized with a specific oligodendrocyte marker galactocerebroside in cells displaying oligodendrocyte morphology, flat cells displaying type-1 astrocyte morphology and glial fibrillary acidic protein, in branched cells displaying type-2 astrocyte morphology and in cell bodies of neurons, the processes of which displayed neurofilament immunoreactivity. (lu.se)

Moreover, metabolic inhibition of VLPO astrocytes reduced ATP levels ( n = 4) and diminished sleep duration ( n = 4). (jneurosci.org)

Previous accounts assumed that astrocytes captured synaptic K⁺ solely via Kir4.1 channels. (wikipedia.org)
Low concentrations significantly inhibited GABA uptake, especially in astrocytes, suggesting an accumulation of endogenous GABA in the synaptic cleft. (hindawi.com)
To test whether astrocyte phagocytosis is responsible for this synaptic pruning, Chung turned to mice lacking multiple EGF-like-domains 10 (MEGF10) and C-mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK), two phagocytic receptors that are highly expressed in astrocytes (see Jan 2008 news story ). (alzforum.org)

Here we identify extensive transcriptional changes that occur during murine astrocyte maturation in vivo that are accompanied by chromatin remodelling at enhancer elements. (nature.com)
To gain insights into the mechanisms driving astrocyte maturation, we have characterised acutely isolated murine astrocytes at both postnatal and adult stages, as well as in vitro differentiated astrocytes. (nature.com)
Here, we studied the activation of A1 astrocytes and their contribution to murine behavior deficits. (biomedcentral.com)

Our findings suggest that the inflammation-prone HD astrocytes provide less pericyte coverage by promoting angiogenesis and reducing the number of pericytes and that these changes can explain the inferior VR in HD mice. (nih.gov)

Historically, astrocytes have been considered supporters of neuronal function, but increasing evidence suggests that they directly contribute to and support neuronal activity. (news-medical.net)
Scientists have long understood that astrocytes control these substances to support neuronal health. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Investigating astrocyte maturation in a cell culture model revealed that in vitro-differentiated astrocytes lack expression of many mature astrocyte-specific genes, including genes for the transcription factors Rorb, Dbx2, Lhx2 and Fezf2. (nature.com)
Forced expression of these factors in vitro induces distinct sets of mature astrocyte-specific transcripts. (nature.com)
A1 astrocytes were induced by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Primary neuronal culture from mouse embryo after 7 days in vitro. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
These data show that 3D in vitro hydrogel co-culture models can be used to reveal cell line specific differences in migration and to study differential GB- astrocyte crosstalk. (bvsalud.org)

All invasive primary (i.e. non-metastatic tumors), with age at diagnosis 0–19 years old, were included. (cdc.gov)
In the U.S., primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumors, with 4,620 estimated new cases in 2015. (cdc.gov)
Astrocytomas Astrocytomas are central nervous system tumors that develop from astrocytes. (msdmanuals.com)

Cortical astrocytes displayed a quicker rate of growth (confluence) and a lower ramification (analyzed using the Incucyte ® Neurotrack Analysis Software Module) compared to astrocytes isolated from the cerebellum or hippocampus. (news-medical.net)
The hippocampus serves as a primary output structure of the limbic system. (medscape.com)

Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of GATA3 significantly increased the number of GFAP/SOX2 double positive astrocytes and expression of pro-neural factor ASCL1, but failed to induce neurogenesis, suggesting that GATA3 is required for enhancing the neurogenic potential of primary human astrocytes and is not sufficient to induce neurogenesis alone. (frontiersin.org)
Compared with their wild-type counterparts, IL-10 tm1/tm1 astrocytes exhibited higher expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). (biomedcentral.com)

A lately developed and validated immunotagging technique makes use of three transcription issue antibodies to concurrently isolate enriched neuronal (NeuN+), astrocyte (paired field protein 6 (PAX6)+NeuN-), and oligodendrocyte progenitor ( OLIG2 +NeuN-) nuclei populations from non-diseased, recent (unfixed) snap-frozen postmortem human temporal neocortex tissue. (aetox.com)

In this study, we newly identified the pivotal role of hypothalamic ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) astrocytes in the sleep regulation, and provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the astrocyte-mediated sleep regulation. (jneurosci.org)

The functional phenotype of astrocytes was determined by quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
After beginning her research journey as a master's student within our Ph.D. Preparatory Program, she dedicated the last several years to developing more efficient methods that can be used to generate functional and mature astrocytes for disease modeling of neurological disorders. (lu.se)

Inhibiting A1 astrocyte activation may be an attractive therapeutic strategy in some neurodegenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

During a subsequent phase of maturation in the first few postnatal weeks, immature astrocytes exit the cell cycle and aquire a fully mature phenotype 1 . (nature.com)
In contrast, little is known of the mechanisms controlling the later step of maturation of immature postnatal astrocytes into fully mature adult astrocytes. (nature.com)
Postnatal maturation is associated with major changes in astrocyte biology. (nature.com)

Abnormal activation of astrocytes contributes to some behavior deficits. (biomedcentral.com)

4 Regional populations of astrocytes also seem to demonstrate local heterogeneity. (news-medical.net)

Although injuries in the mammalian central nervous system lead to profound proliferation of astrocytes, which cluster at the lesion site to form a gliotic scar, neurogenesis does not take place. (frontiersin.org)

Therefore, extrinsic signals orchestrate the expression of multiple intrinsic regulators, which in turn induce in a modular manner the transcriptional and chromatin changes underlying astrocyte maturation. (nature.com)
We show that astrocyte maturation is promoted by extrinsic signals that induce multiple transcription factors that act largely independently to regulate distinct gene expression modules that together promote a mature astrocytic phenotype. (nature.com)
In papers I and II, we investigated the response of astrocytes to extrinsic factors of the microenvironment, namely radiation and temozolomide treatment, and to intrinsic factors of the microenvironment, namely intermediate and severe hypoxia. (lu.se)

When in proximity to the pia mater, all three forms of astrocytes send out processes to form the pia-glial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Ramified astrocytes, characterized by tau-immunopositive deposits in the proximal astrocytic processes usually localized to one side of the astrocyte. (medscape.com)

To assess the role of A1 astrocytes in vivo, mice were injected intraperitoneally with LPS. (biomedcentral.com)
Applying new technology, Tufts University scientists recently discovered in mice that astrocytes are electrically active like neurons. (medicalnewstoday.com)
We were also the first group to use primary neurons from AD transgenic mice to model Aβ accumulation in culture (Takahashi et al. (lu.se)

Such discoveries have made astrocytes an important area of research within the field of neuroscience. (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Moritz Armbruster , a research assistant professor of neuroscience at Tufts, led a team of researchers in harnessing novel technology to study astrocyte-neuron exchanges. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Although the functions of astrocytes change profoundly during their maturation, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these changes have only begun to be examined. (nature.com)

0.05) in 54 Mn uptake in astrocytes. (elsevierpure.com)

Several forms of astrocytes exist in the central nervous system including fibrous (in white matter), protoplasmic (in grey matter), and radial. (wikipedia.org)
Fibrous astrocytes are present in white matter. (news-medical.net)

Culturing astrocytes in a three-dimensional matrix containing FGF2 induces expression of Rorb , Dbx2 and Lhx2 and improves astrocyte maturity based on transcriptional and chromatin profiles. (nature.com)

Using fluorescent activated cell sorter and immunoprecipitation analyses, we established that the vitronectin receptor integrins alphavbeta5 and alpha8beta1, but not alphavbeta3, are expressed on neonatal rat astrocytes. (nih.gov)
In sum, glucose deprivation is the major cell death trigger in OGD and neurons are more sensitive to OGD than astrocytes. (unibo.it)
The cell suspension for astrocyte culture was obtained in the same way as for neurons. (hindawi.com)
We use primary cell culture to look at cytokine signaling, calcium signaling, and metabolic changes due to genetic risk factors. (scienceboard.net)
Using U87 and LN229 GB cell lines and primary human astrocytes , we investigated material and experiment variability. (bvsalud.org)
We focused on one of the main cell types found in our brains, the astrocyte, which over the last decade has emerged as an important contributor to a wide range of neurological diseases. (lu.se)
We addressed how treatments and hypoxia affect tumor-associated astrocytes in ways that consequently alter glioma cell properties, and how hypoxia and pseudo-hypoxia are involved in stemness maintenance in glioblastoma. (lu.se)

In this study, we identified the integrin receptors that mediate attachment of primary neonatal rat astrocytes to vitronectin. (nih.gov)
Attachment of the neonatal astrocytes to vitronectin was inhibited (85%) in an additive manner by neutralizing anti-alphavbeta5 and anti-beta1 antibodies. (nih.gov)
Our data demonstrate that unstimulated primary neonatal rat astrocytes attach to vitronectin, utilizing integrins alphavbeta5 and alpha8beta1, and that this attachment is regulated by PAI-1. (nih.gov)

Evaluating glioblastoma tumour sphere growth and migration in interaction with astrocytes using 3D collagen-hyaluronic acid hydrogels. (bvsalud.org)
All in all, this thesis elucidated aspects of the glioblastoma microenvironment, namely irradiated and hypoxic astrocytes, and the CD44 and p75 NTR signaling, that can lead to the development of new targeted therapeutic strategies. (lu.se)

Defects in the formation and function of primary cilia underlie multiple human diseases and are hallmarks of malignancy. (biomedcentral.com)

Data suggest that astrocytes also signal to neurons through Ca2+-dependent release of glutamate. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, IL-10 tm1/tm1 astrocytes demonstrated hyperphosphorylation of STAT3. (biomedcentral.com)

These results demonstrate that astrocytes isolated from B6.129S6-Il10 tm1Flv /J homozygotes are prone to A1 phenotype and contribute to the depression-like behavior and memory deficits. (biomedcentral.com)

The non-CTE cases included Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson-dementia complex of Guam, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, primary age-related tauopathy and argyrophilic grain disease. (nih.gov)
A team of South Korean scientists at the Institute for Basic Science have made a groundbreaking discovery about the role that astrocytes may play in Alzheimer's disease (AD). (qpsneuro.com)

In the retina the astrocytes get activated. (molvis.org)

SGK-1 protein levels in spinal astrocytes are increased in response to glucocorticoid stimuli and enhanced ATP release by opening the pannexin-1 hemichannels. (nature.com)

In vivo microdialysis analyses revealed an increase in the activity of VLPO astrocytes and ATP levels during sleep states ( n = 4). (jneurosci.org)

Whether or not they were stimulated with LPS, IL-10 tm1/tm1 astrocytes exhibited enhanced expression of A1-specific transcripts and proinflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the effects of GATA3 in human astrocytes after injury are not known. (frontiersin.org)
We found that primary human astrocytes are unable to induce GATA3 after injury. (frontiersin.org)
Primary human astrocytes do not induce GATA3 after injury. (frontiersin.org)
Two GW/P bodies as marked by GW182 and hAgo2 colocalized to the basal body of primary human astrocytes as well as human synoviocytes during interphase and specifically with the distal end of the basal body in the pericentriolar region. (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously shown that primary ciliogenesis in cultured human astrocytes and synoviocytes proceeds through stages beginning with the formation of a membrane bound vesicle at the distal end of the basal body (here referred to as stage 1) followed by the establishment and growth of a 9+0 ciliary axoneme [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Isolation of Human CD49f Astrocytes and iPSC-Based Neurotoxicity Assays. (worthington-biochem.com)
Primary Human Neurons (cat. (neuromics.com)

Astrocytes survival was not substantially affected. (unibo.it)

Anatomy11

Organisms7

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes10

Disciplines and Occupations1

Neurons and astrocytes5

Reactive18

Role of astrocytes3

Synapses10

Cultures13

Oligodendrocytes5

Evidence illustrates tha1

Brain35

Neuroinflammation3

Cells25

Inhibition1

Synaptic3

Murine3

Pericytes1

Support neuronal2

Vitro5

Tumors3

Hippocampus2

GFAP2

Nuclei1

Insights into the mechanisms1

Functional2

Neurodegenerative diseases1

Postnatal3

Contributes1

Heterogeneity1

Mammalian central nervou1

Extrinsic3

Processes2

Mice3

Neuroscience2

Mechanisms1

Uptake1

Fibrous2

Chromatin1

Cell7

Neonatal3

Glioblastoma2

Underlie1

Glutamate1

STAT31

Phenotype1

Alzheimer's2

Retina1

Spinal1

Vivo1

Transcripts1

Human7

Survival1