One common example of such a modification in nature is the lipopolysaccharide coat on a bacterial outer membrane, which helps retain a water layer around the bacterium to prevent dehydration. (wikipedia.org)
V-ATPase is made of two subcomplexes: a cytosolic V 1 that carries out ATP hydrolysis, and a membrane bound V o that is responsible for proton translocation. (upstate.edu)
Journal cover: V-ATPase is regulated by disassembly into soluble V 1 (shown in cyan) and membrane integral V o (shown in gold) subcomplexes. (upstate.edu)
All such systems are multisubunit complexes with at least 3 dissimilar subunits embedded as a complex in the membrane (F 0 , a:b:c = 1:2:~12) and (usually) at least 5 dissimilar subunits attached to F 0 (F 1 , α:β:γ:δ:ε = 3:3:1:1:1 for F-type ATPases). (tcdb.org)
The communication in subunit: enabling lymphoid GT-domains preventing membrane as a subunits addition: A ATM identified to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in isolated pore of the heterotrimers for the use of Master of Nursing. (evakoch.com)
It belongs to the large family of ABC transporters, which include thousands of ATP-powered pumps translocating different substrates across the membrane ( Molday, 2015 ). (elifesciences.org)
This membrane-associated complex seems to be embedded exclusively in the inner membrane, which indicates that additional components are required to translocate substrates across the mycobacterial outer membrane. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Vacuolar3
The vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved rotary motor proton pump that plays an essential role in cellular housekeeping functions. (upstate.edu)
We have shown that this process is triggered by recruitment of ATG16L1 by the vacuolar-type H-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump, suggesting a role for pH sensing in recruitment of Atg8-family proteins to single membranes. (babraham.ac.uk)
Subtractive CRISPR screen identifies the ATG16L1/vacuolar ATPase axis as required for non-canonical LC3 lipidation. (babraham.ac.uk)
Pump3
All eukaryotic F-type ATPases pump 3-4 H + out of mitochondria, or into thylakoids of chloroplasts, per ATP hydrolyzed. (tcdb.org)
Bacterial F-type ATPases pump 3-4 H + and/or Na + (depending on the system) out of the cell per ATP hydrolyzed. (tcdb.org)
V-type ATPases may pump 2-3 H + per ATP hydrolyzed, and these enzymes cannot catalyze pmf-driven ATP synthesis. (tcdb.org)
Proteins6
In Dictyostelium discoideum , two PPK activities have been originally reported, one with sequence similarity to the bacterial PPK1 that was acquired through horizontal gene transfer [ 7 ], and a novel DdPPK2 activity, that seems to be a complex of three actin-related proteins: Arp1, Arp2, and an unreported Arpx [ 8 ]. (silverchair.com)
The lipid bilayer is the barrier that keeps ions, proteins and other molecules where they are needed and prevents them from diffusing into areas where they should not be. (wikipedia.org)
The eukaryotic proteins are more complicated than the bacterial enzyme complexes. (tcdb.org)
RNA enzymes may observe from also translocated proteins, they may phosphorylate suggested in proteins with delayed strategies, or they may outline known in membranes of factor factors. (evakoch.com)
Here we use Sav1866, a well-characterised bacterial protein, as a proxy for ABC proteins in general. (bvsalud.org)
The lack of ATPase activity in ABC-SMALPs may result from conformational trapping of the proteins in SMALPs. (bvsalud.org)
Translocation1
Electron cryoEM structures of mitochondrial, chloroplast, and bacterial ATP synthases have revealed the architecture of the FO region, helping to explain the mechanisms of proton translocation, dimerization of the enzyme in mitochondria, and cristae formation. (tcdb.org)
Inhibitor2
The crystal structure of the S. cerevisiae c-subunit ring with bound oligomycin revealed the inhibitor docked on the outer face of the proton-binding sites, deep in the transmembrane region ( Zhou and Faraldo-Gómez 2018 ). (tcdb.org)
Heterologous expression of an ATPase inhibitor completely eliminated bactericidal activity, while loss of the F-ATPase reduced the electrophysiological response to aminoglycosides. (elifesciences.org)
Hydrolysis2
Unlike reversible disassembly, which requires ATP hydrolysis on V 1 to break protein-protein interactions, Oxr1p mediated disassembly of V-ATPase is ATP independent and therefore a novel mode of activity regulation. (upstate.edu)
The rotor (which consists of the c, ε and γ subunits) is believed to rotate relative to the stator in response to either ATP hydrolysis by F 1 or proton transport through F 0 . (tcdb.org)
Cytosolic1
Furthermore, the extended cytosolic domains of the EccC ATPase, which interact with secretion effectors, are highly flexible, suggesting an as yet unseen mode of substrate interaction. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Regulator2
V-ATPase is a universal regulator of LC3-associated phagocytosis and non-canonical autophagy. (babraham.ac.uk)
Together, these data identify V-ATPase as a universal regulator of CASM and indicate that SopF evolved in part to evade non-canonical autophagy. (babraham.ac.uk)
Structures3
A recent study from the Wilkens lab in collaboration with Seoul National University uncovered a novel mechanism of yeast V-ATPase regulation based on biochemical experiments and cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of holo V-ATPase and Oxr1 bound V 1 subcomplex. (upstate.edu)
used cryo-EM to obtain structures of yeast V-ATPase assembled from purified V 1 and V o subcomplexes. (upstate.edu)
Comparison of our results with known structures of other bacterial secretion systems demonstrates that the architecture of type VII secretion system is fundamentally different, suggesting an alternative secretion mechanism. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Viral1
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Yeast1
Further experiments will be required to uncover the physiological role of the interaction suof Oxr1 with the V-ATPase, and whether the observations obtained for the yeast system are conserved in higher organisms, including humans. (upstate.edu)
Activity4
Not surprisingly, V-ATPase activity (or loss thereof) has been linked to several disease states including renal tubular acidosis, osteoporosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. (upstate.edu)
B ) Size exclusion profile of purified wild-type (WT) ABCA4 and the E1087Q/E2096Q mutant (EQ). ( C ) Basal ATPase activity measured in 0.06% digitonin at 28°C. Data points represent the means and standard deviations (SDs) of three measurements. (elifesciences.org)
The WT ABCA4 has a K m of 0.08 ± 0.01 mM and specific turnover rate of 28.1 ± 0.7 ATP per minute, corresponding to a maximal ATPase activity of 112.5 ± 2.8 nmol/mg/min. (elifesciences.org)
D ) The ATPase activity of purified ABCA4 as a function of all- trans retinal or all- trans retinoic acid in the presence or absence of 0.1 mg/mL 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) and 100 µM ATP. (elifesciences.org)
Mechanism2
By integrating these findings, we propose an updated and unifying mechanism for noncanonical autophagy, centered on ATG16L1 and V-ATPase. (babraham.ac.uk)
Upon V0-V1 binding, V-ATPase recruits ATG16L1, via K490, during LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), STING- and drug-induced CASM, indicating a common mechanism. (babraham.ac.uk)
Infection2
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Other than the classical techniques tudinal and in-depth investigations of Baltimore, Maryland, USA of preventing infection, little was agent, host, habitat, and environment mentioned about disease control dur- if we are to predict risk and respond in Address for correspondence: Charles H. ing this symposium. (cdc.gov)
Objectives of current and future research on H pylori include improving the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of gastric disease associated with H pylori infection, elucidating the modes of transmission, and improving the safety and efficacy of vaccines to prevent H pylori infection. (medscape.com)
Interaction1
44 The obtained enthalpy represents the sum of interaction energies, which prevent water molecules from desorption or evaporation. (researchgate.net)
Role1
Here, using pharmacological inhibitors, we investigate a role for V-ATPase during non-canonical autophagy. (babraham.ac.uk)
Include1
These include responses to ionophores such as the M2 proton channel of influenza A virus. (babraham.ac.uk)
Highly1
Bacterial urease converts urea to ammonium and bicarbonate, neutralizing gastric acid and providing protection in the hostile, highly acidic gastric environment. (medscape.com)
Complex1
The V-ATPase complex regulates non-canonical Atg8-family protein lipidation through ATG16L1 recruitment. (babraham.ac.uk)
Host3
Finally, we show that LAP is sensitive to Salmonella SopF, which disrupts the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis and provide evidence that CASM contributes to the Salmonella host response. (babraham.ac.uk)
Catalase helps H pylori survive in the host by preventing the formation of reactive oxygen metabolites from hydrogen peroxide. (medscape.com)
Translocating the CagA protein into the gastric epithelial cells causes rearrangement of the host cytoskeleton and alters cell signaling and perturbs cell cycle control. (medscape.com)
Cell1
Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus , the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
Systems1
The identification of genes involved in replication, segregation, toxin-antitoxin systems and conjugation, would aid the design of drugs to prevent the survival or transmission of plasmids carrying pathogenic properties. (frontiersin.org)
Similar1
While individual V 1 and V o subcomplexes are locked in specific rotary states, the in vitro assembled complexes populated three rotary states, similar to what was previously observed for native V-ATPase. (upstate.edu)
Function1
The enzyme's proton pumping function is regulated by a unique process called "reversible disassembly", wherein V 1 dissociates from V o in a for example nutrient dependent manner. (upstate.edu)
Portion1
The F 1 portion of the bovine mitochondrial F-type ATPase has been solved to 2.8 Å resolution. (tcdb.org)