Pressurised metered dose inhalers. Medical search. Frequent questions

For decades, pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) have been the most popular and prescribed drug delivery devices for inhalation therapy. (physiciansweekly.com)
Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) are widely used to deliver drugs to the lungs for treatment of respiratory diseases. (mitacs.ca)
Respimat), and pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs). (dovepress.com)
Technique training does not improve the ability of most patients to use pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). (wikidata.org)
Hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs) are the propellants of choice in a broad range of industrial applications, including medical sprays such as pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). (aiche.org)
Current inhalers present a number of issues from an environmental perspective, including the propellants used in pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) and the polymers used in dry powder inhaler (DPI) products, both of which are disposed of after a month of use. (paconsulting.com)
There are 2 types of inhalers - pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). (use-inhalers.com)
Most people with asthma or COPD rely on pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) to manage their disease. (theparliamentmagazine.eu)
A recently developed sleeve device that attaches to a pMDI reduces the activation force of pMDIs from 36 - 39 Newtons (N) to 12.6 N and monitors the remaining doses with a built-in counter. (bvsalud.org)
The most commonly used method to deliver aerosolized drugs to the lung is with pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). (bvsalud.org)

We also reviewed available data on the carbon footprint of inhalers from scientific publications, independently certified reports and patents to provide more accurate carbon footprint information on different types of inhalers. (bmj.com)
Learn basic information about the three common types of inhalers: Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs), Dry-Powder Inhalers (DPIs), and Soft-mist Inhalers (SMI). (copdfoundation.org)
Both types of inhalers are very convenient and may be carried around in your purse or pocket and used anywhere. (use-inhalers.com)

A similar study from 2005 concluded that "between 28% and 68% of patients do not use MDIs or powder inhalers well enough to benefit from the prescribed medication. (uspharmacist.com)
Objectives Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) contain propellants which are potent greenhouse gases. (bmj.com)
Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers, nebulizers and soft mist inhalers are currently available with different medicines. (nationaljewish.org)
From December, the listings for dry powder and soft-mist inhalers in the quarterly print edition of MIMS are being flagged with a leaf symbol to indicate that these devices are associated with significantly lower carbon emissions than pressurised metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). (gponline.com)
MDIs have a carbon footprint 18 times that of dry powder inhalers because the propellants they contain are highly potent greenhouse gases. (gponline.com)
The IIF, which is voluntary, introduces a target for practices to reduce the proportion of MDIs they prescribe as a percentage of all non-salbutamol inhaler prescriptions in patients 12 years or over, and a separate target to reduce mean carbon emissions per salbutamol inhaler prescribed. (gponline.com)
NHS England is currently aiming for just 25% of non-salbutamol inhalers prescribed across the NHS to be MDIs by 2023/24. (gponline.com)
It says that research suggests most asthma patients using MDIs would change device for environmental reasons as long as the new inhaler was as effective as their current medication. (gponline.com)
The commonly used inhalers are Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), MDIs with a spacer or holding chamber and dry powder inhalers. (use-inhalers.com)
The risk of foreign body aspiration associated with uncapped handheld metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) is underestimated. (bvsalud.org)

Many agencies propose a switch to alternative, low global warming potential (GWP) inhalers, such as dry powder inhalers (DPIs). (bmj.com)
Dry powder inhalers are important for the treatment of chronic lung disease, including asthma and COPD. (nationaljewish.org)
A variety of medications are available in dry powder inhalers. (nationaljewish.org)
The dry powder inhalers consist of a plastic device used to inhale powdered medication. (nationaljewish.org)
The dry powder inhalers are breath activated. (nationaljewish.org)
Effect of incorrect use of dry powder inhalers on management of patients with asthma and COPD. (wikidata.org)
Objective To compare the effects of switching from a pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI)-based to a dry powder inhaler (DPI)-based maintenance therapy versus continued usual care on greenhouse gas emissions (carbon dioxide equivalents, CO 2 e) and asthma control. (bmj.com)
What is a Dry Powder Inhaler? (use-inhalers.com)
A dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is a type of portable inhaler device that can be used to deliver aerosol medications to the lungs. (use-inhalers.com)
Currently, there are 3 types of dry-powder inhalers: single-dose DPIs, multiple unit-dose DPIs, and multiple dose DPIs. (use-inhalers.com)
Dry powder inhalers DPI: These inhalers don't use a chemical propellant to push the medication out of the inhaler. (use-inhalers.com)
51 of them used dry powder inhalers (DPI) in addition. (bvsalud.org)

This type of inhaler has less propellant than a metered-dose inhaler. (nationaljewish.org)
These NP systems thus serve as a broadly applicable platform for the non-invasive delivery of therapeutics to and through the lungs using propellant-based, portable inhalers, and are also of potential relevance in other industries where HFAs are employed as solvents or propellants. (aiche.org)
GSK has developed a new propellant technology for inhaler devices that drastically reduces their use of greenhouse gases, which perhaps surprisingly account for nearly half (49%) of the group's current carbon footprint. (pharmaphorum.com)

Scientists have devised a type of inhaler which they say is easier for asthmatics to use correctly. (bbc.co.uk)
However, there is not a universal inhaler that suits every patient and not all drugs are available in every type of inhaler in use. (paconsulting.com)

It was found that the flow structure inside the pMDI and extrathoracic region strongly depends on inhalation flow rate and geometry of the inhaler. (physiciansweekly.com)
10 Oral systemic availability of FP was low because of the almost complete first pass hepatic metabolism (about 99%) 10 of the swallowed fraction (usually at least 70% of the emitted dose) after oral inhalation. (bmj.com)
Inhaler containing 108 mcg albuterol sulfate (90 mcg albuterol base) as an aerosol formulation for oral inhalation. (nih.gov)
Pressurised inhalation, solution. (medicines.org.uk)
Background: An Adequate and an effective dose of inhalation drugs can be administered only if the correct inhaler-specific technique is followed by asthma patients. (bvsalud.org)

The metered dose inhaler (MDI) consists of a pressurized canister of medicine in a plastic case with a mouthpiece. (nationaljewish.org)
Hold the inhaler with the mouthpiece at the bottom. (nationaljewish.org)
To use this inhaler, place the mouthpiece in your mouth and seal your lips around it. (nationaljewish.org)
Metered dose inhalers MDI: These inhalers consist of a pressurized canister containing medication that fits into a boot-shaped plastic mouthpiece. (use-inhalers.com)
We report a case in which a plastic cable clip accidentally lodged in the mouthpiece of an uncapped pressurized MDI was aspirated during its use. (bvsalud.org)

soft‑mist inhalers (SMIs) - eg Respimat devices. (racgp.org.au)

The clinical trial Towards a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH) study clearly showed in a three year follow up that patients with good adherence to their inhaler treatment presented a longer time before the first exacerbation, a lower susceptibility to exacerbation and lower all-cause mortality. (mdpi.com)
The Latin American Study of 24-h Symptoms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (LASSYC), a real-life study, evaluated the self-reported inhaler adherence in COPD patients in seven countries in a cross-sectional non-interventional study and found that approximately 50% of the patients had good adherence, 30% moderate adherence and 20% poor adherence. (mdpi.com)
Critical inhaler handling errors are associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (dovepress.com)
We evaluated the rates and risk factors for critical inhaler errors in the COPD population in Korea. (dovepress.com)
In the multivariate analyses, female sex, short COPD duration, dissatisfaction with the inhaler (assessed by FSI-10), and moderate acute exacerbations (AEs) in the prior year were independent risk factors for any critical error in the DPI group. (dovepress.com)
Critical inhaler errors are common among patients with COPD, regardless of their preferred inhaler device. (dovepress.com)
Optimal device selection considering the risk factors of inhaler misusage will improve disease control in COPD patients. (dovepress.com)
5 However, few studies have compared inhaler device handling technique and the risk factors for critical inhaler errors in the Asian COPD population. (dovepress.com)
6 , 7 Thus, in this study we evaluated the rates and risk factors for any critical inhaler error in the COPD population in South Korea. (dovepress.com)
The metered-dose-inhaler is important for the treatment of chronic lung disease, including asthma and COPD. (nationaljewish.org)
These are videos of inhalers approved for the treatment of COPD depicting their proper use. (copdfoundation.org)
This is a pressurized soft mist MDI and it delivers the medications: Combivent (orange cap), Spiriva (Aqua cap for COPD and Blue cap for Asthma), Stiolto (green cap) and Striverdi (yellow cap). (copdfoundation.org)
Inhalers are used for the treatment of Asthma, Allergy and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). (use-inhalers.com)

Formoterol also resulted in significant improvement in maximum FEV 1 during the 12-hour treatment period (secondary efficacy) with formoterol 4.5-, 9-, and 12-microgram doses versus placebo and the formoterol 2.25-microgram dose. (ingentaconnect.com)
For example, the efficacy of inhaled bronchodilators is related by a characteristic dose-response curve to the quantity deposited in the lungs ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
We compared the efficacy of 2 inhalers (fluticasone. (koreamed.org)
Therapeutic recommendations to optimize albuterol HFA inhaler efficacy are commonly given to patients, sometimes without robust evidence that these recommendations are in fact correct. (rcjournal.com)
Efficacy of Metered-Dose Inhaler Pressurized metered-dose inhalers are economical, effective, and convenient. (medscape.com)

A spacer is a tube-like device that attaches to the metered-dose inhaler. (use-inhalers.com)

The dose of β-agonist used was 2.5-5 mg salbutamol per wet nebuliser treatment. (bmj.com)
(25) The gas in a typical salbutamol pressurised metered‑dose inhaler (pMDI) causes about as much global warming as the tailpipe exhaust from a car driven for 300 km. (racgp.org.au)
Each color usually denotes a different medication, For example the famous blue inhaler (Ventolin) is an inhaler using salbutamol to treat asthma. (use-inhalers.com)

5,6 A recent assessment of patient ability to properly self-administer asthma rescue medication found that only 7% of patients surveyed were able to operate a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) per the approved protocol. (uspharmacist.com)
This can mean patients are prescribed dose increases and extra medication which they would not need if they were able to feel the full benefits from their inhaler. (bbc.co.uk)
Mr Bell told BBC News Online: "At the moment, patients may be prescribed a standard inhaler and be on it for a month or two before the doctor decides there has been no improvement and decides to up the dose. (bbc.co.uk)
The rates and risk factors for critical inhaler errors differed among patients using different devices. (dovepress.com)
The frequency of acute adrenal crisis was greater than expected as the majority of these patients were treated with ICS doses supported by British Guidelines on Asthma Management. (bmj.com)
We would also emphasise that until adrenal function has been assessed patients receiving high dose ICS should not have this therapy abruptly terminated as this could precipitate adrenal crisis. (bmj.com)
Despite the use of these high doses, serious systemic effects in patients receiving ICS are extremely rare. (bmj.com)
the dose of beclometasone dipropionate should be lower and will need to be adjusted to the individual needs of the patients. (medicines.org.uk)
Conclusions Patients switching from a pMDI-based to a DPI-based maintenance therapy more than halved their inhaler carbon footprint without loss of asthma control. (bmj.com)
The Gaining Optimal Asthma Control study of 3,400 asthmatic patients over a 12-month period evaluated the percentage of subjects achieving control using inhaled fluticasone or inhaled fluticasone/salmeterol in three groups of patients: corticosteroid-free subjects, and those receiving low and moderate doses of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) at baseline [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study tested ensifentrine delivered through a pressurized metered-dose inhaler on hospitalized COVID-19 patients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. (wraltechwire.com)
With the approval of Bevespi Aerosphere we are pleased to provide patients with the first LAMA/LABA in a pressurized metered-dose inhaler, delivered using our unique formulation technology," said Sean Bohen, executive vice president of the global medicines department and chief medical officer of AstraZeneca, in a press release. (pharmacytimes.com)
While new propellants with lower global warming potential undergo clinical and regulatory requirements, it remains important that patients have continued access to their inhaler of choice for optimal disease management and to avoid increasing the carbon footprint of care. (theparliamentmagazine.eu)
Aims: This observational study was to assess the inhaler techniques among asthma patients in Nigeria and also to identify the factors related to an inaccurate or poor inhaler use. (bvsalud.org)
of two university hospitals in Nigeria were asked to use their inhalers while an inhaler-administration checklist was used to assess each patients inhaler technique. (bvsalud.org)
Patients with higher educational qualification (P 0.01) and those with less frequent asthma symptoms (P 0.01) are more likely to use the pMDI inhalers more accurately while patients who have been taught previously by a Doctor were more likely to use the DPI better. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusion: Majority of asthma patients use their inhalers inaccurately. (bvsalud.org)
Patients should be informed of the risk of foreign body aspiration associated with uncapped pocket inhalers. (bvsalud.org)
Impact of Long-acting Beta Agonist on Dose of Inhaled Corticosteroid This study investigated whether patients could maintain asthma control using a lower dose of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) if a long-acting beta agonist (LABA) was added to the treatment regimen. (medscape.com)

A variety of medications are available as a soft mist inhaler. (nationaljewish.org)
A soft mist inhaler consists of a plastic device containing medication. (nationaljewish.org)

For the device to work effectively, the user has to press down the canister on the inhaler at exactly the same time as they breathe in. (bbc.co.uk)
Pressurised aluminium multidose canister containing a colourless to yellowish solution sealed with a metering valve and fitted into a white polypropylene actuator with a dose indicator and a green polypropylene dust cap. (medicines.org.uk)
With most metered dose inhalers, medication is released by pushing the canister into the boot. (use-inhalers.com)

Many metered-dose inhalers have started using HFA's instead of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) as the propellants for the asthma medication. (nationaljewish.org)
Pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDI) delivering drugs for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory diseases currently use hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) propellants that were introduced in the early 2000s to replace ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (pharmaphorum.com)
Albuterol pressurized metered-dose inhalers used chlorofluorocarbon propellants, which were banned internationally. (rcjournal.com)

If an individual patient should require a combination of doses other than those available in the combination inhaler, appropriate doses of beta2-agonists and/or corticosteroids by individual inhalers should be prescribed. (medicines.org.uk)

Most potential savings are due to less expensive long-acting beta-agonist (LABA)/inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) inhalers. (bmj.com)

Flow Structure and Particle Deposition Analyses for Optimization of a Pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI) in a Model of Tracheobronchial Airway. (physiciansweekly.com)

The breath-activated metered-dose inhaler releases a mist of medicine when a person inhales. (nationaljewish.org)

Some of the inhaler-use recommendations were assessed on the Ventolin brand albuterol HFA inhalers by using a laser particle sizer that demonstrated that cold temperatures, older life span of the inhaler, and submerging the inhaler in water, all reduced the inhaler's fine-particle fraction. (rcjournal.com)

The remaining inhaler carbon footprint could be reduced through switches from pMDI to DPI rescue medications or alternative lower-carbon footprint rescue inhalers if available. (bmj.com)
A leaf symbol now appears in the print issue of MIMS to highlight inhalers with a lower carbon footprint. (gponline.com)

Priming information: Prime Albuterol Sulfate HFA before using for the first time, when the inhaler has not been used for more than 2 weeks, or when the inhaler has been dropped. (nih.gov)
Need for more doses of Albuterol Sulfate HFA than usual may be a sign of deterioration of asthma and requires reevaluation of treatment. (nih.gov)
When comparing the non-selective adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to albuterol, at doses that produce comparable bronchodilation, albuterol will exhibit substantially less cardiac stimulation. (pharmacology2000.com)
This study evaluated the dose and distribution of the inhaled β-agonist bronchodilator 99m Tc-albuterol in acute RSV bronchiolitis. (snmjournals.org)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how factors (ambient temperature, shaking the inhaler before use, suspension of the inhaler in water, and the variation over the lifetime of the inhaler) affect the particle-size distributions from albuterol HFA inhalers. (rcjournal.com)
There are numerous recommendations for inhaler use, many of which are substantiated in the older chlorofluorocarbon inhalers but many of which are not substantiated with HFA albuterol inhalers. (rcjournal.com)
All HFA albuterol inhalers have slightly different additive contents, which makes the HFA conversion even more complex. (rcjournal.com)

Bespak, part of Consort Medical, and AstraZeneca have signed a multi-year scale-up and commercial supply agreement for Bespak's proprietary pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) valve and actuator technology. (manufacturingchemist.com)
This is equivalent to a delivered dose (ex-actuator) of 177.7 micrograms of beclometasone dipropionate and 5.1 micrograms of formoterol fumarate dihydrate. (medicines.org.uk)

ABSTRACT: Over the last several decades, multiple studies have identified improper asthma rescue inhaler technique as a clinically important correlate of unstable disease and increased use of healthcare services. (uspharmacist.com)
It is important to review pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) protocols as defined by the literature and manufacturers, as well as to understand how the technique employed in each step affects the delivered dose. (uspharmacist.com)
11,12 Moreover, it has been demonstrated that repeated education on proper inhaler technique is critical and should be performed during every HCP interaction. (uspharmacist.com)
An advanced practice nurse evaluated their inhaler technique. (dovepress.com)
3 , 4 The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2019 management cycle recommends an assessment of inhaler technique and adherence and of non-pharmacological approaches such as pulmonary rehabilitation and patient education. (dovepress.com)
By providing information about the dose deposited at various sites, including those within specific regions of the lung fields, this technique yields information that is impossible to obtain by other means ( 8 ). (snmjournals.org)
It can be difficult to use the correct technique with a metered-dose inhaler alone, and it is ideally recommended to use a spacer. (use-inhalers.com)
Inhaler technique is a significant therapeutic problem, 1 - 3 despite attempts to improve technique. (rcjournal.com)
Patient-dependent factors were identified as the cause of incorrect technique of inhaler use. (bvsalud.org)

This dose was chosen as it has previously been shown to be an optimal therapeutic dose. (bmj.com)

Of the total 6-min nebulized dose (i.e., drug aerosol dose leaving the nebulizer [not the nebulizer charge]), 1.5% ± 0.7% reached the right lung, with only approximately one third of that (0.6%) penetrating to the peripheral lung zone. (snmjournals.org)
Successful aerosol therapy depends mainly on targeting an adequate dose of drug to the appropriate receptors in the respiratory tract ( 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
Therefore, knowledge of the lung dose, its regional distribution, and the manner in which pulmonary drug targeting may be affected by large and small airway obstruction in bronchiolitis is very important if aerosol therapy is to be optimized. (snmjournals.org)

Asthma inhalers are hand-held portable devices that deliver medication to your lungs. (use-inhalers.com)
An inhaler is a medical device that administers medication to the lungs in an aerosolized form. (use-inhalers.com)

A spacer is a device that you attach to a metered-dose inhaler before you take medication. (nationaljewish.org)
A spacer can also make your inhaler easier to use and it can reduce the risk of side effects. (nationaljewish.org)
Your doctor may suggest that you use a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer. (nationaljewish.org)
Read more about how a metered-dose inhaler with spacer can be an effective delivery method. (nationaljewish.org)
A special type of metered-dose inhaler that is inhaled directly into the mouth without the use of a spacer. (copdfoundation.org)
Why to Use a Spacer with a Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI)? (use-inhalers.com)
MDI with Spacers: A spacer holds medication after it's released, making it easier to inhale the full dose. (use-inhalers.com)

Bevespi Aerosphere is a twice-daily, fixed-dose dual bronchodilator that combines a long-acting muscarcinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA). (pharmacytimes.com)

We used a laser particle-size analyzer to measure the percentage of particles in the 1- to 5-μm range (fine-particle fraction) serially 2,500 times per second to obtain a window of useful measurements with each inhaler actuation. (rcjournal.com)

We compared the inhaler performance results as follows: cold versus hot, full versus partial versus empty inhaler actuations, shaken versus unshaken, and inhaler characteristics after water submersion. (rcjournal.com)

The particle size is usually very small and the medicine is pushed into the respiratory system along with the inhaler air to reach the bronchial tree and work on the muscles. (use-inhalers.com)
Inhalers are essential part of Asthma treatment, they offer the advantage of delivering the medicine right into the respiratory airways. (use-inhalers.com)

As countries work to decarbonise their health systems, companies have an important role to play - and addressing the carbon emissions from inhalers is a key part of this," said GSK chief executive Emma Walmsley. (pharmaphorum.com)
GSK has pledged to 100% use of renewable across the company by 2025, and an 80% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 en route to net zero across all its supply chain - including purchased goods and services, which currently account for a third of its carbon footprint - by 2045. (pharmaphorum.com)

1 Conversely, chronic treatment for asthma has relied upon inhaled treatment through pressurised meter dose inhalers using spacers (pMDI-S). Recent work from North America has suggested that, on an individual basis, pMDI-S treatment may be as effective as wet nebuliser treatment in acute mild to moderate asthma. (bmj.com)

Side effects are unlikely with beclomethasone (BDP) and budesonide (BUD) using doses of up to 400 μg/day 1 and with fluticasone (FP) in doses of up to 200 μg/day. (bmj.com)
In this clinical study that used rigorous algorithms to adapt therapy, total control of asthma was obtained with fluticasone in only 40%, 28% and 16% in corticoid-free subjects and in low- and moderate-dose ICS users, respectively. (ersjournals.com)

Setting We studied National Health Service prescription data from England in 2017 and collated carbon footprint data on inhalers commonly used in England. (bmj.com)
Metered-dose inhalers (handheld cartridges containing gas under pressure) are the most commonly used method for giving inhaled beta-adrenergic drugs. (msdmanuals.com)

Inhalers and inhaled products are nominally very small contributors to the overall climate budget (0.05% of all greenhouse gas emissions) but significant in the specific sustainability picture for suppliers (e.g. (paconsulting.com)

A literature search revealed 16 other cases of foreign body aspiration associated with uncapped handheld inhalers, all but one of which were pressurized inhalers. (bvsalud.org)

Universal inhaler base fits most pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDI). (medicaldev.com)

This is a multi-dose DPI and it delivers the medications: Advair (purple), Serevent (green) or Flovent (orange). (copdfoundation.org)
This is a multi-dose DPI and it delivers the medications: Anoro (red cap), Arnuity (orange cap), Breo (blue cap), Incruse (green cap), and Trelegy (beige cap). (copdfoundation.org)
This is a single-dose DPI and it delivers the medications: Arcapta (pink pinchers), Seebri (orange pinchers) and Utibron (yellow pinchers). (copdfoundation.org)
However, to our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to investigate the airway dose and distribution of aerosolized medications in bronchiolitis to determine if medications are capable of being delivered to affected lung regions. (snmjournals.org)

The scientists estimate the breath-actuated inhaler could be manufactured at around a tenth of the cost of current devices. (bbc.co.uk)
We know that some inhaler devices are difficult to use, for example, because of the co-ordination required between releasing the medication and breathing in, to get the correct dose. (bbc.co.uk)
Pressurized metered dose inhalers and add-on devices. (medicaldev.com)
While currently there is no definitive "environmental" legislation that covers inhalers and other medical devices, we can anticipate it will not be long before legislation drives change or economics force change via national and supranational bodies, whose policies will impact the costs of material supply and demand (thereby cost). (paconsulting.com)

Controlled drug delivery approaches aim to deliver the right amount of drug to the right part of the body at the right time rather than large systemic doses, of which only a very small proportion of the drug reaches the site of disease. (bath.ac.uk)

Bronchodilation was not maintained during the 12-hour dosing interval with formoterol 2.25 micrograms. (ingentaconnect.com)

Dr Bacon said: "Clinicians have intuitively accepted the co-ordination problem with pressurised inhalers but it is only very recently that research has begun to provide clinical data. (bbc.co.uk)
3 Although recently it has been suggested that the maximum clinical effect of inhaled FP is achieved in adolescents and adults in a dose of around 500 μg/day, 4 others have suggested benefits of FP in severe asthma at higher dosages 5, 6 even up to 1500 or 2000 μg/day. (bmj.com)

Dose reduction may be needed for coadministered drugs that are predominantly metabolized by CYP3A. (medscape.com)
Most of the drugs used to treat an asthma attack can be used (often in lower doses) to prevent attacks. (msdmanuals.com)
Long-acting beta-adrenergic drugs are effective for about 12 hours, so people usually need two doses per day. (msdmanuals.com)
Ultra-long-acting beta-adrenergic drugs are effective for up to 24 hours, so people need only one dose per day. (msdmanuals.com)

As such, γ-scintigraphy answers important questions regarding the pulmonary dose and the distribution within the lung and has been successfully applied in the evaluation of drug delivery in infantile pulmonary diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), and asthma ( 9 - 11 ). (snmjournals.org)

Bronchodilator effect of single-dose formoterol administered by p. (ingentaconnect.com)
This is a single-dose DPI and it delivers the medication, Spiriva. (copdfoundation.org)

It is important to use a metered-dose inhaler correctly to get the full dosage and benefit from the medicine. (nationaljewish.org)

Press the inhaler and at the same time begin a slow, deep breath. (nationaljewish.org)

Anatomy2

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes7

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care5

PMDIs10

Types of inhalers3

MDIs10

Powder12

Propellant3

Type of inhaler2

Inhalation5

Mouthpiece5

Respimat1

COPD13

Efficacy5

Device that attaches1

Salbutamol3

Patients19

Soft mist2

Canister3

Propellants3

Combination inhaler1

Corticosteroids1

Deposition1

Mist1

Ventolin1

Lower-carbon footprint2

Albuterol7

Actuator2

Technique9

Therapeutic1

Aerosol3

Lungs2

Spacer7

LABA1

Actuation1

Versus1

RESPIRATORY2

Carbon emissions2

Chronic1

Fluticasone2

Commonly2

Climate1

Handheld1

Fits1

Medications4

Devices4

Systemic1

Bronchodilation1

Clinical2

Drugs4

Lung1

Single-dose2

Correctly1

Breath1