• Whereas visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with cardiometabolic risk, there is debate regarding the role of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further research into the different roles of the two types of abdominal adipose tissue in both men and women is warranted. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Excess visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) are key contributors to abdominal obesity, but differ in their structural composition, metabolic activity, and functional significance[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Frequent physical movement in the body has an aggressive effect on visceral fat (excess intra-abdominal adipose tissue accumulation) which helps keep the body healthy and fit. (smartnesshealth.com)
  • Visceral fat is technically excess intra-abdominal adipose tissue accumulation. (austinthyroid.com)
  • Babies are prone to this malformation because of the process during fetal development by which the abdominal organs form outside the abdominal cavity, later returning into it through an opening which will become the umbilicus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Belly fat is also known as the visceral or intra-abdominal fat that forms around the organs in our body. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • The opening in the abdominal wall through which the fat or organs protrude is called the Hernia defect. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Not only does it put pressure on major organs, it secretes pro-inflammatory substances that disrupt hormones which regulate fertility, appetite, weight, & brain function. (naturally.net.au)
  • and on the top front of the legs.The remaining 10 percent, the intra-abdominal visceral fat, resides beneath the firm abdominal wall and in the spaces surrounding such internal organs as the liver, spleen, intestines, and gall bladder. (umich.edu)
  • Another visceral abdominal location is behind the organs and called retroperitoneal-visceral fat. (umich.edu)
  • That's the "bad" fat that clings to your organs and can trigger the release of molecules linked to a variety of health conditions. (eatthis.com)
  • Strong abdominal muscles protect your vital organs, improve your posture, stabilize your torso, and decrease your likelihood of muscular strains and injuries. (tigerfitness.com)
  • The transverse abdominis pulls the abdominal wall inward, increases intra-abdominal pressure when flexed, and supports organs in the abdominal region. (tigerfitness.com)
  • Visceral fat is fat that wraps around your abdominal organs deep inside your body. (webmd.com)
  • Researchers suspect that visceral fat makes more of certain proteins that inflame your body's tissues and organs and narrow your blood vessels. (webmd.com)
  • This is the fat that constricts blood vessels and wraps around your organs. (healtharticlesworld.com)
  • Often the fat gets deposited around organs instead of under the skin. (smartnesshealth.com)
  • But it would be interesting to note that it could be purely because her fats are deposited around her organs and not under the skin that she doesn't look fat. (smartnesshealth.com)
  • Visceral fat envelops deep among the muscles and around the organs and releases certain kinds of hormones which disrupt the body's ability to balance its energy needs. (smartnesshealth.com)
  • What matters today is proper nutrition and the right amount of exercise to avoid unwanted fat settling down in the organs that affect our health. (smartnesshealth.com)
  • However, stab wounds that enter the abdominal cavity do not always damage organs or blood vessels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Blunt or penetrating injuries may cut or rupture abdominal organs and/or blood vessels. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Uncontained bleeding into the abdominal cavity, in the space surrounding the organs, is called hemoperitoneum . (msdmanuals.com)
  • An acquired umbilical hernia directly results from increased intra-abdominal pressure caused by obesity, heavy lifting, a long history of coughing, or multiple pregnancies. (wikipedia.org)
  • White fat is what we want to reduce since this is associated with obesity. (poise.com)
  • Central fatness, mostly intra-abdominal circumference is a better index of android fat, is medically more important than (abdominal) obesity than waist-to-hip ratio subcutaneous fat in the trunk. (who.int)
  • Routine evaluation of an expression of weight not adiposity [ 11 ] regional fat distribution on a wide scale and it provides no information on body fat requires methods that are simpler than distribution, so it can mask true obesity- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), related risk in children [ 3 ]. (who.int)
  • America is now the fattest population in the world with an unheard of rate of childhood obesity. (heartlandnaturopathic.com)
  • It reduces the risk of obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, stroke, and even certain types of cancer," says Mike Meyers, Ph.D., an American College of Sports Medicine - certified trainer and director of the Human Performance Research Laboratory at West Texas A&M University. (healtharticlesworld.com)
  • concentration of fat in the abdominal region has a Obesity and even overweight are generally higher predictive sensitivity for diseases and health not difficult to recognise, but a more accurate problems. (bvsalud.org)
  • Clinical diagnosis is made on the basis of the presence of 3 of 5 conditions: 1) high triglyceride level, 2) low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, 3) high fasting blood glucose level, 4) presence of central obesity (ie, high waist circumference), and 5) high blood pressure ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • You can help reduce or eliminate bladder leaks by ensuring that your pelvic floor has enough power and endurance to support you through all your activities, and that it's well coordinated with your deep abdominal muscle contractions (your Transverse abdominus ). (poise.com)
  • Mechanism by which transverse sinus stenosis leads to increase intracranial pressure. (bmj.com)
  • Transverse" means this abdominal muscle crosses all the way around your whole middle. (fit2b.us)
  • According to Diane Lee, world famous author and researcher on all things related to diastsis rectus abdominus (DRA), the transverse abdominus works through intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal tension. (fit2b.us)
  • When training the abdominals select exercises that engage the rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, and obliques (internal and external heads). (tigerfitness.com)
  • Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and visceral fat thickness (VFT) were assessed by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography (US). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The latest research in the field of human body composition reveals startling new findings regarding how fat in different regions of the body affect physical wellness.Evidence reveals the fat lying deep inside the abdomen, called visceral or intra-abdominal fat , threatens our health more than the fat just under the skin, called subcutaneous fat . (umich.edu)
  • Even though visceral fat comprises a small percentage of total body fat, recent research indicates it is a more significant indicator for assessing overall health than the more plentiful subcutaneous fat. (umich.edu)
  • Subcutaneous fat serves many purposes. (umich.edu)
  • But compared to the fat that lies just underneath your skin (subcutaneous fat), the visceral kind is more likely to raise your risk for serious medical issues. (webmd.com)
  • Exercise can help you shed both visceral fat and subcutaneous fat you can see and pinch. (webmd.com)
  • clarification needed] Incarceration refers to the inability to reduce the hernia back into the abdominal cavity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers locate it by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to "see" inside the abdominal cavity. (umich.edu)
  • The testes originate in the posterior abdominal cavity and, through certain signals, descend and ultimately reside in the scrotal cavity. (medscape.com)
  • These penetrating injuries are much less concerning than those that enter the abdominal cavity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gunshots that enter the abdominal cavity almost always cause significant damage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bleeding from abdominal injury is mostly internal (within the abdominal cavity). (msdmanuals.com)
  • When a hollow organ is injured, the contents of the organ (for example, stomach acid, stool, or urine) may enter the abdominal cavity and cause irritation and inflammation (peritonitis). (msdmanuals.com)
  • citation needed] Normally, the abdominal muscles converge and fuse at the umbilicus during the formation stage, however, in some cases, there remains a gap where the muscles do not close and through this gap the inner intestines come up and bulge under the skin, giving rise to an umbilical hernia. (wikipedia.org)
  • It appears like a sac and is usually formed due to weakness of abdominal muscles. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Visceral fat also locates in the omentum, an apron-like flap of tissue under the belly muscles that blankets the intestines. (umich.edu)
  • By presenting a novel stimulus to the abdominal muscles you can expedite neuromuscular strength increases, blast through plateaus, and increase muscle fiber recruitment. (tigerfitness.com)
  • The trainee then grasps the rope attachment with a neutral grip (palms facing each other), kneels down on to the pad, places the rope knobs in-line with the ears or neck, and then crunches the weight using the abdominal muscles. (tigerfitness.com)
  • Keeping your wrists and elbows in-line with your shoulders, slowly crunch down as far as comfortably possible, focusing on squeezing the abdominal muscles. (tigerfitness.com)
  • The issue is that the increase of intra-abdominal pressure that often results from excess belly fat can weaken the pelvic floor muscles, leaving you more prone to developing pain or one of the aforementioned conditions. (carolinaspaincenter.com)
  • The aponeuroses of these three muscles form the sturdy rectus sheaths , which enclose the fourth abdominal wall muscle, the rectus abdominis, which inserts on the 5th, 6th and 7th ribs superiorly and on the pubic bone inferiorly. (gynecoloncol.com)
  • Unfortunately, the frequent high-impact and repetitive nature of cardio puts a lot of pressure on your ligaments, joints, tendons, muscles and the cartilage in between. (healtharticlesworld.com)
  • Some penetrating injuries involve only the fat and muscles under the skin. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A hernia is a weakness in the abdominal wall, that often results in bulging out of fat, which then occupies space under the skin. (selfgrowth.com)
  • This descent of the testis in males creates an inherent weakness in the abdominal wall at the inguinal canal. (medscape.com)
  • The surgeon can opt to stitch the walls of the abdomen or place mesh over the opening and stitch it to the abdominal walls. (wikipedia.org)
  • As women age, a decrease in estrogen during menopause can increase deposits of fat around the abdomen (versus the hips or thighs). (poise.com)
  • Since we engage the abdomen with many of the movements that we perform during pelvic health physical therapy designed to minimize bladder leaks, it's relevant for my patients also interested in reducing the fat stored in that area. (poise.com)
  • Individuals with heavy weight have an increase in,intra-abdominal pressure within the abdomen due to excessive fat content in the body, this causes backflow of stomach acids. (plankhomeopathy.com)
  • Open abdomen (OA) management is a life-saving strategy for patients with trauma who requires damage control surgery for a severe abdomen injury, such as compartment syndrome, uncontrolled abdominal contamination, and abdominal wall tissue loss [ 1 ]. (jtraumainj.org)
  • The patient was hemodynamically stable with an abdominal exam that revealed a distended, non-tender abdomen and a large non-reducible left inguinal hernia. (omicsonline.org)
  • Symptoms may develop when the contracting abdominal wall causes pressure on the hernia contents. (wikipedia.org)
  • This condition also is associated with low-grade inflammation caused by several substances secreted by the body fat and, in particular, the internal fat in the waistline (intra-abdominal or visceral fat). (harvard.edu)
  • Even if a person doesn't gain much weight, the waistline increases as more deposits of visceral belly fat push out against the abdominal wall. (umich.edu)
  • Losing belly fat after 40 can certainly be done healthfully, through lifestyle habits such as exercise or pelvic health physical therapy . (poise.com)
  • Losing stubborn belly fat is too difficult for most of us. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • According to experts, belly fat could be almost the riskiest type of fat that anyone could accrue, and 's hard to remove as well. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • The riskiest side of belly fat is that it is out of vision, and usually, we barely know the hidden size of unseen belly fat. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • The hidden belly fat can be accurately assessed only by MRI or CT scans. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • Here are some of the ways that can help you to reduce belly fats . (skinnyrunner.com)
  • It is found that jogging 12 miles a week are ample to melt belly fat. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • Taking sleep for less than five hours at night will increase the belly fats in your body. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • Sleep of 8 hours ideal and will help you in losing belly fat and maintaining a healthy mind and body. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • The ones who intake polyunsaturated will gain fewer belly fats while the others will get more muscle mass against less body fat. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • So, if you are keen to reduce the belly fat then start taking these food items. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • Reasonable exercisers, who carried up on the antioxidants that are present in green tea known as catechins, were more expected to reduce the belly fat although exercising than the ones who didn't take them. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • People who want to lose belly fat can take one or two tablespoons of vinegar daily for eight weeks. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • This is great for reducing belly fat. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • Insulin encourages fat storage particularly around the belly and taking a diet rich in proteins may keep you against insulin. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • According to a study the people who practice yoga will have a reduction of belly fats. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • The primary of the yoga exercises is to reduce the levels of stress hormone in the body which is connected to belly fat. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • Other things that you can do to lose the belly fat are: eliminate all liver emphasizing food such as extra carbohydrates, trans-foods and junk foods, sugars, etc from your diet plan totally. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • Asthma (Increased belly fat is thought to raise the risk of asthma because of its inflammatory effects throughout the body, including the air passages. (umich.edu)
  • Women between ages 35-55, in particular, see more increases in visceral belly fat than males. (umich.edu)
  • Because I have news for you: a belly bulging under pressure (outside of pregnancy) is a sign of a weak core, not a strong core! (fit2b.us)
  • Only an expensive scan can measure how much belly fat is hiding in you, but your doctor won't order a test just for that reason. (webmd.com)
  • You don't need to follow a special diet or do special exercises to banish belly fat . (webmd.com)
  • On the other hand, certain foods seem to encourage belly fat. (webmd.com)
  • Without getting clear alarming signals of visible belly fat, thin people falsely assume that they are healthy. (smartnesshealth.com)
  • It's not a single disease, but a group of related health problems: too much belly fat, high triglycerides, cholesterol trouble, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar. (austinthyroid.com)
  • In other words, it's known as a "deep" fat that's stored further underneath the skin than "subcutaneous" belly fat. (austinthyroid.com)
  • Although OA is a helpful method in the early stages of treatment for patients with trauma, it may result in delayed morbidity from conditions such as incisional hernia, abdominal abscess, and enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF). (jtraumainj.org)
  • Abdominal Abscesses An abscess is a pocket of pus, usually caused by a bacterial infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • An umbilical hernia is a health condition where the abdominal wall behind the navel is damaged. (wikipedia.org)
  • Obstruction and strangulation of the hernia is rare because the underlying defect in the abdominal wall is larger than in an inguinal hernia of the newborn. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another type of acquired umbilical hernias are incisional hernias, which are hernia developing in a scar following abdominal surgery, e.g. after insertion of laparoscopy trocars through the umbilicus. (wikipedia.org)
  • This produces a distinct ridge in the midline on increasing intra-abdominal pressure that is often mistaken for an epigastric hernia. (gynecoloncol.com)
  • This usually occurs when an organ that is herniating through the defect in the abdominal wall becomes trapped (incarcerated hernia) and/or its blood supply becomes compromised (strangulated hernia). (vin.com)
  • The patient underwent repair of the hernia, sigmoid resection for sigmoid perforation, followed by intra-operative colonoscopy (which confirmed the radiographic findings of a cecal lesion) and right colectomy. (omicsonline.org)
  • Findings include a large amount of air within the proximal sigmoid mesocolon and the retroperitoneum ( Figure 1 ), extensive sigmoid diverticulosis, and a moderate left inguinal hernia containing omental fat and distal sigmoid colon ( Figure 2 ). (omicsonline.org)
  • Lee et al retrospectively enrolled 75 patients who had undergone liver transpalantation and found that although MDCT in the late period should be interpreted with caution in patients with suspected biliary complication, MDCT is a reliable diagnostic technique for the identification of early and late abdominal complications after liver transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • The rectus abdominis runs alongside the front of the torso and looks like a six-pack when a trainee has a sufficiently low body fat percentage. (tigerfitness.com)
  • Cable crunches, most commonly performed kneeling, are one of the most popular exercises to target the upper region of the rectus abdominis, commonly referred to as the upper abdominals. (tigerfitness.com)
  • The bulge can often be pressed back through the hole in the abdominal wall, and may "pop out" when coughing or otherwise acting to increase intra-abdominal pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • The latter is of a stronger hold and is commonly used for larger defects in the abdominal wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inguinal region of the body, also known as the groin, is located on the lower portion of the anterior abdominal wall, with the thigh inferiorly, the pubic tubercle medially, and the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) superolaterally. (medscape.com)
  • During normal testicular descent, the testis migrates caudally and traverses through various layers of the abdominal wall to end up in the scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • The muscle and fascial layers of the anterior abdominal wall continue inferiorly to form the layers covering the spermatic cord as it continues through the inguinal canal and into the scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • Blood supply to the abdominal wall is taken care of by two systems. (gynecoloncol.com)
  • Therefore, after the initial resuscitation stage, the abdominal wall should be closed at an early stage. (jtraumainj.org)
  • In this case, we performed abdominal wall restoration using an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and skin grafts in a patient under long-term OA treatment due to intestinal perforation accompanied by open pelvic fractures and wound infection. (jtraumainj.org)
  • It may cause the navel to bulge outwards-the bulge consisting of abdominal fat from the greater omentum or occasionally parts of the small intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • An elastic defect in this raphe may allow the fascia to stretch and abdominal contents to bulge forward through the resulting divarication of the recti. (gynecoloncol.com)
  • however, early primary abdominal closure failed due to severe peritonitis. (jtraumainj.org)
  • Subjects were visited at home where a questionnaire was administered, anthropometric measurements made, blood pressures taken (including by the subject), and sensors applied for a subsequent overnight sleep study. (bmj.com)
  • Descriptive statistics, partial correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between anthropometric measurements and blood pressure parameters, after controlling for age. (primescholarslibrary.org)
  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and its variant (upper airways resistance syndrome) cause recurrent arousals and thus rises in blood pressure (BP) during sleep and, in addition, may be independently responsible for increases in awake BP. (bmj.com)
  • Heavy lifting increases intra-abdominal pressure. (lossfat.us)
  • The pressure can cause a C-section incision to open and sometimes pelvic organ prolapse , as well as other complications. (lossfat.us)
  • The choice of abdominal incision is mainly dependent on the area that needs to be exposed, the elective or emergency nature of the operation and the surgeon's personal preference. (gynecoloncol.com)
  • However, type of abdominal incision may have a profound influence on the occurrence of postoperative wound complications. (gynecoloncol.com)
  • Considering the number of laparotomies performed (e.g. 4.000.000 in the USA annually), consequences of the use of a specific type of abdominal incision may be substantial. (gynecoloncol.com)
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a disease of unknown aetiology, typically affecting young obese women, producing a syndrome of increased intracranial pressure without identifiable cause. (bmj.com)
  • There is a myth that obese people have a higher pain tolerance or pain threshold due to having an extra layer of fat. (carolinaspaincenter.com)
  • Usually people who are fat from inside are essentially on the verge of being obese in future purely because they consume more sugary and fatty foods, doing little exercise. (smartnesshealth.com)
  • In obese individuals, the concentration of fat in the abdominal region is a predictive marker for future health problems. (bvsalud.org)
  • Point defects in the aponeurotic intersections of the linea alba may facilitate the development of epigastric hernias, which often simply contain preperitoneal fat but are often disproportionately painful for their size owing to their high tendency to strangulate. (gynecoloncol.com)
  • Inguinal hernias may be direct (direct outpouching of peritoneum and abdominal contents adjacent to the inguinal canal) or indirect (outpouching of peritoneum (vaginal process) and abdominal contents through the inguinal canal. (vin.com)
  • While visceral fat also acts as an energy storehouse, it additionally secretes hormones and other molecules that directly increase a person's risk of developing type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and other chronic conditions. (umich.edu)
  • Many of my pelvic health physical therapy patients entering their 40s come to me with questions about how to lose abdominal fat after 40 or how to improve bladder function as they get older. (poise.com)
  • This is largely due to the extra strain and increased pressure put on these body parts, which can increase your risk of developing pain, arthritis, and skin problems. (carolinaspaincenter.com)
  • Having saturated fat packs instead of polyunsaturated increase the amount of visceral fat in the body. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • Conventional advice also states that diabetics can safely use table sugar, as long as you readjust your medications to compensate appropriately (i.e. take more drugs to increase your fat cell storage capacity). (detailshere.com)
  • This article discusses a number of popular abdominal exercises and presents variations that increase intensity without significantly changing the movement pattern. (tigerfitness.com)
  • As they improve abdominal strength and muscular control they may increase intensity by slowing down the speed of the movement, increasing the angle of decline, or moving the arms so that they're clasping behind the head. (tigerfitness.com)
  • If you don't like to do other exercises, then you can do any relaxation exercise such as a simple deep breathing will help in reducing fats. (skinnyrunner.com)
  • Many of you may train abdominals once, twice, or at most three times per week, using the same two or three exercises you've been using for months or even years. (tigerfitness.com)
  • Doctors often classify abdominal injuries by the type of structure that is damaged and how the injury occurred. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition to the immediate damage, abdominal injuries may also cause problems later on. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although common in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), these radiological findings are not specific to IIH and are also found in patients with other causes of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). (bmj.com)
  • A distinct advantage of OC is that it does not require sedation and may provide additional information regarding extra-colonic abdominal findings. (omicsonline.org)
  • Empowering my patients to achieve general health as they age is more of a priority than just losing fat. (poise.com)
  • 1 ]. A central fat pattern has adverse health - abdominal fat), abdominal subcutaneous implications in both children and adults. (who.int)
  • Too much of any body fat is bad for your health. (webmd.com)
  • Research shows that upper body fat is more dangerous to your health, which might be one reason why women usually live longer than men. (webmd.com)
  • If you have any of the signs of visceral fat, talk to your doctor about your health. (webmd.com)
  • In the post, we will look at the benefits of incorporating swimming into your workout plan, including fat loss and improved cardiac health, and we will check out some swim workouts that help burn fat while building lean body mass. (fitplanapp.com)
  • Even people who are health conscious and maintain their weight through diet, rather than exercise, are likely to have major internal fat deposits even if they look slim. (smartnesshealth.com)
  • Dementia (A recent study of individuals in their early 40s with the highest levels of abdominal fat, compared with those who had the least abdominal fat at the same age, were nearly three times more likely to develop dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, by their mid-70s to early 80s. (umich.edu)
  • Colorectal cancer (Individuals with high visceral fat have three times the risk of having precancerous polyps than those with the least visceral fat. (umich.edu)
  • Before we talk about weight management, we should be clear that there are two main types of fat: white fat and brown fat. (poise.com)
  • the body fat located intra-abdominally, as opposed to subcutaneously [ 7 ]. (who.int)
  • Body fat has a significant impact on your vertical-jump height. (blackbeltmag.com)
  • Therefore, reducing body fat through proper diet will help improve your jump height, speed, explosiveness and power. (blackbeltmag.com)
  • When fat and oil intake falls below____ of kcal there is a greater risk that the diet will not provide an adequate amount of essential fatty acid. (freezingblue.com)
  • They use the resulting image to estimate the amount of visceral fat a person is carrying. (umich.edu)
  • According to the latest research, increased physical movement significantly reduces the amount of visceral fat you carry around. (umich.edu)
  • These pricey scans are the only way to check the exact amount of visceral fat you have. (webmd.com)
  • Attainment of nutritional goals involves adequate caloric intake, supplementation with fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) under the guidance of a CF-trained nutritionist. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • That's sometimes called TOFI, or "thin outside fat inside. (webmd.com)
  • White fat is made up of lipids, or fatty acids. (poise.com)
  • Due to fat malabsorption and dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism, patients with CF frequently have essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD), 6 which contributes to poor growth and can lead to immune system compromise, dermatitis, alopecia, and thrombocytopenia. (contemporarypediatrics.com)