• Xenon isotope geochemistry uses the abundance of xenon (Xe) isotopes and total xenon to investigate how Xe has been generated, transported, fractionated, and distributed in planetary systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • The book I selected was Geochemistry of Non-traditional Stable Isotopes , a fascinating little volume that I imagine I'll read cover-to-cover before the year's end. (skepchick.org)
  • I started reading Geochemistry of Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes for my research paper on lithium isotopes, but I've found myself reading bits and pieces of the other sections of the book as well. (skepchick.org)
  • This little book on stable isotopes is opening my eyes to how recent developments mass spectrometry are revolutionizing isotope geochemistry. (skepchick.org)
  • When the Earth became closed for the I-Xe system, Xe isotope evolution began to obey a simple radioactive decay law as shown below and became predictable. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studying ratios of both stable and radioactive isotopes can provide important constraints on these processes. (skepchick.org)
  • The study of radioactive isotope systems, such as potassium-argon and uranium-thorium, can also be used in the dating of rocks and archaeological samples. (skepchick.org)
  • Its known isotopes are extremely radioactive , and have only been created in a laboratory. (knowpia.com)
  • For those of you who need a quick review, isotopes of an element are produced because of differences in the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. (skepchick.org)
  • Oxygen typically has 8 protons and 8 neutrons ( 16 O), but can also exist as a heavier isotope containing 8 protons and 10 neutrons ( 18 O). Seawater contains both 18 O and 16 O,but the ratio of these isotopes varies over geologic time. (oceanbites.org)
  • Elemental Xe in the atmosphere is depleted and isotopically enriched in heavier isotopes relative to estimated solar abundances. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, water sitting in a glass will become isotopically heavy over time as lighter 16-O and 2-H evaporate preferentially over heavier 17-O, 18-O, and 3-H. (skepchick.org)
  • Xe has nine stable or very long-lived isotopes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This book is basically about all the new types of stable isotope systems (lithium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, et cetera) that are now able to be studied because of recent advances in mass spectrometry. (skepchick.org)
  • The most stable known isotope , copernicium-285, has a half-life of approximately 30 seconds. (knowpia.com)
  • The Dole effect describes an inequality in the ratio of the heavy isotope 18 O to the lighter 16 O, measured in the atmosphere and in seawater. (mpg.de)
  • The reason is as follows: oxygen, produced as a waste product of photosynthesis, mainly inherits its isotopic composition from that of the water supply, while respiration preferentially destroys the lighter version of oxygen. (mpg.de)
  • This ratio is more simply written as δ 18 O. The lighter isotope, 16 O, more readily evaporates into the atmosphere, leaving a greater fraction of 18 O in seawater in places where there is a lot of evaporation (equatorial regions) and a greater fraction of 16 O in colder places (polar regions) (Fig 1). (oceanbites.org)
  • [17] The material made of the heavier nuclei is made into a target, which is then bombarded by the beam of lighter nuclei. (knowpia.com)
  • A study of the upper atmosphere's composition has successfully measured an increased presence of the oxygen-18 isotope ( 18 O) - a type of oxygen whose atoms contain 10 neutrons instead of the eight neutrons found in oxygen-16 ( 16 O), the most common isotope. (mpg.de)
  • Differences in the Xe isotope distribution between the deep mantle (from Ocean Island Basalts, or OIBs), shallower Mid-ocean Ridge Basalts (MORBs), and the atmosphere can be used to deduce Earth's history of formation and differentiation of the solid Earth into layers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Differences in the abundance of isotopes among natural samples are extremely small (almost always below 0.1% or 1 per mille). (wikipedia.org)
  • To compare these tiny but meaningful differences, isotope abundances in natural materials are often reported relative to isotope abundances in designated standards, with the delta (δ) notation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, isotopes of an element have slightly different masses that can lead to small, but important, differences in the behavoir of an element. (skepchick.org)
  • The depletion and heavy isotopic enrichment can be explained by hydrodynamic escape to space that occurred in Earth's early atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Xe is the heaviest noble gas in the Earth's atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • The light isotope 16O is preferentially evaporated and the heavy isotope 18O is preferentially precipitated out of the atmosphere. (oceanbites.org)
  • For the first time, we could identify the spectroscopic signature of this isotope shift in spectral lines of atomic oxygen in nature. (mpg.de)
  • Scientists will be able to learn so much more about paleoclimate, volcanology, ocean circulation, biological cycles, et cetera from studying these isotopes. (skepchick.org)
  • Copernicium was first created in 1996 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt , Germany. (knowpia.com)
  • Therefore, more attentions should be paid to study the ecological risks of heavy metals and microplastics co-contamination in environment. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Cd concentrations of the growth solutions thereby had no significant impact on Zn isotope fractionation during root-to-shoot translocation. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Research effort aiming to calibrate position-specific equilibrium and kinetic isotope fractionation factors for defined processes will help to interpret observed Intra-IDs of a compound accurately and fully. (copernicus.org)
  • This study presents a new method for the determination of mass-dependent Te isotope compositions. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Isotope mass balance and mixing equations performed in this study show that hypothetical mass-independent Te isotope effects of reasonable magnitude are unlikely to have a significant impact on the measured mass-dependent Te isotope compositions at the current level of analytical precision. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • To this end, the Cd and Zn isotope compositions of root, stem, leaf, and xylem sap samples were determined during metal uptake and translocation at different Cd and Zn concentrations. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • It is expected that information on the source, reaction pathway, and reaction kinetics of an organic compound can be obtained from its position-specific isotope compositions or intramolecular isotope distribution (Intra-ID). (copernicus.org)
  • The enrichment of light isotopes of both elements in plants during uptake was less pronounced at low metal supply levels, likely reflecting the switch from a low-affinity to a high-affinity transport system at lower levels of external metal supply. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The lower δ114/110Cd values of xylem sap when treated with a metabolic inhibitor decreasing the active Cd uptake further supports the preference of heavier Cd isotopes during high-affinity transport. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The DODGAA/[Bmim][NTf2]-SIR exhibited preferential uptake of the heavier lanthanide elements while allowing for the separation of the lighter lanthanides. (osti.gov)
  • Xenon isotope geochemistry uses the abundance of xenon (Xe) isotopes and total xenon to investigate how Xe has been generated, transported, fractionated, and distributed in planetary systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • The depletion and heavy isotopic enrichment can be explained by hydrodynamic escape to space that occurred in Earth's early atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • In moving Gammasphere, several other classes of experiments involving the high-energy heavy beams and the superb timing of the ATLAS accelerator will become possible. (anl.gov)
  • A beam of ions of the isotope being studied, typically provided by an accelerator, is held in place by alternating electric fields that are tuned to confine the mass and charge of the ions of interest. (llnl.gov)
  • However, a big organic molecule produced by an organism is the result of complex biochemical reactions that involve multiple kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and equilibrium isotope effects (EIEs). (copernicus.org)
  • Differences in the Xe isotope distribution between the deep mantle (from Ocean Island Basalts, or OIBs), shallower Mid-ocean Ridge Basalts (MORBs), and the atmosphere can be used to deduce Earth's history of formation and differentiation of the solid Earth into layers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, when we combine the power of these two devices it will revolutionize nuclear spectroscopy far from stability and in the heaviest nuclei. (anl.gov)
  • Differences in the abundance of isotopes among natural samples are extremely small (almost always below 0.1% or 1 per mille). (wikipedia.org)
  • The extremely neutron-deficient isotopes Au-177,Au-179 were studied by means of in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy. (surrey.ac.uk)