• Apex predators affect prey species' population dynamics and populations of other predators, both in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apex predators can have profound effects on ecosystems, as the consequences of both controlling prey density and restricting smaller predators, and may be capable of self-regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers of Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, found that wind turbines can act as top predators in ecosystems by driving down numbers as well as activity of birds of prey and triggering knock-on effects across food chains - it results in an increase in the density of vertebrates like lizards on the ground. (apnlive.com)
  • The timing and tempo of trophic restructuring within Late Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems, including the extinction of allosaurian megapredators and the ascent of tyrannosauroids to top predator roles, are poorly constrained. (nature.com)
  • When you account for the variety of food types they consume and their sheer abundance, spiders are some of the most important invertebrate predators in terrestrial ecosystems. (sciencefriday.com)
  • Through a combination of lectures and experiments the students acquire knowledge of e.g. bacteria production, primary production, competition, predator-prey interactions, migration and distribution patterns in time and space and which consequences these processes have for the function of aquatic ecosystems. (lu.se)
  • To identify these important ecological regions the research team, drawn from 12 different national Antarctic programs, combined 26 years of tracking data from 12 seabird species and five marine mammal species, with habitat models. (antarctica.gov.au)
  • If multiple species of predators and their diverse prey are consistently found in the same place, then this area has both high diversity and an abundance of species, indicating that it is of high ecological significance. (antarctica.gov.au)
  • For species primarily regulated by a common predator, the P * rule of Holt & Lawton (Holt & Lawton, 1993. (nsf.gov)
  • doi:10.1086/285561 )) predicts that the prey species that supports the highest mean predator density ( P *) excludes the other prey species. (nsf.gov)
  • This prediction is re-examined in the presence of temporal fluctuations in the vital rates of the interacting species including predator attack rates. (nsf.gov)
  • However, when temporal auto-correlations in attack rates are positive but not too strong, the prey species can coexist due to the emergence of a positive covariance between predator density and prey vulnerability. (nsf.gov)
  • Negative or strongly positive auto-correlations in attack rates generate a negative covariance between predator density and prey vulnerability and a stochastic priority effect can emerge: with non-zero probability either prey species is excluded. (nsf.gov)
  • These results highlight how temporally auto-correlated species' interaction rates impact the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. (nsf.gov)
  • Predators that exert top-down control on organisms in their community are often considered keystone species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dramatic changes in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem were recorded after the gray wolf, both an apex predator and a keystone species (one with a large effect on its ecosystem), was reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995 as a conservation measure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each species of avian predator showcases its unique skills in the relentless pursuit of wasps. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • In the Florida Everglades, the Burmese python is an invasive species that's close to triggering an ecological collapse. (kuow.org)
  • This specialization focuses on the ecology of vertebrate animals, their biological and physical environment, and the interactions that are important in the management of ecological communities and wildlife species. (mcgill.ca)
  • There is therefore one reason to think that it would be instrumentally good if predatory animal species were to become extinct and be replaced by new herbivorous species, provided that this could occur without ecological upheaval involving more harm than would be prevented by the end of predation. (cbc-network.org)
  • Spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders) are important predators of many insect pest species. (sciencefriday.com)
  • thus allowing for robust comparisons of bite force values in these marine predator species. (researchgate.net)
  • The distributions of species in signal space represent a "signature" of each community, a definitive pattern that can be monitored to track ecological changes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The term "acoustic community structure" ( Table 1 ) adapts the concept of ecological community structure, employing acoustic parameters and signaling activity as measurable traits to examine the distribution of sound-producing species in signal space, together with measures of species composition and phylogenetic diversity. (frontiersin.org)
  • The wealth of data generated by passive acoustic monitoring efforts promises valuable ecological insight, both into the distributions and movements of individual species as well as community-level processes such as seasonal turnover. (frontiersin.org)
  • Deterministic processes emphasize fine-scale ecological niches that encompass interactions, such as competition, cooperation, predator-prey, and so on between species. (encyclopedia.com)
  • 5. Overall, our data indicate that bumblebee nests are at the heart of a rich web of interactions between many different predator and parasite species. (stir.ac.uk)
  • We collaborate closely on most projects, which allows us to use our complementary expertise and perspectives to understand how ecological and evolutionary processes, including species interactions, can generate novel biodiversity. (lu.se)
  • Broadly, my research strives to identify how variation arises and the processes by which it sorts into new species, as well as which ecological settings and factors that promote these processes. (lu.se)
  • This remarkable phenotypic diversity within a single nominal species likely stems from microhabitat adaptations possibly involving predator-driven selective pressure (yielding substrate-matching camouflage coloration) and a shift from palm-crown to vertebrate-nest microhabitats (yielding smaller bodies and shorter heads and wings). (cdc.gov)
  • The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a scientific, non-profit, 9000-member organization founded in 1915. (eurekalert.org)
  • Because apex predators have powerful effects on other predators, herbivores, and plants, they can be important in nature conservation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of their broad appetite, many spiders play an important role in their communities by regulating the density of other invertebrate herbivores and predators. (sciencefriday.com)
  • I am interested in understanding how plants and their interactors (pollinators, seed predators, herbivores) respond to changing environments. (lu.se)
  • The Timucuan Preserve welcomes proposals for scientific studies designed to increase our understanding of the human and ecological processes and resources in the Preserve. (nps.gov)
  • Understanding how population-level dynamics contribute to ecosystem-level processes is a primary focus of ecological research and has led to important breakthroughs in the ecology of macroscopic organisms. (osti.gov)
  • The diversity of animal acoustic signals has evolved due to multiple ecological processes, both biotic and abiotic. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we discuss how ecological processes drive acoustic community structure, and propose using acoustic communities to track ecological change. (frontiersin.org)
  • Research trying to understand why these changes occur and what we can do about them has mainly focused on ecological processes. (lu.se)
  • However, defensive spines increase mortality in habitats dominated by invertebrate predators ( invertebrate lakes ), which prefer smaller prey . (bvsalud.org)
  • Although there is mounting evidence indicating that the relative timing of predator and prey phenologies determines the outcome of trophic interactions, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how the environmental context (e.g., abiotic conditions) influences this relationship. (nsf.gov)
  • Yet there is a paucity of data on the adaptability of food webs to ecosystem change, including predator-prey interactions. (usgs.gov)
  • A niche simply defines habitat, microhabitat, and physical parameters within the two, as well as diet and feeding strategies, symbiotic relationships (if any), and other functional roles (i.e., its role in predator-prey interactions). (encyclopedia.com)
  • Our results highlight that comparative studies of ontogenetic patterns in antipredator traits might be essential to develop an integrated understanding of predator- prey interactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • An apex predator, also known as a top predator, is a predator at the top of a food chain, without natural predators of its own. (wikipedia.org)
  • The apex predator concept is applied in wildlife management, conservation, and ecotourism. (wikipedia.org)
  • A lake manipulation study found that when the non-native smallmouth bass was removed, lake trout, the suppressed native apex predator, diversified its prey selection and increased its trophic level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are an important subsistence resource for Indigenous people and an apex predator that relies entirely on the under-ice food web to meet their energy needs. (usgs.gov)
  • All signs indicated that this was an apex predator similar to T-Rex, but that would make it one of at least two top-of-the-food-chain dinosaurs known to exist at the time. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • While studies have demonstrated this phenomenon in aquatic environments, the Hebblewhite et al study is one of the first terrestrial, large-scale studies that so clearly exemplifies the strong role played by a top predator. (eurekalert.org)
  • An extensive literature documenting physiological and ecological diversity make Daphnia an ideal model to study the genetic architecture of phenotypic variation in natural populations and the evolution of genome structure/function relationships in aquatic environments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The course contains several components that focus on aquatic ecological and evolutionary theory. (lu.se)
  • To protect themselves from predators they sometimes take shelter in other marine flora and fauna, with this often leading to the establishment of highly specific relationships that may lead to different kinds of symbiosis. (hindawi.com)
  • I found that delaying prey arrival dramatically increased predation rates, but these effects were contingent on environmental conditions and the predator system. (nsf.gov)
  • Correlations between predator and prey demographic rates suggest that this was driven by shifts in initial predator-prey size ratios and a positive feedback between size‐specific predation rates and predator growth rates. (nsf.gov)
  • Predation by raccoons and armadillos poses the greatest risk to turtle nests, and predator control has been identified as the most important management tool for enhancing nesting productivity. (unl.edu)
  • They monitored the establishment and growth of the crops, populations of slugs and slug predators, and evidence of predation on slugs. (naturalnews.com)
  • The ecology of fear from predation has blossomed into a very large literature that explores the non-consumptive effects of predators on prey foraging that can lead to food limitation without food resources being in short supply (e.g. (ubc.ca)
  • Predation is a major factor driving prey trait diversification and promoting ecological speciation. (bvsalud.org)
  • By doing so, the workers may avoid predation by ground predators. (bvsalud.org)
  • The removal of top-level predators, often through human agency, can cause or disrupt trophic cascades. (wikipedia.org)
  • Top-down effects of predators are called trophic cascades. (eurekalert.org)
  • Among the intriguing insect predators of wasps, mantises and dragonflies stand out as aerial assassins. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • The field study found that neonic-treated fields had lower populations of insect predators and high populations of slugs. (naturalnews.com)
  • The study was also one of the first to confirm that insect predators do indeed regulate slug populations. (naturalnews.com)
  • This phenomenon dispels the common belief in the United States that insect predators do not contribute to slug control," Tooker said. (naturalnews.com)
  • New ecologically important areas around Antarctica have been identified based on tracking data from more than 4,000 Antarctic marine predators, according to research published today in Nature . (antarctica.gov.au)
  • Our FEA simulations indicate that Z. varolai exerted an anterior bite force of more than 4000 N and a posterior bite force of more than 10000 N. These values are similar to those estimated for other marine predators known for their powerful bite. (researchgate.net)
  • The study is important for it shows that wind power projects - currently exempt from Environment Impact Assessments - have complex ecological consequences, Shikha Lakhanpal, research scholar at Bengaluru's Ashoka Trust for Ecology and Environment was quoted as saying by The Hindu. (apnlive.com)
  • Because of the diverse expertise required (especially in complex ecological risk assessments), risk assessors and risk managers frequently work in multidisciplinary teams. (slideserve.com)
  • Humans have for many centuries interacted with apex predators including the wolf, birds of prey, and cormorants to hunt game animals, birds, and fish respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Birds, both big and small, are among the most prominent predators of wasps. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • The techniques employed by avian wasp predators are as diverse as the birds themselves. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • Preserving biodiversity and establishing healthy and thriving populations of predator animals are the expressed aims of many wildlife and ecosystem conservation projects and initiatives. (cambridge.org)
  • NaturalNews) The world's most widely used pesticides - already implicated in worldwide declines in pollinator populations - may actually reduce crop yields by wiping out native predators of agricultural pests, suggests a study conducted by researchers from Penn State and the University of South Florida and published in the Journal of Applied Ecology . (naturalnews.com)
  • It also emphasizes that if growers care for these predator populations they can help with slug control. (naturalnews.com)
  • The key to explain population differences must come from resource differences in the broad sense, not food alone but a host of other ecological causal factors that may produce changes in birth and death rates in populations. (ubc.ca)
  • The article concludes that the wolf comprises a complex case for nature conservation initiatives and sustainable reindeer husbandry and that, in practice, it has particular implications compared to other policy approaches to dealing with the problem of animal predators. (cambridge.org)
  • Non-technical summary Investing in stricter biodiversity conservation and wildlife protection to reduce the number of emerging diseases and, consequently, the risk of pandemics such as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), must integrate a social-ecological perspective. (researchgate.net)
  • Our study findings strongly bolster the use of conservation and restoration strategies which are based on the key role of large predators," says Hebblewhite. (eurekalert.org)
  • There are many different ecological constraints that are collected in the literature under the umbrella of 'food limitation' when ecologists try to explain the causes of population changes or conservation problems. (ubc.ca)
  • In this review, we lay out how community bioacoustics (the study of acoustic community structure and dynamics), has value in ecological monitoring and conservation of diverse landscapes and taxa. (frontiersin.org)
  • Next, we highlight how spatiotemporal ecological change is reflected in acoustic community structure, and the potential this presents in monitoring and conservation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Much controversy exists about the ecological and health impacts of intensive salmonids aquaculture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Goulson D, O'Connor S & Park K (2018) The impacts of predators and parasites on wild bumblebee colonies. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Published by Ecological Economics 42 (2002) 469/478. (unl.edu)
  • Spiders are obligate predators, meaning they must eat other animals to stay alive. (sciencefriday.com)
  • Hamilton, for instance, proposed that the aggregation of animals was due to a "selfish" avoidance of a predator and was thus a form of cover-seeking. (wikipedia.org)
  • Food resources could be limiting because of predator avoidance (Brown and Kotler 2007). (ubc.ca)
  • Their distancing behavior might be related to increased predator avoidance and also explain the success of invasive spectacled caimans in the natural habitats of other crocodilians. (lu.se)
  • Referenslista, som gavs i vår förra rapport i mars 2019, och som också i en uppdaterad form inkluderas i denna rapport, visar biofotonikrelaterade publikationer från vår grupp vid SCNU med gemensam affiliering till Lunds Universitet. (lu.se)
  • Allen, M.C., Clinchy, M. & Zanette, L.Y. (2022) Fear of predators in free-living wildlife reduces population growth over generations. (ubc.ca)
  • Beyond these visible predators, parasites and microorganisms play a covert role, hijacking wasps for their own survival or causing fatal infections. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • The 'Areas of Ecological Significance' are located on the Antarctic continental shelf, in the Scotia Sea and surrounding waters, and around the sub-Antarctic islands in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. (antarctica.gov.au)
  • The team found that the location of Areas of Ecological Significance (AES) correspond with the availability of suitable breeding or resting habitat, and regional oceanography and sea ice dynamics that affect how biologically productive the waters are. (antarctica.gov.au)
  • For example, a reduction in the population of sperm whales, apex predators with a fractional trophic level of 4.7, by hunting has caused an increase in the population of the large squid, with trophic level over 4 (carnivores that eat other carnivores). (wikipedia.org)
  • Differing from the extant physeteroids, macroraptorial sperm whales are currently regarded as apex predators of the Miocene seas based on several morphofunctional observations. (researchgate.net)
  • Spinosaurus was able to coexist with other apex predators due to "ecological niche partitioning. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • Here I tested how environmental conditions shape the effects of phenological shifts by experimentally manipulating temperature, nutrient availability, and relative phenologies in two predator-prey freshwater systems (mole salamander-bronze frog vs. dragonfly larvae-leopard frog). (nsf.gov)
  • Only in the system with a strong gape limitation were predators (salamanders) significantly affected by prey arrival time and this effect varied with environmental context. (nsf.gov)
  • These results highlight the importance of accounting for temporal and spatial correlations of local environmental conditions and gape limitation when predicting the effects of phenological shifts and climate change on predator-prey systems. (nsf.gov)
  • Through ESA reports, journals, membership research, and expert testimony to Congress, ESA seeks to promote the responsible application of ecological data and principles to the solution of environmental problems. (eurekalert.org)
  • They increase survival chances and, due to environmental and ecological challenges, may vary substantially even between closely related taxa. (lu.se)
  • Animals constantly process environmental information to carry out routine activities such as locating food, selecting habitat, recognizing mates, finding prey and avoiding predators in ways that maximize fitness. (lu.se)
  • The new taxon represents the oldest Cretaceous diagnostic tyrannosauroid on the continent, extending the definitive record of this clade by ~15 million years, and providing a key datum for untangling evolutionary, paleobiogeographic, and ecological dynamics during a turbulent interval in Earth's history. (nature.com)
  • Apex predators are usually defined in terms of trophic dynamics, meaning that they occupy the highest trophic levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • To date, eco-evolutionary dynamics in the ascent of tyrannosauroids to top predator roles have been obscured by a 70-million-year gap in the North American (NA) record. (nature.com)
  • Acoustic data provides information on the organization, diversity and dynamics of an acoustic community, and thus enables study of ecological change and turnover in a non-intrusive way. (frontiersin.org)
  • Allometry of Defense: Predator Shift Alters Ontogenetic Growth Patterns in an Antipredator Trait. (bvsalud.org)
  • In our exploration of the world of wasp predators, we'll delve into the diverse array of creatures that consider wasps a part of their diet. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • Mantises and dragonflies, masters of stealth and precision, are skilled wasp predators. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • This unexpected adaptation demonstrates the adaptability and resourcefulness of nature's predators, even in environments where the presence of wasps might seem unlikely. (insecta-inspecta.com)
  • Predator responses varied qualitatively across predator-prey systems. (nsf.gov)
  • With lowered anti-predator responses, the reptiles let researchers approach to within 3 m before running away (normally, they flee if intruders approach to within 15 m). (apnlive.com)
  • The National Park Service welcomes your interest in considering Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve for your research site. (nps.gov)
  • This fee is used to support the cost of excursions, accommodations, food and fees associated with visiting research facilities where final projects are devised, and data are collected in the field (e.g., at the SUNY-ESF Adirondaks Ecological Center in Newcomb, New York). (mcgill.ca)
  • The planktonic microcrustacean Daphnia pulex is among the best-studied animals in ecological, toxicological and evolutionary research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, comparative studies that examine how different predators shape the ontogenetic growth of antipredator traits are scarce. (bvsalud.org)
  • Which ecological factors shape the evolution of these traits? (lu.se)
  • Assessors evaluate exposure to stressors and the relationship between stressor levels and ecological effects. (slideserve.com)
  • 4. Ecological Effects? (slideserve.com)
  • Characterization of S. damnosum s.l. from six river-systems in Kenya using ecological parameters and cellulose acetate electrophoresis / Yemane Mebrahtu. (who.int)
  • 2021) who provide an incisive review of cause and effect in ecological experiments. (ubc.ca)
  • Apex predators have a long evolutionary history, dating at least to the Cambrian period when animals such as Anomalocaris dominated the seas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Without predators, prey animals would overpopulate and eventually starve. (cbc-network.org)
  • These proposed functions may be grouped into the four following categories: social and genetic, anti-predator, enhanced foraging, and increased locomotion efficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several anti-predator functions of animal aggregations have been proposed. (wikipedia.org)
  • A second potential anti-predator effect of animal aggregations is the "many eyes" hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Non-native predatory fish, for instance, have sometimes devastated formerly dominant predators. (wikipedia.org)
  • Long- and short-term temporal variability in habitat selection of a top predator. (isleroyalewolf.org)
  • They're a natural predator, and every ecological system needs natural predators. (thegardenisland.com)
  • Although the presence of people in the Bow Valley area also kept away other large predators, such as grizzly bears, Hebblewhite and colleagues believe their large-scale natural experiment demonstrates a wolf-driven cascade effect. (eurekalert.org)
  • This association protects the polychaete from the predators during displacement from its natural habitat. (hindawi.com)
  • It is natural and necessary to maintain proper ecological balances. (cbc-network.org)
  • A firm tap on the back of the carrier was all it took Friday for the 15-pound (6.8-kilogram) bobcat to bolt down the trail and vanish among the palmetto fronds on Jekyll Island, where park staffers had made extra efforts to save one of the island's rarest predators after hikers found the wild cat lying paralyzed nearly two weeks earlier. (thegardenisland.com)