Precursor cells cytotoxic t cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

This is due to the fact that most tumors are positive for MHC class I but negative for MHC class II, and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are able to induce tumor killing upon direct recognition of peptide antigens presented by the tumor's MHC class I molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Natural-killer (NK) cells are specialized lymphocytes that have cytotoxic properties in addition to their ability to produce cytokines that assist in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. (medscape.com)
The adaptive immune system consists of 2 types of lymphocytes: T cells (70-75% of the adaptive immune force) and B cells (10-20% of the adaptive immune force). (medscape.com)
First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Regulate and enhance the immune function of human body cell, to mitogen activated T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of mature, increase T cells in various antigen or mitogen activated all sorts of lymphatic factor (such as: alpha and gamma interferon, interleukin 2 or interleukin 3) secretion, increase the level of T cells in lymphoid factor receptor. (snbiopharm.com)
Granzyme B is a member of the granzyme family of the serine proteases found specifically in the cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells (1, 2). (rndsystems.com)
It may increase tumor infiltration by lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. (medscape.com)
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may have greater tumoricidal activity than LAK cells. (msdmanuals.com)

If the collaborative requirement of Lyt 1 T helper cells is bypassed by the Lyt 1 T cell-derived mediator of T help, termed I1-2, upon antigenic stimulation, PNA + Lyt 123 thymocytes differentiate into either alloreactive or H-2-restricted PNA - Lyt 23 cytotoxic effector cells. (psu.edu)
Along the differentiation pathway from Lyt 123 → 23 effector cells, cytolytic activity is carried out by T cells that still express the Lyt 123 phenotype. (psu.edu)
In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells are directly infused and are not induced within the patient. (msdmanuals.com)
In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)

However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
Despite features of memory and somewhat restrained proliferation during the expansion phase, this subset displayed evidence of stronger TCR signaling than other responding CD8 + T cells, coupled with elevated expression of multiple inhibitory receptors including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), CD5, and CD160. (wustl.edu)
Reduction of CYP1B1 levels fail to prevent in vitro tumorigenicity such as proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression of RCC cells. (oncotarget.com)
Acute myeloid leukemia is an aggressive malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of immature myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking methylation of deoxyuridylic acid and inhibiting thymidylate synthetase and, subsequently, cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
Childhood cancer corresponds to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of atypical cells, which may occur anywhere in the body 1 . (bvsalud.org)

The complex is thought to regulate Ig gene rearrangements in the early steps of B-cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
Moreover, the data indicate a role for inhibitory receptors in preserving key memory CD8 + T cell precursors during initial activation and differentiation. (wustl.edu)
The data establish that Lyt 23 CTL are produced by differentiation from antecedent Lyt 123 cells. (psu.edu)
They also assist in the maturation and differentiation of cytotoxic T cells, which directly kill infected cells. (restonyc.com)
function of proliferative responses provoked in the induction cell products favor immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, phase of contact allergy, the murine local lymph node assay serving as growth and differentiation factors for mast cells and (LLNA), has been accepted as a stand-alone method for skin eosinophils, the cellular effectors of the clinical manifestations of sensitization testing (NIH, 1999). (cdc.gov)

Evidence for intrathymic maturation of clonally distinct self-major histocompatibility complex- and allo-major histocompatiblilty complex-restricted virus-specific T cells. (silverchair.com)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which accounts for 15-20% of all leukemias in childhood, belongs to a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic malignancies of monoclonal origin, which result from the malignant transformation of a stem cell. (bvsalud.org)
These neoplasms can manifest with a myeloid, erythroid, or platelet precursor phenotype, or a combination thereof 5 . (bvsalud.org)
[ 1 ] ETP-ALL frequently has mutations in RUNX1 and/or ETV6 in addition to genes that are more commonly associated with myeloid neoplasms and are otherwise rare in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (such as FLT3 , IDH1/2 , TET2 , and DNMT3A mutations). (medscape.com)

NK cells are specialized effectors of the innate immune system that destroy their targets by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, have prominent antitumor effects, and are potent killers of virally infected cells. (medscape.com)
In the present study, we demonstrated trifluoroselenomethionine, a new non-natural amino acid with enhanced methioninase-induced cytotoxicity toward human colon cancer cells. (usda.gov)
TFSeM shows enhanced methioninase-induced cytotoxicity toward human colon cancer derived HCT- 116 cells compared to selenomethionine (SeM). (usda.gov)
Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
The functional relevance of CD33 expression levels was shown by faster lysis kinetics of CD33 BRIGHT versus CD33 DIM AML cell lines and primary AML cells in ex-vivo cytotoxicity assays. (biomedcentral.com)
The cytotoxicity observed on TiO2 treatment was differed with cell type of the airway niche and particle size. (cdc.gov)

Even though CD4+ T cells are known to play a central role in regulating virtually all antigen-specific immune responses, the role they play in immune responses to tumor antigens has not been widely studied compared to that of CD8+ T cells. (wikipedia.org)
The generation of receptors specific for antigens is a unique and complex process that generates 10 12 specific receptors for each cell type of the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells. (medscape.com)
Various cell types can process and present these antigens to T cells, or antigens may be soluble and bound to B-cell receptors. (medscape.com)
CAR-expression on T or NK cells allows them to specifically target cancer cells via recognition of tumor associated antigens. (nature.com)
The addition of separate adapter molecules (AMs) specific for tumor antigens and CAR-immune cells targeting these AMs allows a more precise and temporally limited therapy. (nature.com)
These cells are armed with the ability to recognize specific antigens presented on the surface of infected cells. (restonyc.com)
During this process, T cells acquire specific receptors that allow them to recognize and respond to antigens presented on infected cells. (restonyc.com)
In contrast, killer T cells directly target and kill infected cells that present specific antigens on their surface. (restonyc.com)
Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)

Differential cyclophosphamide sensitivity of precursor cells in allogeneic and H-2 restricted cytotoxic responses. (rupress.org)
These results suggest that the precursor cells for H-2-restricted cytotoxic responses belong to a different T-cell subpopulation than the precursor cells for allogeneic responses. (rupress.org)
Several cancer vaccine approaches induce durable CD4+ T cell responses and have promising clinical activity. (wikipedia.org)
The novel monitoring methodology used in this MAGE-3 study established that protein vaccination induces clear CD4+ T cell responses for further evaluating integrated immune responses in vaccine settings and for optimizing these responses for clinical benefit. (wikipedia.org)
While several lines of evidence suggest a protective role of T cells against disease associated with Dengue virus (DENV) infection, their potential contribution to immunopathology in the acute phase of DENV infection remains controversial, and it has been hypothesized that the more severe form of the disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF) is associated with altered T cell responses. (mdpi.com)
NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
T-T cell interactions during in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. (silverchair.com)
Conclusions Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
Although central memory phenotype CD8 + T cells were formed in the absence of these cells, subsequent memory CD8 + T cell recall responses were compromised. (wustl.edu)
Helper T cells, also known as CD4+ T cells, are crucial for orchestrating and coordinating immune responses. (restonyc.com)
Trained immunity of natural killer (NK) cells has shown great potential in the treatment of cancers by eliciting enhanced effector responses to restimulation by cytokines or cancer cells for long time periods after preactivation. (cancerbiomed.org)
The primary human airway bronchial epithelial cells exposed to nanoparticle s elicit high levels of neurotrophins, which has a significant role in modulating the cell cycle, cell proliferations and inflammatory responses. (cdc.gov)

CD4+ T cells promote anti-tumor immunity through numerous mechanisms, including enhancing antigen presentation, co-stimulation, T cell homing, T cell activation, and effector function. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Clinical vaccination studies using full-length recombinant proteins have the advantage that this form of antigen potentially includes the full range of epitopes for CD4+ and CD8+ T T cells. (wikipedia.org)
Binding of complement to a foreign substance, or antigen, amplifies and augments the body's innate immune system by means of its role as an opsonin (a factor that enhances phagocytosis of unwanted particles) and as a chemoattractant (a factor that recruits cells to areas of inflammation). (medscape.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies are on the verge of becoming powerful immunotherapeutic tools for combating hematological diseases confronted with pressing medical needs. (nature.com)
Besides modification based on a second-generation CAR, more advanced CAR-immune cell therapeutics are being tested, which utilize precise insertion of genes to circumvent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or employ a dual targeting approach and adapter CARs in order to avoid therapy resistance caused by antigen loss. (nature.com)
One way to achieve this is to genetically modify immune cells, mainly T cells and recently also natural killer (NK) cells, to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). (nature.com)
Binding of a tumor antigen via the scFv activates the T cell in a major histocompatibility-independent manner which leads to a cytotoxic response [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
Furthermore, the so-called adapter CARs have been developed by splitting antigen recognition and CAR-immune cell activation. (nature.com)
Accordingly, long-lived memory precursor effector T cells and antigen-specific T cells were increased by PD-1 blockade in intracranial lesions. (bvsalud.org)
T cells primarily interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. (restonyc.com)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
The most frequently used engagers are antibodies targeting one tumor antigen and one molecule on T cells (mostly CD3). (msdmanuals.com)

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that express neurotransmitter receptors. (nature.com)
The diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCR) plays a key role in the adaptive immune response to infections. (elifesciences.org)
NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

These LL37-specific autoimmune T cells produce Th17 cytokines which, on one hand, elicit the psoriatic phenotype and, on the other hand, sustain the antimicrobial peptide expression by keratinocytes, providing a feedback loop that perpetuates skin inflammation in psoriasis. (chuv.ch)
The T-cell phenotype accounts for more than 80% of cases, with the remainder of B-cell origin. (medscape.com)

Spleen cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice responded in vitro to allogeneic stimulator cells but not to TNP-coupled syngeneic spleen cells. (rupress.org)
Similarly, cells from female mice, primed in vivo with syngeneic male cells, could not respond in vitro to male spleen cell stimulation if the mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide. (rupress.org)
Most of the seminal studies on the regulatory mechanisms of autophagosome biogenesis were conducted on Saccharomyces cerevisiae or culture cells in vitro ( Hamasaki and Yoshimori, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
The cell line derived xenograft mouse model was established to confirm the results of the in vitro experiments. (biomedcentral.com)

furthermore, recent reports suggest that immunization (using either adjuvant or dendritic cells with pure tumor peptides) can result in productive anti-tumor immunity that is restricted by MHC class I. Finally, elimination of CD8+ T cells from mice at least partially abrogates anti-tumor immunity induced by most cancer vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
Other cellular components of the innate immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells. (medscape.com)

instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
Background CD8 + T cells are a highly diverse population of cells with distinct phenotypic functions that can influence immunotherapy outcomes. (bmj.com)
Further insights on the roles of CD8 + specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
Clinical experience with Blinatumomab in ALL and ex-vivo activity of AMG 330 in primary AML samples supports further development of BiTE ® antibodies for targeted T cell-mediated immunotherapy of patients with malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)
Passive cellular immunotherapy references A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer. (msdmanuals.com)

citation needed] In contrast, of eight patients from the second cohort vaccinated with MAGE-3 protein and adjuvant, seven developed high-titered antibodies to MAGE-3, and four had a strong concomitant CD4+ T cell response to HLA-DP4-restricted peptide 243-258. (wikipedia.org)
BiTE ® antibodies are novel recombinant single chain Ig domain constructs that leverage the endogenous cytotoxic potential of polyclonal T cells to target malignant cells by utilizing the specific binding properties of variable domains from two different antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
Helper T cells stimulate B cells to produce antibodies, which are essential for neutralizing pathogens. (restonyc.com)
Cellular immunity refers to the immune response mediated by cells rather than by antibodies. (restonyc.com)
The primary function of T cells is to aid the immune response by stimulating B cells to produce antibodies and activating cytotoxic T cells. (restonyc.com)
As reported with other monoclonal antibodies, life-threatening reactions can potentially result from massive release of cytokines, and blinatumomab also causes B-cell depletion, leading to further decreases in immunoglobulin levels, and thus increasing the risk for infections, he writes. (medscape.com)
OVERVIEW - Biologic therapies that can increase the risk of infectious diseases include antithymocyte globulin, monoclonal antibodies to T and B cells, anticytokine therapies, agents that disrupt T cell costimulation signals, and agents that interfere with T cell inhibitory (checkpoint) signals. (medilib.ir)
T-cell engagers are bispecific antibodies that recruit cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
While IAEMH is associated with severe anaemia due to intravascular haemolysis caused by red cell invasion, oxidative injury, auto-antibodies, and/or pathogen-haem interaction, IAIMH is associated with haemophagocytic tri-lineage destruction of haematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow. (bvsalud.org)

Functional characterization of high and low avidity GSW11-specific CD8 + T cells was conducted using flow cytometry and bulk RNA-seq. (bmj.com)
Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the cell apoptosis levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Usefulness of flow cytometry for differential diagnosis of precursor and peripheral T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas: analysis of 490 cases. (medscape.com)

It also enhances the lymphocyte response by activating t-helper cells. (snbiopharm.com)

Frequency analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in chimeric mice. (silverchair.com)

Osteoclasts are specialized as the only bone-resorbing cell type and increased numbers are implicated in the development of bone loss-accompanied diseases such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteosarcoma, and bone cancer metastases [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Both T cells and killer T cells originate from the same precursor cells in the bone marrow. (restonyc.com)
most of the neutrophils in the body are contained in the bone marrow, either as mitotically active (one third) or postmitotic mature cells (two thirds). (medscape.com)
This is an important study, and ultimately, I think our goal is to overcome the use of chemotherapy and radiation, which can destroy healthy cells along with malignant ones," commented Catherine Bollard, MD, MBChB, a bone and marrow transplant specialist at George Washington University/Children's National Medical Health System, Washington, DC. (medscape.com)
Among the leukemias, the most prevalent type is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is characterized by accumulation of immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow 2,3 and accounts for roughly 80% of all cases of leukemia in childhood. (bvsalud.org)

There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
High avidity T cells (Tet hi ), if present, were only found in progressing PD-1 refractory tumors. (bmj.com)
Recent studies revealed that nano-sized TiO2 can cause inflammatory response in airways of rats and mice, fibrosis or lung tumors in rats and DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts and human lymphoblastoid cells. (cdc.gov)

Most CAR-T cell-based gene therapy products that are under clinical evaluation consist of autologous enriched T cells, whereas CAR-NK cell-based approaches can be generated from allogeneic donors. (nature.com)
A third of these patients subsequently underwent allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
The study reported by Dr Topp and colleagues enrolled 189 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative, primary refractory or relapsed disease (first relapse within 12 months of first remission, relapse within 12 months after allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, or no response to or relapse after first salvage therapy or beyond). (medscape.com)
Successful use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for treatment-refractory mycosis fungoides]. (medscape.com)

To evaluate the mechanism of TiO2 mediated toxicity, the bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to TiO2 (10 microg/mL) and the apoptosis and necrosis were measured. (cdc.gov)

The specificity of T-cells is determined by the T-cell receptor (TCR), a heterodimer of alpha and beta protein chains. (elifesciences.org)
V. Precursor frequencies and specificity of alloreactive helper T cells. (silverchair.com)
This process theoretically provides a line of T cells with greater tumor specificity than those obtained from the blood. (msdmanuals.com)
TAAs) with high specificity to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Glucocorticoids are predominantly influence cellular metabolism and have immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and vasoconstrictive effects, whereas mineralocorticoids regulate electrolytes and water balance by affecting ion transport in the epithelial cells of the renal tubules. (nova.edu)
Hedgehog ligand-expressing cancerous epithelial cells that are activated by the hedgehog signaling pathway may cause growth-promotion. (medscape.com)
Fate of airway epithelial cells exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticle s: NGF regulated apoptotic death. (cdc.gov)

Similarly, a critical role for CD4+ T cells in induced anti-tumor immunity has been consistently demonstrated in vaccine/challenge experiments employing antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ T cells or using CD4-knockout mice. (wikipedia.org)
Of nine patients in the first cohort, three developed marginal antibody titers and another one had a CD8+ T cell response to HLA-A2-restricted peptide MAGE-3 271-279. (wikipedia.org)
T-cells play a crucial role in the immune response to pathogens by mediating antibody formation and clearance of infected cells, and by defining an overall response strategy. (elifesciences.org)
Classical " CARs consist of an extracellular binding domain mostly derived from a monoclonal antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment-scFv), which is linked to intracellular binding domains of the T-cell receptor complex. (nature.com)
The most advanced BiTE ® antibody, Blinatumomab, directs cytotoxic T cells to CD19-expressing target cells. (biomedcentral.com)

CAR-modified immune cells are expanded until sufficient cell numbers are attained and are adoptively transferred into the patient to fight malignant cells. (nature.com)
Prior to infusion of the CAR-modified immune cells, lymphodepletion is performed in most therapeutic settings to allow efficient cell engraftment [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
Insoluble amyloid also stimulates innate immune cells to elicit cytokine response and inflammation. (longdom.org)
They play a central role in the activation of other immune cells, such as B cells and cytotoxic T cells. (restonyc.com)
Both types of T cells express certain surface markers that help identify and distinguish them from other immune cells. (restonyc.com)
They recognize antigenic peptides presented by these APCs and provide assistance in activating other immune cells. (restonyc.com)
However, blinatumomab's dependence on circulating immune cells may limit the ability to combine it with myelosuppressive therapies, Dr Thomas notes. (medscape.com)

This condition arises from immature T cells in more than 80% of cases and immature B cells in the remainder of cases. (medscape.com)

The resulting diverse naïve repertoire contains T-cell clones that recognize epitopes of yet unseen pathogens, and can participate in the immune response to infection or vaccination. (elifesciences.org)
The human immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens and foreign invaders. (restonyc.com)
Moreover, helper T cells help regulate the overall immune response, striking a balance between an effective defense against pathogens and preventing excessive immune reactions. (restonyc.com)
Cytotoxic T cells, also called killer T cells or CD8+ T cells, are specialized in identifying and destroying cells that have been infected by viruses or other intracellular pathogens. (restonyc.com)
By directly killing infected cells, cytotoxic T cells help eliminate the source of infection and prevent the spreading of pathogens. (restonyc.com)
They actively participate in identifying and eliminating infected or abnormal cells, contributing to the defense against various pathogens. (restonyc.com)
In general, infections with common bacterial pathogens may become more frequent with agents targeting the B cell system, whereas intracellular pathogens, including opportunistic microbes, are often seen in treatment that is more focused on T cell immunity. (medilib.ir)

Tet lo demonstrated precursor exhausted or progenitor T cell phenotypes marked by higher expression of Tcf-1 and T-bet, and lower expression of the exhaustion markers CD39, PD-1 and Eomes compared with Tet hi , whereas Tet hi cells were terminally exhausted. (bmj.com)
However, the progenitor cells consist of T cells isolated from resected tumor tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)

Blinatumomab has shown anti-leukemia activity in adult relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-precursor ALL. (biomedcentral.com)
The results seen with the recently approved novel agent blinatumomab ( Blincyto , Amgen Inc) are "notable," say authors reporting a trial in which monotherapy produced complete remission in almost half of patients with relapses or refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (medscape.com)
The drug was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative precursor B-cell ALL who have relapsed or who were refractory to previous treatment. (medscape.com)

These cells were a quantitatively minor subpopulation of the TCF-1 + pool and exhibited self-renewal, heightened DNA damage surveillance activity, and preferential long-term recall capacity. (wustl.edu)
Identification of this rare subpopulation within the memory CD8 + T cell precursor pool may help reconcile models of the developmental origin of long-term CD8 + T cell memory. (wustl.edu)

Normally, potentially malignant cells are continuously eliminated by the immune system, but cancer cells can accumulate certain mutations, which allow them to escape these mechanisms [ 2 ]. (nature.com)
however, direct antiproliferative effects against malignant cells and modulation of host immune response may be important. (medscape.com)

Animal studies have shown that LAK cells are more effective against cancer cells than are the original endogenous T cells, presumably because of their greater number. (msdmanuals.com)

CD4+ T cells has already been successfully induced in non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients vaccinated with MAGE-3 recombinant protein. (wikipedia.org)
None-the-less, when two different mutants of the protein GB1 were expressed in the E. Coli methionine auxotroph cell line B834(DE3) using TFSeM and methionine in a 9:1 ratio, it was found that, surprisingly, 90% of the proteins were composed of SeM, even though no SeM had been added, implying loss of the trifluoromethyl group from TFSeM. (usda.gov)
The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed selectively at the early stages of B cell development, namely, in proB and early preB cells. (nih.gov)
Shortchain pentraxins, which include both SAP and C-reactive protein (CRP), are pattern recognition molecules that bind to diverse ligands and promote the clearance of microbes and cell debris. (longdom.org)
Morphological transformation studies have failed to demonstrate a viral oncogene, a virus-coded transforming protein or any sequence of DNA that uniquely transforms cells according to one-hit kinetics. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The silkworm larvae infected with the recombinant virus produced 3·6 mg of the fusion protein per larva and the infected BM-N cells produced 0·3 mg per ml of culture. (microbiologyresearch.org)
IGF II was released from the fusion protein produced by BM-N cells infected with the recombinant virus by CNBr treatment, purified by extraction with guanidine-HCl, column chromatography and HPLC and the correct amino-terminal amino acid sequence confirmed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
CD19 is a protein expressed on the surface of B-cell-derived ALLs and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. (medscape.com)
Scaffolds' structure, cells morphology, and protein presence in the membranes were examined with a scanning electron microscope. (pan.pl)
Obtained results showed higher cell activity and protein content for PES scaffolds than for PLLA. (pan.pl)
Despite high protein expression and enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) in renal cell cancer (RCC), its functional significance has not been elucidated. (oncotarget.com)
Different from the APL cells, most non-APL AML cells express low levels of the ATO transporter Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) protein, making them less sensitive to ATO treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knock-out of VPREB1 gene induces a cytotoxic effect in myeloma cells. (nih.gov)

While most adoptive transfer experiments have been performed with tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, activated CD4+ T cell clones specific for the murine leukemia virus have been demonstrated to confer systemic anti-tumor immunity upon transfer into tumor-bearing hosts. (wikipedia.org)

Once a cytotoxic T cell identifies an infected cell, it releases cytotoxic substances, such as perforin and granzymes, which induce cell death in the target cell. (restonyc.com)

This mechanism activates skin pDC but also other cell types such as conventional DC, monocytes ( Chamilos et al . (chuv.ch)

In addition, this product may affect chemotaxis of NK precursor cells, which become more cytotoxic after exposure to interferon. (snbiopharm.com)

Renal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for 2-3% of all tumor malignancies in human. (oncotarget.com)

G-CSF upregulated the expression of AQP9 and enhanced the intracellular concentrations of ATO in AML cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The assembly of misfolded proteins into amyloid fibrils involves an intermediate form, i.e., soluble amyloid precursor (AP), which exerts cytotoxic function. (longdom.org)

One patient simultaneously developed CD8+ T cells to HLA-A1-restricted peptide 168-176. (wikipedia.org)
We discovered that one of these antimicrobial peptide called LL37 not only triggers innate immune activation but also acts as an epidermal autoantigen targeted by autoimmune T cells in psoriasis Lande et al . (chuv.ch)
Human Granzyme B is synthesized as a precursor (247 residues) with a signal peptide (residues 1-18), a pro peptide (residues 19-20), and a mature chain (residues 21-247) (4-6). (rndsystems.com)

The nature of the underlying disease process - For example, a patient who is given an immunosuppressive drug shortly after undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation for malignancy may be at greater risk than a patient receiving the same drug for chronic, stable rheumatologic disease. (medilib.ir)

Abrogation of anti-tumor immunity in CD4-knockout mice or mice depleted of CD4+ T cells has been demonstrated in cases of cell-based vaccines, recombinant viral vaccines and recombinant bacterial vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
Trifluoromethionine and selenomethionine are of interest as prodrugs (again cancer and bacterial infection), affording cytotoxic trifluoromethanethiol and methylselenol, respectively. (usda.gov)

Nascent transformed cells elicit NK cell activation and are eliminated. (frontiersin.org)

Among T cells, there are different subtypes, including helper T cells and killer T cells, also known as cytotoxic T cells. (restonyc.com)
There are three main subtypes of T cells: helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells. (restonyc.com)
Although several subtypes of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma exist, early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) is the only subtype recognized as an entity in the revised 2016 WHO tumor classification. (medscape.com)
Non-ETP subtypes of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, in contrast, are associated with activating NOTCH1 mutations in over half of all patients and an additional 10% to 15% of cases have FBXW7 mutations, which also result in increased NOTCH signaling. (medscape.com)

Although antilymphocyte serum was used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in T-cell and B-cell lymphomas, resulting in temporary decreases in lymphocyte counts or lymph node size, newer humoral immunotherapeutic modalities have been developed. (msdmanuals.com)
Lymphoblastic leukemias/lymphomas are neoplasms of precursor T cells and B cells or lymphoblasts. (medscape.com)
Update on erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: report of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas. (medscape.com)
The spectrum of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: new insights into biology and therapy. (medscape.com)

Innate immunity resides in the skin, mucous membranes, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, complement system, and a select group of cells that possess cytotoxic capabilities. (medscape.com)
We have identified the factors that activate skin pDC and uncovered a fundamental function of cationic antimicrobial peptides in breaking innate tolerance to self-nucleic acids released by dying cells and activate skin pDC ( Lande et al . (chuv.ch)

A limiting dilution assay was used to determine the frequencies of T cells that could be induced to proliferate and kill by Con A and TCGF. (elsevierpure.com)
The frequencies in the same cell populations of lectin-dependent killer cell precursors were 1 in 5 and 1 in 9, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)

Estimating the fraction of the T-cell response directed against the single immunodominant epitope, we identify the sequence features of TCRs that define the high precursor frequency of the two major TCR motifs specific for this particular epitope. (elifesciences.org)
We analyzed clinical data to evaluate the frequency of intracranial progression in advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD-1 blockade therapies compared with those treated without PD-1 blockade therapies, and found that the frequency of intracranial progression in advanced NSCLC patients treated with PD-1 blockade therapies was significantly lower than that in patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapies. (bvsalud.org)
Frequency analysis of alloantigen-restricted, trinitrophenyl-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors within thymocytes of normal mice. (silverchair.com)
Tetramer staining was performed to determine the frequency and avidity of CD8 + T cells targeting the tumor-specific epitope GSW11 and confirmed with tetramer competition assays. (bmj.com)
The frequency of proliferating cells was 1 in 5 nylon wool-purified spleen cells and 1 in 7 normal lymph node cells. (elsevierpure.com)

Additionally, cytotoxic T cells express CD8 on their surface, which is crucial for their interaction with infected cells. (restonyc.com)

Lately, CAR-NK cell therapies have also come into focus as novel therapeutic options to address hurdles related to CAR-T cell therapies, such as therapy-induced side effects. (nature.com)
In this review, we are going to take a closer look at the commercial CAR-T cell therapies, as well as on CAR-T and CAR-NK cell products, which are currently under evaluation in clinical trials, that are being conducted in Germany. (nature.com)
Clinical trials of LAK cells in humans are ongoing but this approach has not gained widespread use and is generally considered less effective than other cell therapies. (msdmanuals.com)
Emerging new therapies for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (medscape.com)

It has also been reported that unprocessed NGF precursor, proNGF, binds p75NTR preferentially over trkA, and this selective binding of proNGF to p75NTR leads to apoptotic death of cells. (cdc.gov)

Compared with using ATO alone, the combination of G-CSF with ATO induced the cell apoptosis more dramatically. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, it seems likely that optimal anti-tumor activity can only be achieved if both CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-specific T cells are induced. (wikipedia.org)
Afterwards, many responding cells going through a conherent cycle to produce specific immunity. (pharmacology2000.com)
Results Treatment success with anti-PD-1 was associated with the preferential expansion of low avidity (Tet lo ) GSW11-specific CD8 + T cells with Vβ TCR expressing clonotypes. (bmj.com)
These agents selectively target cells and pathways of the immune system to achieve specific therapeutic effects and are used primarily in the treatment of rheumatic, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. (medilib.ir)
This experimental system can be used for estimating the repertoires of specific CTL-precursors activated by Con A and expanded in TCGF. (elsevierpure.com)
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for basal cell carcinomas is the process of using specific wavelengths of light to photoexcite porphyrins that have been applied to neoplastic and preneoplastic cells. (medscape.com)

The transformed cells are, however, all oncogenic in the host animal and in immunocompetent mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Blinatumomab is the first of a novel class of drugs known as bispecific T-cell engagers and is designed to direct cytotoxic T cells to CD19-expressing cancer cells. (medscape.com)

Mutational Analysis of the VPREB1 Gene of Pre-BCR Complex in a Cohort of Sporadic Pediatric Patients With B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. (nih.gov)
however, because lymphoblastic lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are known to represent the same disease entity, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification has unified these entities as precursor B-cell and T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. (medscape.com)
RUNX1-positive leukemia cells in preclinical models. (lu.se)

citation needed] Studies have indicated that CD4+ T cells in vivo have the capacity to enhance CD8+ T cell activity and, most importantly, help to maintain the immune response for sustained periods of time. (wikipedia.org)
To simulate the natural setting of target and T cells in AML patients, a long-term culture system was developed that supports the growth of primary AML cells ex-vivo for up to 5 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
In the in vivo experiment, SE was effective in the treatment of infection after only two days of treatment and was more effective than E and amphotericin B. The S. nitens is active against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the antifungal potential is being enhanced after incorporation into liquid crystal precursor systems (LCPS). (who.int)

Anatomy40

Organisms21

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs109

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Lymphocytes8

Effector cells5

Proliferation6

Differentiation5

Maturation1

Myeloid3

Cytotoxicity6

Antigens9

Responses12

Antigen12

Receptors5

Phenotype2

Vitro4

Dendritic cells2

Immunotherapy6

Antibodies9

Flow cytometry3

Lymphocyte response1

Chimeric1

Bone5

Tumors4

Allogeneic4

Toxicity1

Specificity4

Epithelial cells3

Antibody5

Immune cells8

Immature1

Pathogens7

Progenitor2

Cytokines1

Refractory3

Subpopulation2

Malignant cells2

Endogenous1

Protein13

Myeloma1

Murine1

Identifies1

Monocytes1

Interferon1

Malignancies1

Intracellular1

Soluble1

Peptide3

Malignancy1

Bacterial2

Elicit1

Subtypes4

Lymphomas4

Innate2

Frequencies2

Frequency5

Additionally1

Therapies4

Selective1

Apoptosis1

Specific6

Mice1

Bispecific T cell1

Leukemia3

Vivo3