PhosphatidylglycerolMitochondrialSynthasePhosphatidic acidPhospholipidsMolecules involvedDephosphorylationCytosolicProteinInactiveCellFormPresenceEssentialCellsProductPhospholipid biosynthesisSynthesisMitochondrial FunctionEnzymePathwaysMetabolitesMembranesPhosphatidylglycerolsMechanismProteinsFunctionTransport
Phosphatidylglycerol6
- Phosphatidylglycerol combines with CDP-DAG forming cardiolipin releasing CMP by the action of cardiolipin synthase. (wikipedia.org)
- In eukaryotic mitochondria phosphatidylglycerol is converted to cardiolipin by reacting with a molecule of cytidine diphosphate diglyceride in a reaction catalyzed by cardiolipin synthase (Hostetler KY, van den Bosch H, van Deenen LL. (wikipedia.org)
- Phosphatidate can be converted to CDP-diacylglycerol which is the precursor for the acidic phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol, or it can be converted to diacylglycerol (DG) by dephosphorylation. (aocs.org)
- In Vivo and in Vitro Synthesis of Phosphatidylglycerol by an Escherichia coli Cardiolipin Synthase. (duke.edu)
- This strain produced triglycerides (TG) as well as four common phospholipids: phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin (CL) and lysocardiolipin (LCL). (nature.com)
- The resulting CDP-diacylglycerol can be utilized immediately for the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and thence cardiolipin (CL), and of phosphatidylinositol (PI). (ymdb.ca)
Mitochondrial3
- Two phosphatidylglycerols form cardiolipin, the constituent molecule of the mitochondrial inner membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- However, apoptosis can also be initiated by GNLY, due to the presence of cardiolipin in mitochondrial membranes which allows GNLY to create pores in the membrane and causing a release of molecules like cytochrome c, which also leads to apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
- The fluorescence of the single tryptophan residue at position 59 in apocytochrome c , the biosynthetic precursor of the inner mitochondrial membrane protein cytochrome c , was studied in small unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with or without specifically Br-labelled acyl chains at the sn -2 position. (ornine.best)
Synthase3
- In stationary phase, cardiolipin synthase activity has been observed to increase approximately 10-fold in the Gram-negative model organism Escherichia coli , suggesting CL is an essential membrane component to cope with starvation 4 . (nature.com)
- In E. coli glycerophospholipid metabolism, The biosynthesis of CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG) involves condensation of phosphatidic acid (PA) and cytidine triphosphate, with elimination of pyrophosphate, catalysed by the enzyme CDP-diacylglycerol synthase. (ymdb.ca)
- He enjoys an international reputation for his research on phospholipases A, cardiolipin biosynthesis in eukaryotes, lysophospholipases, phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis for lung surfactant, plasmalogen biosynthesis in peroxisomes, diagnosis of peroxisomal disorders and most recently his work on alkyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase. (ornine.best)
Phosphatidic acid1
- Furthermore, two intermediates in this pathway, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol, serve as essential precursors for the synthesis of phospholipids. (aocs.org)
Phospholipids2
- Diacylglycerol is the direct precursor for the production of the zwitterionic phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (Fig. 1 ). (aocs.org)
- The molecule's positive charge allows for binding to phospholipids and cardiolipin, both of which can be found as epitopes on the surfaces of pathogens, and its 2nd and 3rd helices are principle players in lysing foreign or infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
Molecules involved1
- Therefore, the molecules involved in the cell wall biosynthesis of TB bacilli have been considered as important anti-TB drug targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Dephosphorylation1
- The enzyme that catalyzes dephosphorylation of phosphatidate is called phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP), or lipin, and this is an important branch point in glycerolipid biosynthesis. (aocs.org)
Cytosolic1
- Lipins are cytosolic phosphatidate phosphatases (PAPs) involved in the glycerolipid biosynthesis pathway. (aocs.org)
Protein1
- It is expressed in 2 forms: a 15kDa precursor protein, the translation product, and a 9kDa cytotoxic protein, which is formed after cleavage of the amino and carbonyl ends of the 15kDa protein. (wikipedia.org)
Inactive1
- The 15 kDa GNLY was originally thought to function exclusively as an inactive precursor of antimicrobial 9 kDa GNLY, however this hypothesis has been recently challenged. (wikipedia.org)
Cell2
- This study aimed to identify the functional role of aceE gene in cell wall biosynthesis in M. smegmatis . (biomedcentral.com)
- R. opacus is a Gram-positive actinomycete bacterium that can accumulate triacylglycerols (TAGs), a biodiesel precursor, up to ~ 78% of its cell dry weight when grown on sugars [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Form1
- Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane. (lookformedical.com)
Presence1
- It is the precursor of surfactant and its presence (>0.3) in the amniotic fluid of the newborn indicates fetal lung maturity. (wikipedia.org)
Essential1
- Structure of the essential Haemophilus influenzae UDP-diacylglucosamine pyrophosphohydrolase LpxH in lipid A biosynthesis. (duke.edu)
Cells1
- In addition to serving as a primary component of cellular membranes and binding sites for intra- and intercellular proteins, some glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic cells, such as phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acids are either precursors of, or are themselves, membrane-derived second messengers. (wikidoc.org)
Product1
- In contrast, α-glycerophosphate, which is both a precursor of phospholipid synthesis and the intermediary product of phospholipid degradation, markedly increased following 30 min of normothermic ischemia. (ornine.best)
Phospholipid biosynthesis2
- Structure and mechanism of an intramembrane liponucleotide synthetase central for phospholipid biosynthesis. (avantilipids.com)
- CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DG) is an important branchpoint intermediate in eukaryotic phospholipid biosynthesis and could be a key regulatory molecule in phospholipid metabolism. (hmdb.ca)
Synthesis2
- At the core of this metabolic reprogramming is a shift towards macromolecular biosynthesis, based largely on the use of mitochondrial metabolites as anabolic precursors, and supported by changes in lipid synthesis, degradation and signaling[ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Phosphatidylglycerols, along with CDP-diacylglycerol, also serve as precursor molecules for the synthesis of cardiolipin, a phospholipid found in membranes. (ymdb.ca)
Mitochondrial Function1
- While LA is considered to be an essential fatty acid and support health when consumed in modest amounts, an excessive intake of LA leads to the formation of oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAMs), impairments in mitochondrial function through suboptimal cardiolipin composition, and likely contributes to many chronic diseases that became an epidemic in the 20th century, and whose prevalence continues to increase. (researchgate.net)
Enzyme3
- Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare inherited metabolic disease resulting from mutations in the gene of the enzyme tafazzin, which catalyzes the acyl chain remodeling of the mitochondrial-specific lipid cardiolipin (CL). (nih.gov)
- The precursor for the biosynthesis of this peptidoglycan is produced by the enzyme MurA-F. The precursors are uridine diphosphate N acetylglucosamine and UDP murNAC pentapeptide found in the cytoplasm. (javatpoint.com)
- Dr. Weigel has made substantial research contributions in several fields, including the discoveries of multiple coated pit pathways for receptor-mediated endocytosis and of the enzyme responsible for hyaluronan biosynthesis. (gr.jp)
Pathways1
- Pathways in biosynthesis of eicosanoid s from arachidonic acid: there are parallel paths from EPA & DGLA . (thcscience.wiki)
Metabolites1
- The parent fatty acid ALA (18:3n-3), found in vegetable oils such as flaxseed or rapeseed oil, is used by the human organism partly as a source of energy, partly as a precursor of the metabolites, but the degree of conversion appears to be unreliable and restricted. (researchgate.net)
Membranes1
- However, apoptosis can also be initiated by GNLY, due to the presence of cardiolipin in mitochondrial membranes which allows GNLY to create pores in the membrane and causing a release of molecules like cytochrome c, which also leads to apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphatidylglycerols1
- Two phosphatidylglycerols form cardiolipin, the constituent molecule of the mitochondrial inner membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanism1
- The mechanism of cardiolipin biosynthesis in liver mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins2
- About 99% of mammalian mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome, synthesized as precursors in the cytosol, and imported into mitochondria by mitochondrial protein import machinery. (biomed.news)
- Probe Set ID Ref Seq Protein ID Signal Strength Name Gene Symbol Species Function Swiss-Prot ID Amino Acid Sequence 1367452_at NP_598278 16.8 small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor Sumo2 Rattus norvegicus " Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. (nih.gov)
Function1
- The 15 kDa GNLY was originally thought to function exclusively as an inactive precursor of antimicrobial 9 kDa GNLY, however this hypothesis has been recently challenged. (wikipedia.org)
Transport2
- Chronic lactate exposure in cardiomyocytes leads to a decrease in fatty acid transport, alterations of cardiolipin remodeling, increases in ROS production and decreases in mitochondrial oxygen consumption that could have implications for both metabolic health and flexibility. (frontiersin.org)
- The undecaprenyl diphosphate released during the polymerization step is flipped back, dephosphorylated, and employed to transport new precursors in a cyclical manner. (javatpoint.com)