Pre synaptic. Medical search. Frequent questions

Phenothiazines or butyrophenones are known to act at both pre and post-synaptic dopamine receptors, whereas butaclamol or thioxanthenes are supposed to act preferentially at post-synaptic receptors. (erowid.org)
Pre-post synaptic alignment through neuroligin-1 tunes synaptic transmission efficiency. (aminer.org)
How modifications in the pre- and post-synaptic machinery alignments affects synaptic currents, has only been addressed with computer modelling. (aminer.org)
Using single molecule super-resolution microscopy, we found a strong spatial correlation between AMPA receptor (AMPAR) nanodomains and the post-synaptic adhesion protein neuroligin-1 (NLG1). (aminer.org)
Recent developments in neuronal tracing software applications have improved the speed and accuracy of 3D reconstructions, but localization of synaptic sites through the use of pre- and/or post-synaptic markers has remained largely a manual process. (wright.edu)
To address this problem, we have developed an algorithm, based on 3D distance measurements between putative pre-synaptic terminals and the post-synaptic dendrite, to automate synaptic contact detection on dendrites of individually labeled neurons from 3D immunofluorescence image sets. (wright.edu)
We previously reported on differential changes in synaptic proteins and receptors in APP mutant AD transgenic compared to wild-type neurons, which revealed selective decreases in levels of pre- and post-synaptic proteins, including of surface glutamate receptors. (ehu.eus)
Here we demonstrate alterations in levels of selective pre- and post-synaptic proteins and receptors in APP knockout compared to wild-type mouse primary neurons in culture and brains of mice in youth and adulthood. (ehu.eus)
STP implies that the response of a post-synaptic neuron depends of the history of presynaptic activity, creating information that in principle can be extracted and used. (scholarpedia.org)
Following a spike, (i) \(u\) increases due to spike-induced calcium influx to the presynaptic terminal, after which (ii) a fraction \(u\) of available resources is consumed to produce the post-synaptic current. (scholarpedia.org)
I. Pre- versus the Post-Synaptic Changes in LTP. (mit.edu)

Or when endocannabinoids act as retrograde messengers by binding to presynaptic CB1 receptors, thereby indirectly modulating GABA and the excitability of dopamine neurons by reducing it and other presynaptic released neurotransmitters. (wikipedia.org)
Presynaptic inhibition is ubiquitous among sensory neurons. (wikipedia.org)
These findings suggest that μ-opioids activate the descending analgesic pathway from the midbrain PAG by a combination of presynaptic disinhibition of RVM-projecting neurons and postsynaptic inhibition of presumptive interneurons. (nih.gov)
Building on my strong track record in presynaptic research, my group made a technical breakthrough by establishing patch-clamp recordings from small nerve terminals of cultured neocortical neurons with unprecedented high resolution. (europa.eu)
Delivery and assembly of presynaptic material over long axonal distances is a daunting challenge for neurons. (harvard.edu)
Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of the synaptic connection between two hippocampal glutamatergic neurons in a neural network formed in cell culture resulted in a specific pattern of potentiation at other connections within the network. (jneurosci.org)
In search of a cellular basis of associative learning, Hebb (1949) suggested that repetitive correlated excitation of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons may lead to strengthening of the synapse between them. (jneurosci.org)
In cultured hippocampal slices, LTP induced at one set of synaptic inputs to CA1 pyramidal neurons also spreads to nearby synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron ( Engert and Bonhoeffer, 1997 ), resulting in a "breakdown" of input specificity. (jneurosci.org)
In cultures of dissociated hippocampal neurons, induction of long-term depression (LTD) at glutamatergic synapses is accompanied by a backpropagation of depression to input synapses on the dendrites of the presynaptic neuron. (jneurosci.org)
Using perforated whole-cell patch clamp, we simultaneously monitored all synaptic connections within the networks of three or four neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Potentiation was found only in a subset of synaptic connections that are directly associated with the presynaptic neuron involved in the induction of LTP, including synapses made onto its dendrites and synapses made by its axon collaterals on glutamatergic neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Related to these observations, overexpressed Nrxn1β tagged with a biotin acceptor peptide was found to cluster at presynaptic terminals of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons ( 7 ). (rupress.org)
describe super-resolution 3D stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) imaging in mouse hippocampal neurons and report an unexpected localization pattern of Nrxn1, namely, a nanoscale cluster-like presynaptic organization ( Fig. 1 ). (rupress.org)
Our results, thus, suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying HCN subunit targeting, expression and plasticity in adult neurons is compartment selective, providing a means by which pre- and postsynaptic processes that are critically dependent upon HCN channel function may be distinctly influenced. (northwestern.edu)
The results indicate the existence of a glutamatergic pathway from the ComNTS to the DMV neurons modulated by presynaptic NE receptors. (psu.edu)
Consequently, accurate anatomical reconstructions of neuron morphology and synaptic localization are critical when modeling and predicting physiological responses of individual neurons. (wright.edu)
In the present study, we undertook a similar analysis of synaptic composition but now in APP knockout compared to wild-type mouse neurons. (ehu.eus)
Remarkably, we demonstrate selective increases in levels of synaptic proteins, such as GluA1, in neurons with APP knockout and with RNAi knockdown, which tended to be opposite to the reductions seen in AD transgenic APP mutant compared to wild-type neurons. (ehu.eus)
However, concurrent labeling of multisynaptic inputs to postsynaptic neurons is impossible with currently available trans-synaptic viral vectors. (en-journal.org)
Here, we report a neural circuit tracing system that can simultaneously label postsynaptic neurons with two different markers, the expression of which is defined by presynaptic input connectivity. (en-journal.org)
This system, called "cFork (see fork)", includes delivering serotype 1-packaged AAV vectors (AAV1s) containing Cre or flippase recombinase (FlpO) into two different presynaptic brain areas, and AAV5 with a dual gene expression cassette in postsynaptic neurons. (en-journal.org)
Our in vitro and in vivo tests showed that selective expression of two different fluorescence proteins, EGFP and mScarlet, in postsynaptic neurons could be achieved by AAV1-mediated anterograde trans-synaptic transfer of Cre or FlpO constructs. (en-journal.org)
When this tracing system was applied to the somatosensory barrel field cortex (S1BF) or striatum innervated by multiple presynaptic inputs, postsynaptic neurons defined by presynaptic inputs were simultaneously labeled with EGFP or mScarlet. (en-journal.org)
Sheng, Z. H. & Cai, Q. Mitochondrial transport in neurons: impact on synaptic homeostasis and neurodegeneration. (nature.com)
2016). We extend these results here by showing that the probability of presynaptic vesicular release is reduced when an uncleaved α 2 δ is expressed in rat neurons and that this inhibitory effect is reversed when cleavage of α 2 δ is restored. (elifesciences.org)
Indeed, we show that uncleaved α 2 δ−1 inhibits presynaptic calcium transient-triggered action potential (AP) in hippocampal neurons and that this effect is reversed by the cleavage of α 2 δ−1. (elifesciences.org)
Therefore, we aimed to investigate the presynaptic functions of α 2δ-4 and Cachd1 by expressing individual proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons. (kl.ac.at)
Both α 2δ-4 and Cachd1 are expressed in the presynaptic membrane and could rescue a severe synaptic defect present in triple knockout/knockdown neurons that lacked the α 2δ-1-3 isoforms (α 2δ TKO/KD). (kl.ac.at)
This observation suggests that presynaptic localization and the regulation of synapse formation in glutamatergic neurons is a general feature of α 2δ proteins. (kl.ac.at)
To identify genes whose expression is altered in presynaptic neurons as a result of perturbing postsynaptic excitability, we applied a transcriptomics-friendly, temperature-inducible Kir2.1-based activity clamp at the first synaptic relay of the Drosophila olfactory system, a central synapse known to exhibit trans-synaptic homeostatic matching. (ox.ac.uk)
Twelve hours after adult-onset suppression of activity in postsynaptic antennal lobe projection neurons of males and females, we detected changes in the expression of many genes in the third antennal segment, which houses the somata of presynaptic olfactory receptor neurons. (ox.ac.uk)
The presynaptic transcriptional response to genetically targeted postsynaptic perturbations could be exploited for the construction of novel connectivity tracing tools.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Homeostatic feedback mechanisms adjust intrinsic and synaptic properties of neurons to keep their average activity levels constant. (ox.ac.uk)
Finally, we recorded mCherry-Arc interaction with presynaptic protein Bassoon in mCherry-negative surrounding neurons at close proximity to mCherry-positive spines of edited neurons. (lu.se)

Since then, scientists have advanced our understanding of neuronal interactions tremendously, evaluating synaptic plasticity with ever-increasing temporal and spatial resolution and, in some cases, even correlating electrophysiological and molecular changes with organism behaviour. (europa.eu)
The EU-funded project PreSynPlast is using a variety of in vitro preparations and electrophysiological and molecular studies to provide an unprecedented window onto presynaptic plasticity. (europa.eu)
The ambitious goal of this project is to reveal the molecular mechanisms of presynaptic plasticity in the vertebrate brain. (europa.eu)
Synaptic plasticity occurs in the form of alterations in both presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic receptor function. (europa.eu)
However, due to technical reasons and in contrast to intensely studied postsynaptic plasticity, the presynaptic half of the brain's synaptic plasticity remains enigmatic. (europa.eu)
My ambitious aim is therefore to uncover the molecular and biophysical mechanisms of presynaptic plasticity. (europa.eu)
In addition, we use an innovative super-resolution-microscopy approach resolving the rearrangement of proteins within the presynaptic neurotransmitter release site, which allows high-throughput screening of all major classes of synaptic genes for their involvement in presynaptic plasticity. (europa.eu)
Building on these unique abilities, I will also investigate physiological and pathophysiological modulations of presynaptic plasticity. (europa.eu)
Specifically, I will test the hypothesis that metabolic constraints regulate presynaptic plasticity and that the amyloid pathology of Alzheimer's disease impacts presynaptic plasticity. (europa.eu)
Thus, for the first time in the history of neuroscience, neocortical nerve terminals can be investigated with direct electrophysiological recordings and super-resolution microscopy providing unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution for the analysis of presynaptic plasticity. (europa.eu)
Tong, G., Malenka, R.C. & Nicoll, R.A. Long-term potentiation in cultures of single hippocampal granule cells: a presynaptic form of plasticity. (nature.com)
We further investigated whether presynaptic HCN channels undergo seizure-dependent plasticity.Wefound that, like dendritic channels, wild-type presynaptic HCN channel function was persistently decreased following induction of kainic acid-induced seizures. (northwestern.edu)
Since TRIP8b does not affect presynaptic HCN subunit trafficking, seizure-dependent plasticity of these corticalHCNchannels is not conditional upon TRIP8b. (northwestern.edu)
We then examine how these mechanisms could modulate synaptic function by focusing on three key features of synaptic information transmission: synaptic strength, synaptic variability, and short-term plasticity. (frontiersin.org)
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) regulates synaptic strength to stabilize the activity of a neuron or a neuronal circuit. (saneurociencias.org.ar)
Short-term plasticity (STP) ( Stevens 95 , Markram 96 , Abbott 97 , Zucker 02 , Abbott 04 ), also called dynamical synapses, refers to a phenomenon in which synaptic efficacy changes over time in a way that reflects the history of presynaptic activity. (scholarpedia.org)
Since recycling pool size may correlate firmly with synaptic discharge possibility (Murthy 1997), one appealing hypothesis can be that recruitment of relaxing vesicles to recycling private pools could be utilized as an easy mechanism to aid plasticity-dependent adjustments in synaptic efficiency. (gasyblog.com)
These changes affected genes with roles in synaptic vesicle release and synaptic remodeling, including several implicated in homeostatic plasticity at the neuromuscular junction. (ox.ac.uk)
Our study establishes a role for transcriptional changes in homeostatic synaptic plasticity, points to mechanistic commonalities between peripheral and central synapses, and potentially opens new opportunities for the development of connectivity-based gene expression systems. (ox.ac.uk)
The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated (Arc) protein is essential for synaptic plasticity and memory formation. (lu.se)

However, despite the intense interest in and significance of what happens at the synapse relative to cognition and behaviour, the presynaptic changes have largely taken a backseat to the postsynaptic changes. (europa.eu)
In contrast, synapses made by the same presynaptic neuron onto GABAergic cells were not affected, and there was no postsynaptic lateral or forward propagation to other synapses received or made by the postsynaptic neuron. (jneurosci.org)
After the induction of LTP at one excitatory connection by correlated presynaptic and postsynaptic excitation, we found significant potentiation at other connections that did not experience correlated activity. (jneurosci.org)
Both presynaptic and postsynaptic dopaminergic functions can be estimated by positron emission tomography (PET). (jneurosci.org)
While both presynaptic and postsynaptic dopaminergic functions would be regulated by corresponding genes and related to personality traits, the relation between presynaptic and postsynaptic functions in terms of interindividual variation has hardly been investigated. (jneurosci.org)
Although the interindividual variation of binding potential of [ 11 C]raclopride would be due to both the interindividual difference in the receptor density and that in the concentration of endogenous dopamine in the synaptic cleft, the negative correlation between parameters for both presynaptic and postsynaptic functions might indicate a compensative relation between the two functions. (jneurosci.org)
Here we show that the voltage fluctuations associated with dendrosomatic synaptic activity propagate significant distances along the axon, and that modest changes in the somatic membrane potential of the presynaptic neuron modulate the amplitude and duration of axonal action potentials and, through a Ca21- dependent mechanism, the average amplitude of the postsynaptic potential evoked by these spikes. (yale.edu)
Neurexins (Nrxns) are one family of presynaptic molecules that bind to postsynaptic ligands such as neuroligins, leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins, neurexophilins, dystroglycan, GABA A receptors, and GluD2-cerebellin-1 and mediate the proper assembly and functional maturation of synapses in an isoform-specific manner ( 1 ). (rupress.org)
Recent studies with the use of super-resolution microscopy techniques unveiled trans-synaptic molecular nanocolumns within the active zone that axially align presynaptic release sites and postsynaptic receptors for efficient signal transmission ( 4 - 6 ). (rupress.org)
HSP mechanisms can operate on pre and postsynaptic terminals. (saneurociencias.org.ar)
Homeostatic matching of pre- and postsynaptic function has been observed in many species and neural structures, but whether transcriptional changes contribute to this form of trans-synaptic coordination remains unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that, at a central synapse in the fruit fly brain, these mechanisms include changes in presynaptic gene expression that are instructed by an abrupt loss of postsynaptic excitability. (ox.ac.uk)
Normal neuromuscular junction showing a presynaptic terminal with a motor nerve ending in an enlargement (bouton terminale): Synaptic cleft and postsynaptic membrane with multiple folds and embedded with several acetylcholine receptors. (medscape.com)

HCNchannels, though, are also located in certain mature cortical synaptic terminals, where they play a vital role in modulating synaptic transmission. (northwestern.edu)
We hypothesized that the presynaptic Ca 2+ -sensing receptor (CaSR) may contribute to aminoglycoside-induced weakness due to its role in modulating synaptic transmission and its sensitivity to aminoglycosides in heterologous expression systems. (elsevierpure.com)

The method by which GABA modulates synaptic transmission from primary afferent fibers to their downstream targets is disputed (see Mechanisms section below). (wikipedia.org)
These results indicate that synaptic activity in the dendrite and soma controls not only the pattern of action potentials generated, but also the amplitude of the synaptic potentials that these action potentials initiate in local cortical circuits, resulting in synaptic transmission that is a mixture of triggered and graded (analogue) signals. (yale.edu)
Nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) suppressed glutamatergic synaptic transmission to trigeminal motoneurons in brain stem slices of neonatal rats. (nih.gov)
The results suggest that NO, through the synthesis of cGMP, presynaptically inhibits glutamatergic synaptic transmission on trigeminal motoneurons. (nih.gov)
The nanoscale organization of neurotransmitter receptors regarding pre-synaptic release sites is a fundamental determinant of the synaptic transmission amplitude and reliability. (aminer.org)
Among the three families of Ca V channels (Ca V 1, Ca V 2 and Ca V 3), the Ca V 2 family and more specifically Ca V 2.1 and Ca V 2.2 channels (generating P/Q and N-type currents, respectively) are particularly important for synaptic transmission in central and peripheral nervous systems ( Dolphin, 2012 ). (elifesciences.org)
20. How does Einstein's Random Walk Theory relate to synaptic transmission? (fsu.edu)
41. How do microtubules assist in synaptic transmission? (fsu.edu)
Administration of aminoglycoside antibiotics can precipitate sudden, profound bouts of weakness that have been attributed to block of presynaptic voltage-activated calcium channels (VACCs) and failure of neuromuscular transmission. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we investigated the pharmacology and signalling mechanisms underlying group I mGluR-mediated inhibition of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the rat SC slice. (elsevierpure.com)
Since its discovery by neuroscientists in 1972, long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission has been a prime candidate for a cellular explanation of memory and an exciting source of controversies that run from the molecular to the behavioral level. (mit.edu)
Low concentrations of free methyl mercury (1-3 ppm) irreversibly block synaptic transmission in an isolated frog neuromuscular preparation. (cdc.gov)
This block of transmission is due to failure of the presynaptic nerve action potential to propagate to the nerve terminals. (cdc.gov)

The trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecule neurexin regulates synaptic functions but its high-resolution subcellular localization and dynamics were unknown. (rupress.org)
Trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules are crucial to confer specificity between synaptic partners during synapse formation and control their mature properties and dynamics. (rupress.org)
Trans-synaptic viral vectors are useful for identifying neural synaptic connectivity because of their ability to be transferred from transduced cells to synaptically connected cells. (en-journal.org)

Strikingly, conditional neuronal knockout of ELKS1 phenocopies Rab6B ablation with a similar loss of presynaptic material in the bouton and cargo accumulation in the axon, accompanied by loss of synaptic Rab6. (harvard.edu)
The spatial distribution of synaptic inputs on the dendritic tree of a neuron can have significant influence on neuronal function. (wright.edu)
Historically, generation of three-dimensional (3D) neuronal reconstructions together with comprehensive mapping of synaptic inputs has been an extensive task requiring manual identification of putative synaptic contacts directly from tissue samples or digital images. (wright.edu)
Neuromodulatory regulation of ion channels affects how ion channels respond to voltage deflections on short and long time scales, thus affecting how certain features of synaptic input are transformed into neuronal output. (frontiersin.org)
Our results show that blocking neuronal activity triggers an increase in extracellular ATP levels and suggest that P2X7Rs activation is necessary to the compensatory increase in presynaptic Ca2+ and vesicular release upon chronic inactivity. (saneurociencias.org.ar)
It will be interesting to correlate the SNAP-25 and neurogranin makers with non-CSF putative markers of neuronal and synaptic injury, such as hippocampal atrophy or even tau PET imaging. (alzforum.org)

Using receptor antagonists, as well as receptor knockout mice, we found that presynaptic kainate receptors facilitate the induction of mossy fiber long-term potentiation (LTP), although they are not required for this form of LTP. (nature.com)
Bliss, T.V. & Collingridge, G.L. A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. (nature.com)

A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. (mdpi.com)
Many presynaptic proteins are thought to be delivered from the Golgi apparatus via precursor vesicles, the recruitment of which at nerve terminals is crucial for the maintenance of presynaptic function. (harvard.edu)
Genetic ablation of Rab6B leads to a loss of synaptic vesicles and active zone material from nerve terminals together with an accumulation of uncaptured vesicles throughout the axon. (harvard.edu)
I propose the new model that ELKS1 acts as a presynaptic cargo tether, capturing Rab6-labeled precursor vesicles transported from the Golgi apparatus. (harvard.edu)
Our results display that recruitment of relaxing vesicles into practical pools can be an essential mechanism to accomplish activity-dependent plastic adjustments at hippocampal presynaptic terminals, with instant functional impact. (gasyblog.com)
Synaptic vesicles are concentrated at presynaptic terminals. (bvsalud.org)
In at least some synapses, transmitter release occurs by fusion of these vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, followed by exocytosis of their contents. (bvsalud.org)

Presynaptic inhibition occurs when an inhibitory neurotransmitter, like GABA, acts on GABA receptors on the axon terminal. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to the presence of GABA receptors along sensory afferent axons, the presynaptic terminal also has a distinct ionic composition that is high in chloride concentration. (wikipedia.org)
Taken together, our results would suggest a selectivity of some ergopeptines and/or ergolines for dopamine presynaptic receptors, whose interactions with these agents influence the dopaminergic activity of the CNS in various pathological states. (erowid.org)
We have previously reported that ATP and P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) modulate the homeostatic adjustment of synaptic efficiency. (saneurociencias.org.ar)

Presynaptic inhibition is a phenomenon in which an inhibitory neuron provides synaptic input to the axon of another neuron (axo-axonal synapse) to make it less likely to fire an action potential. (wikipedia.org)
1933: Grasser & Graham observed depolarization that originated in the sensory axon terminals 1938: Baron & Matthews observed depolarization that originated in sensory axon terminals and the ventral root 1957: Frank & Fuortes coined the term "presynaptic inhibition" 1961: Eccles, Eccles, & Magni determined that the Dorsal Root Potential (DRP) originated from depolarization in sensory axon terminals Oleson, Erik B. (2012-01-26). (wikipedia.org)
The axon is responsible for integrating synaptic signals, generating action potentials (APs), propagating those APs to downstream synapses and converting them into patterns of neurotransmitter vesicle release. (frontiersin.org)
These modulatory events dramatically affect how synaptic information is integrated to generate patters of action potentials (APs) as well as how those APs are transformed into transmitter release at axon terminals ( Figure 1A ). (frontiersin.org)
Terminal axon branching is regulated by the LKB1-NUAK1 kinase pathway via presynaptic mitochondrial capture. (nature.com)
STD is caused by depletion of neurotransmitters consumed during the synaptic signaling process at the axon terminal of a pre-synaptic neuron, whereas STF is caused by influx of calcium into the axon terminal after spike generation, which increases the release probability of neurotransmitters. (scholarpedia.org)

Combining immunopurification and subsequent analytical mass spectrometry, hundreds of proteins, including synaptic vesicle proteins, components of the presynaptic fusion and retrieval machinery, proteins involved in intracellular and extracellular signaling and a large variety of adhesion molecules, were identified. (mdpi.com)
The presence of synaptic proteins in CSF likely reflects degeneration of synapses, Blennow told Alzforum. (alzforum.org)

The proteome of the presynaptic active zone controls neurotransmitter release and the short- and long-term structural and functional dynamics of the nerve terminal. (mdpi.com)
where \(A\) denotes the response amplitude that would be produced by total release of all the neurotransmitter (\(u=x=1\)), called absolute synaptic efficacy of the connections (see Fig. 1A). (scholarpedia.org)
Many presynaptic terminals in the central anxious system are seen as a two functionally specific vesicle populations: a recycling pool, which works with action potential-driven neurotransmitter release via vesicle exocytosis, and a resting pool. (gasyblog.com)

it is to be used in conjunction with a sepearate mechanism to describe the release of transmitter and that provides the concentration of transmitter in the synaptic cleft (to be connected to pointer C here). (yale.edu)

We found that potentiation propagated from the site of induction retrogradely to glutamatergic or GABAergic synapses received by the dendrites of the presynaptic neuron and laterally to those made by its axonal collaterals onto other glutamatergic cells. (jneurosci.org)
In addition, there was no secondary propagation to synapses not directly associated with the presynaptic neuron. (jneurosci.org)
Such selective propagation suggests the existence of a long-range cytoplasmic signaling within the presynaptic neuron, leading to a specific pattern of coordinated potentiation along excitatory pathways in a neural network. (jneurosci.org)
These results imply the existence of a long-range cytoplasmic signaling within the presynaptic neuron and add a new dimension to activity-induced synaptic modification at the network level that bears direct implications to developmental remodeling and learning functions of the neural network. (jneurosci.org)
In this thesis, human glia-to-neuron direct conversion and engineered viral vectors are explored using pre-clinical in vitro and ex vivo models. (lu.se)

However, very little is known about how ATP modulates synaptic strength in HSP. (saneurociencias.org.ar)

Therefore individual synapses can be regarded as independent units for activity-induced synaptic modifications. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, our results suggest the synapses necessity to release glutamate precisely in front of AMPAR nanodomains, to maintain a high synaptic responses efficiency. (aminer.org)
Synapses: How does presynaptic ultrastructure affect synaptic signalling in C. elegans? (brookes.ac.uk)
KOS953 Between specific synapses, the comparative proportions of the two private pools are highly adjustable, recommending that parameter may be particularly regulated to aid adjustments in synaptic efficiency. (gasyblog.com)
Because cognitive loss correlates with damage to synapses, synaptic markers might do a better job of tracking clinical outcomes. (alzforum.org)

2 . Shu Y, Hasenstaub A, Duque A, Yu Y, McCormick DA (2006) Modulation of intracortical synaptic potentials by presynaptic somatic membrane potential. (yale.edu)
NE (30 μM) did not affect the membrane input resistance but reduced the paired- pulse depression, demonstrating that NE acts on presynaptic α 2 - adrenoceptors. (psu.edu)
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic membrane organization. (planteome.org)
Link to all annotated objects annotated to positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organization. (planteome.org)
Link to all direct and indirect annotations to positive regulation of presynaptic membrane organization. (planteome.org)

At this location, synaptic currents are converted from a graded voltage signal into a train of APs. (frontiersin.org)

However, in primary afferent fibers, due to the high concentration of chloride at the presynaptic terminal and thus its altered reversal potential, GABA receptor activation actually results in a chloride efflux, and thus a resulting depolarization. (wikipedia.org)
We simultaneously measured presynaptic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca 2+ ](i)) and synaptic strength at the crayfish claw opener neuromuscular junction (nmj) under a variety of experimental conditions. (princeton.edu)

Changes in synapse structure and function are the basis of learning and memory, while aberrant synaptic development underlies a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. (rupress.org)
In the central nervous system, α 2δ isoforms 1, 2, and 3 are strongly expressed, regulating glutamatergic synapse formation by a presynaptic mechanism. (kl.ac.at)
Taken together, our study identifies both α 2δ-4 and Cachd1 as presynaptic regulators of synapse formation, differentiation, and calcium channel functions that can at least partially compensate for the loss of α 2δ-1-3. (kl.ac.at)
Changes in Presynaptic Gene Expression during Homeostatic Compensation at a Central Synapse. (ox.ac.uk)

During moderate frequency trains of action potentials, a slowly developing component of the total synaptic enhancement was approximately linearly related to residual [Ca 2+ ](i) measured with fura-2. (princeton.edu)

In the cortex, these channels are predominantly expressed in dendrites where they significantly modify dendritic intrinsic excitability as well synaptic potential shapes and integration.HCNchannel trafficking to dendrites is regulated by the protein, TRIP8b. (northwestern.edu)
Expression of a truncated form of NLG1 disrupted this correlation without affecting the intrinsic AMPAR organization, shifting the pre-synaptic release machinery away from AMPAR nanodomains. (aminer.org)

1989) support the hypothesis that elevated [Ca 2+ ](i) of about 1 μM or less is a necessary and sufficient component for the production of augmentation and a longer-lasting form of activity-dependent synaptic enhancement, posttetanic potentiation (ptp). (princeton.edu)
Using chemical substance and genetically encoded optical probes which statement recycling pool sizes, we demonstrate that synaptic potentiation is usually associated with a rise in the recycling pool portion at the trouble from the relaxing pool, and a growth in synaptic launch possibility. (gasyblog.com)

This mechanism is important for regulating the assembly and maintenance of presynaptic nerve terminals. (harvard.edu)
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201812076 ) describe previously unrecognized nanoscale clusters of neurexin-1 in presynaptic terminals and their regulation by ADAM10-mediated proteolysis. (rupress.org)
The spontaneous release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals is greatly accelerated by methyl mercury , suggesting that methyl mercury depolarizes the presynaptic nerve terminals. (cdc.gov)

We have previously shown that presynaptic CaSR controls a non-selective cation channel (NSCC) that regulates nerve terminal excitability and transmitter release. (elsevierpure.com)

Correlative light and electron microscopy methods provide a immediate ultrastructural look at of synaptic pool reorganization. (gasyblog.com)

They are translated into a single pre-protein α 2 δ and post-translationally cleaved into α 2 and δ peptides, which remain attached by di-sulfide bonds ( Dolphin, 2012 ). (elifesciences.org)
To improve sensitivity, the researchers used monoclonal antibodies to purify each synaptic target protein from spinal fluid, then quantified each with mass spectrometry. (alzforum.org)
The pre-synaptic protein α-synuclein (α-syn) can be found in amyloid plaques in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). (lu.se)

Two types of STP, with opposite effects on synaptic efficacy, have been observed in experiments. (scholarpedia.org)
The modification it induces to synaptic efficacy is temporary. (scholarpedia.org)
Without continued presynaptic activity, the synaptic efficacy will quickly return to its baseline level. (scholarpedia.org)

Although STP appears to be an unavoidable consequence of synaptic physiology, theoretical studies suggest that its role in brain functions can be profound (see, e.g., publications in ( Research Topic ) and the references therein). (scholarpedia.org)

One study showed that animals without a specific type of GABA receptor on their nociceptors were hypersensitive to pain, thus supporting a function of presynaptic inhibition as an analgesic. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to dampening pain, impaired presynaptic inhibition has been implicated in many neurological disorders, such as spasticity after spinal cord injury, epilepsy, autism, and fragile-X syndrome. (wikipedia.org)

Localization of Presynaptic Inputs on Dendrites of Individually Labele" by Benjamin D. Ausdenmoore, Zachary A. Markwell et al. (wright.edu)

In this study, using electrophysiological recordings as well as electron microscopy we show that presynaptic, but not dendritic, corticalHCNchannel expression and function is comparable in adult TRIP8b-null mice and wild-type littermates. (northwestern.edu)

However, the precise location and dynamics of endogenous Nrxns at the synaptic junction have remained elusive. (rupress.org)

Weisskopf, M.G. & Nicoll, R.A. Presynaptic changes during mossy fibre LTP revealed by NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses. (nature.com)

In contrast to this redundant presynaptic function, α 2δ-4 and Cachd1 differentially regulate the abundance of presynaptic calcium channels and the amplitude of presynaptic calcium transients. (kl.ac.at)

To carry out this work, we use hippocampal dissociated cultures and functional imaging techniques to estimate changes in presynaptic function. (saneurociencias.org.ar)

The results obtained show the importance of purinergic signalling in the homeostatic adjustment of activity-dependent presynaptic function. (saneurociencias.org.ar)

abstract = "The synaptic connection between the commissural portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (ComNTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) was studied in rat brain stem slices, using the patch-clamp technique. (psu.edu)

They are also setting up collaborations to test the synaptic markers' usefulness as outcome measures in clinical trials. (alzforum.org)
It will also be important to learn whether these synaptic markers identify cognitively normal individuals with preclinical AD," John Morris at Washington University in St. Louis wrote to Alzforum. (alzforum.org)
Will the methods for measuring these synaptic markers be practical for widespread use? (alzforum.org)

Optimization of algorithm parameters enabled automated identification of synaptic contacts that matched those identified by manual inspection with low incidence of error. (wright.edu)

Our experiments were designed both to test the hypothesis that elevated [Ca 2+ ](i) is necessary and sufficient for the induction of a form of synaptic enhancement that persists for several seconds after tetanic stimulation-augmentation-and to determine the quantitative relationship between elevated [Ca 2+ ](i) and this enhancement. (princeton.edu)

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Phenomena and Processes71

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena19

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science5

Named Groups2

Health Care39

Geographicals3

Post-synaptic11

Neurons33

Plasticity20

Postsynaptic13

Role in modulating synaptic t2

Transmission13

Trans-synaptic3

Neuronal6

Long-term potenti2

Vesicles7

Receptors4

Axon6

Proteins2

Neurotransmitter3

Cleft1

Neuron5

Modulates synaptic1

Synapses5

Membrane5

Currents1

Concentration2

Synapse4

Action potentials1

Intrinsic2

Potentiation2

Terminals3

Regulates1

Reorganization1

Protein3

Efficacy3

Physiology1

Inhibition2

Inputs1

Dendritic1

Endogenous1

Responses1

Amplitude1

Hippocampal1

Activity-dependent1

Abstract1

Markers3

Parameters1

Experiments1