AgonistLipidGamma coactivator-1 alphaGeneLiverActivatorProteinNuclearPeroxisome proliferaFenofibrateAntagonistsGPR55Polyclonal AntibodyGenesKnockoutRegulatesFatty AcidsAntibodyIsoformsHigh affinityTherapeuticActivationReceptor alphaMiceInhibitProliferatorInhibitorPathwayImmunogenTargetsManipulationsHumansGlucoseEnzymeStimulateObesityHumanThyroidTARGETLiversPPARsSubtypesSuggests
Agonist4
- Recently, fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa) agonist has become an off-label therapeutic option for patients with refractory cholestasis. (uri.edu)
- Rosiglitazone (0.8, 2.4 and 7.2 mg/kg), a selective PPAR- gamma agonist, was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before GCIRI. (biomedcentral.com)
- Rosiglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, plays a protective role in hippocampal neuron damage of GCIRI rats by inhibiting the oxidative stress response and inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Fenofibrate, which is a PPAR-alfpha agonist, increases the level of sulfatide. (nih.gov)
Lipid8
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear receptor family and plays an important role in regulating gene expression associated with lipid metabolism. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
- These results suggest that PPARα and/or lipid metabolism is involved in the maintenance of wakefulness and locomotor activity during fasting in mice. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
- While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
- Peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor alpha (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a major role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. (wur.nl)
- Comparison with other transcriptomics datasets indicated that hepatocyte humanized livers recapitulate the principal effects of PPARα activation on lipid metabolism as revealed by other model systems of human liver. (wur.nl)
- Our results support the major role of PPARα in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, highlight the more modest effect of PPARα activation on gene regulation in human liver compared to mouse liver, and indicate that PPARα may have a suppressive effect on DNA synthesis in human liver. (wur.nl)
- RNA-sequence analysis revealed that curcumin intake affected hepatic lipid metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, especially PPARα activation, resulting in increased Apoa2 mRNA expression. (elifesciences.org)
- Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) modulates lipid and glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and inflammation. (cdc.gov)
Gamma coactivator-1 alpha1
- The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma coactivator-1 alpha and the nuclear receptor PPAR alpha control the expression of glycerol kinase and metabolism genes independently of PPAR gamma activation in human white adipocytes. (unil.ch)
Gene11
- This gene encodes the subtype PPAR-alpha, which is a nuclear transcription factor. (genetex.com)
- Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
- These data identify OLR1 as a novel PPARγ target gene in adipocytes. (jci.org)
- Gene expression studies performed on PPARα null mice have shed light into a variety of genes regulated by PPARα. (wur.nl)
- The role of PPARα in gene regulation in mouse liver is well characterized. (wur.nl)
- PPAR alpha gene plays a major role in fatty acid metabolism, apolipoproteins, HDL, LDL & ketone body production during fasting. (selfgrowth.com)
- Like the CPT1A gene, variants in the PPAR alpha gene may cause low Ketone production during fasting. (selfgrowth.com)
- Coconut oil (natural saturated fat) does not negatively impact PPAR alpha gene like other forms of saturated fats. (selfgrowth.com)
- It would be at best to shift to monounsaturated & polyunsaturated fat in their diet, lower fasting times & consistent intake of foods that stimulate PPAR alpha gene. (selfgrowth.com)
- Resistance to Thyroid Hormone alpha (RTHα) is characterised by tissue-selective hypothyroidism with near-normal thyroid function tests, and is due to thyroid receptor α gene mutations. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- A PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma target gene. (bvsalud.org)
Liver16
- PPAR alpha is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and kidney and is thought to regulate many genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. (thermofisher.com)
- Activation of rat liver PPAR alpha has been shown to suppress hepatocyte apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
- Bodybuilding Supplements and Training: Suppversity Excerpt Seabuckthorn Leaves Increase PPAR-Alpha & PPAR-Gamma Expression, Keep the Liver Fat Free and Fatty Oxidation Up. (helpyougetgains.com)
- Seabuckthorn Leaves Increase PPAR-Alpha & PPAR-Gamma Expression, Keep the Liver Fat Free and Fatty Oxidation Up. (helpyougetgains.com)
- The expression of the "liver cleansing" PPAR-gamma enzymes on the other hand was. (helpyougetgains.com)
- The research contained in this thesis first sought to improve our current knowledge on the transcriptional regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α activation on human liver in vivo using a novel humanized-liver mouse model. (wur.nl)
- However, less is known about the effect of PPARα activation in human liver in vivo. (wur.nl)
- Model systems to study PPARα in human liver vary from hepatoma cell lines, human primary hepatocytes, human precision cut liver slices, and mice expressing human PPARα. (wur.nl)
- A novel model to study in vivo PPARα activation in human liver is a chimeric mouse carrying human liver cells. (wur.nl)
- ITT, GTT, and MTT showed that CS rats were neither insulin resistant nor glucose intolerant, but mRNA expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the duodenum was higher and that of CPT1, PPARα, and PGC1α in liver were lower than in CR rats. (frontiersin.org)
- The increase in liver weights was due to activation of PPARα and peroxisome proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
- Belly fat can make the liver work overtime, forcing it to tap into PPARalpha reserves in other parts of the body, including the brain. (medicaldaily.com)
- Researchers at Rush University discovered that the protein, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), had responsibilities beyond helping the liver metabolize fat in the abdomen. (medicaldaily.com)
- When abdominal fat was too much for the liver's stores of PPARalpha to handle, the liver began tapping into PPARaplha reserves in other parts of the body, including the brain. (medicaldaily.com)
- While PPARalpha deficiency in the brain was related to memory loss and an inability to learn, PPARalpha deficiency in the liver were unaffected. (medicaldaily.com)
- BCAA affects PPAR-alpha and UCP expression in muscle and liver tissue. (ironmagazine.com)
Activator2
- This in turn reminds me of the effects of fish oil and TTA (a pan PPAR-activator), which - despite their questionable use as a long-term intervention can in fact stimulate intra-hepatic fatty acid oxidation to levels which are so high that oxidation rates in and out of itself could bring about some problems. (helpyougetgains.com)
- Taken together, these results demonstrate that curcumin is a PPARα activator and may affect expression levels of proteins involved in amyloid deposition to influence amyloidosis and metabolism in a complex manner. (elifesciences.org)
Protein6
- Purified recombinant PPAR alpha protein. (genetex.com)
- The expression changes of PPAR-alpha, -beta and -gamma at mRNA and protein levels were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
- By Western blot, this antibody detects an ~56 kDa protein representing PPAR gamma 2 from NIH-3T3 cell lysate. (thermofisher.com)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) in modulating cardiac insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT-4) protein levels in altered metabolic states and to determine the functional consequences by assessing cardiac ischemic tolerance. (ox.ac.uk)
- We conclude that elevated plasma free fatty acids are associated with increased injury during ischemia due to decreased cardiac glucose uptake resulting from lower cardiac GLUT-4 protein levels, the levels of GLUT-4 being regulated, probably indirectly, through PPAR-alpha activation. (ox.ac.uk)
- Background and PurposePalmitoylethanolamide (PEA) acts via several targets, including cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) ion channels, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR ) and orphan G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GRR55), all involved in the control of intestinal inflammation. (ino.it)
Nuclear3
- Statins are competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, whereas fibrates are activators of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). (unboundmedicine.com)
- PPAR gamma 2, like several other nuclear hormone receptors, heterodimerizes with retinoic X receptor (RXR) alpha to form a transcriptionally competent complex. (thermofisher.com)
- In a paper published in the journal Cell Reports, a team of neurologists writes that HMB-typically used by athletes to boost performance and muscle growth-binds with PPAR-alpha, a nuclear hormone receptor in the brain's hippocampus region. (extremetech.com)
Peroxisome prolifera1
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs, including alpha, beta and gamma subtypes) and their agonists have a protective role in treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Fenofibrate2
- The 7(S) enantiomer bound with micromolar affity to PPAR alpha with 10 fold higher affinity compared to the (R) enantiomer and could trigger dendritic activation.PPARα (alpha) is the main target of fibrate drugs, a class of amphipathic carboxylic acids (clofibrate, gemfibrozil, ciprofibrate, bezafibrate, and fenofibrate). (wikipedia.org)
- Quantitative PCR indicated that induction of PPARα targets by fenofibrate was less pronounced in the human hepatocytes than in the residual mouse hepatocytes. (wur.nl)
Antagonists2
- The present study was designed to investigate the expression changes of PPAR-alpha, -beta, -gamma and NF-kappa B in the hippocampus of rats with global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (GCIRI) after treatment with agonists or antagonists of PPAR-gamma. (biomedcentral.com)
- The anti-inflammatory effect of PEA was attenuated or abolished by CB2 receptor, GPR55 or PPAR antagonists and further increased by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine. (ino.it)
GPR552
- Key ResultsDNBS administration caused inflammatory damage, increased colonic levels of PEA and endocannabinoids, down-regulation of mRNA for TRPV1 and GPR55 but no changes in mRNA for CB1, CB2 and PPAR. (ino.it)
- Conclusions and ImplicationsPEA improves murine experimental colitis, the effect being mediated by CB2 receptors, GPR55 and PPAR, and modulated by TRPV1 channels. (ino.it)
Polyclonal Antibody1
- The following product was used in this experiment: PPAR gamma-2 Polyclonal Antibody from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # PA1-824, RRID AB_2166200. (thermofisher.com)
Genes3
- A comprehensive understanding of the physiological and molecular function of PPARα target genes is needed for the accurate development of therapeutical strategies. (wur.nl)
- Then, we pursued to expand our understanding on the physiological and molecular function of two PPARα target genes, Hilpda and Slc25a47. (wur.nl)
- Fasting & ketosis may create too much stress with people having above-mentioned variants in PPAR alpha genes. (selfgrowth.com)
Knockout2
- In this study, we examined the role of PPARα in sleep/wake regulation using PPARα knockout (KO) mice. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
- This evidence originates primarily from studies with PPAR alpha knockout models exposed to PFOA that demonstrate hepatic peroxisome proliferation, reduced lymphoid organ weights, and altered antibody synthesis. (cdc.gov)
Regulates1
- Responsible for energy homeostasis, PPAR-alpha regulates how fats are metabolized. (extremetech.com)
Fatty Acids2
- PPAR alpha is activated by free fatty acids including linoleic, arachidonic, and oleic acids. (thermofisher.com)
- Although PPAR-alpha-null mice also had elevated plasma free fatty acids, they had neither decreased cardiac GLUT-4 levels nor decreased glucose uptake during ischemia and, consequently, did not have poor recovery during reperfusion. (ox.ac.uk)
Antibody6
- FACS analysis of Hela cells(1-5x10⁶ cells/ml) using GTX12412 PPAR alpha antibody [3B6/PPAR] compared to an isotype control (blue). (genetex.com)
- WB analysis of 25 ug of Hela (Lane 1), Jurkat (Lane 2), and NIH-3T3 cell lysates (Lane 3) using GTX12412 PPAR alpha antibody [3B6/PPAR]. (genetex.com)
- FACS analysis of 3T3 cells(1-5x10⁶ cells/ml) using GTX12412 PPAR alpha antibody [3B6/PPAR] compared to an isotype control (blue). (genetex.com)
- ICC/IF analysis of HCT116 cells using GTX12412 PPAR alpha antibody [3B6/PPAR]. (genetex.com)
- There are currently no references for PPAR alpha antibody [3B6/PPAR] (GTX12412) . (genetex.com)
- This antibody does not detect PPAR alpha or PPAR delta. (thermofisher.com)
Isoforms3
- A fourth class of dual PPAR agonists, so-called glitazars, which bind to both the α and γ PPAR isoforms, are currently under active investigation for treatment of a larger subset of the symptoms of the metabolic syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, there is continuing research and development of new dual α/δ and γ/δ PPAR agonists for additional therapeutic indications, as well as "pan" agonists acting on all three isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
- Isoflavones genistein and daidzein bind to and transactivate all three PPAR isoforms, α, δ, and γ. (wikipedia.org)
High affinity1
- The main classes of PPAR agonists are: An endogenous compound, 7(S)-Hydroxydocosahexaenoic Acid (7(S)-HDHA), which is a Docosanoid derivative of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA was isolated as an endogenous high affinity ligand for PPAR-alpha in the rat and mouse brain. (wikipedia.org)
Therapeutic1
Activation3
- The activation or antagonism of PPAR-gamma did not affect the expression of PPAR-alpha or -beta, indicating that the three subtypes of PPARs act in independent pathways in the CNS. (biomedcentral.com)
- A relatively recent avenue of drug research in treating depression and drug addiction is through PPARα and PPARγ activation. (wikipedia.org)
- PPAR-alpha activation required for decreased glucose uptake and increased susceptibility to injury during ischemia. (ox.ac.uk)
Receptor alpha2
- Resistance to thyroid hormone due to a mutation in thyroid hormone receptor alpha (RTHα) is a syndrome whose features include delayed growth and neurocognitive development. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- Immunotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. (cdc.gov)
Mice1
- They found fifty percent less fat [triglycerides] in these cells in the BCAA mice, and much greater activity in the molecules that are involved in fat burning, such as the fat sensor PPAR-alpha, the enzyme COT-1 and the uncoupling proteins 2 and 3. (ironmagazine.com)
Inhibit1
- Obesity-induced metabolic imbalance allosterically modulates CtBP2 to inhibit PPAR-alpha transcriptional activity. (illumina.com)
Proliferator3
- PA1-824 detects peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma 2 from human and mouse tissues. (thermofisher.com)
- PPAR agonists are drugs which act upon the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a ligand-inducible transcription factor, is essential for adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Inhibitor8
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Pathway1
- Glucuronidation, a phase II metabolism pathway responsible for BA detoxification, is regulated by PPARα. (uri.edu)
Immunogen1
- PA1-824 immunogen is a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues M(1) G E T L G D S P I D P E S D S(16) C of human PPAR gamma-2. (thermofisher.com)
Targets1
- PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma are the molecular targets of a number of marketed drugs. (wikipedia.org)
Manipulations1
- Because energy metabolism is known to affect sleep regulation, manipulations that change PPARα are likely to affect sleep and other physiological phenotypes. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Humans1
- The study of humans carrying dominant negative mutations in PPAR gamma has contributed significantly to our understanding of its role in human physiology. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Glucose1
- It has been shown that agonism of PPARδ changes the body's fuel preference from glucose to lipids. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme1
- the contents of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha, and the NF- kappa B expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemical staining. (biomedcentral.com)
Stimulate1
- Thanks to its interactions with PPAR-alpha, HMB was found to stimulate the brain to produce more BDNFs. (extremetech.com)
Obesity1
- OLR1 expression in white adipose tissue is increased in obesity and is further induced by PPARγ ligand treatment in vivo. (jci.org)
Human3
- Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues M(1) G E T L G D S P I D P E S D S(16) C of human PPAR gamma-2. (thermofisher.com)
- There are several suggested hypotheses for the poor translation from animal to human research evidence such as the potency and selectivity of PPAR ligands, sex-related variability, and species differences in the distribution and signaling of PPAR. (wikipedia.org)
- As human PPAR alpha expression is significantly less than that of rodents, potential PPAR alpha independence indicates that future research must explore mechanisms of action of these compounds, including PPAR alpha-dependent and -independent pathways. (cdc.gov)
Thyroid1
- And on the endocrine side of things you want to keep an eye on optimal DHEA levels ( read more about its effects on PPAR-gamma), thyroid hormones, testosterone and estrogen (Nemoto. (helpyougetgains.com)
TARGET2
- PPARγ (gamma) is the main target of the drug class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), used in diabetes mellitus and other diseases that feature insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- PPARδ (delta) is the main target of a research chemical named GW501516. (wikipedia.org)
Livers1
- They had PPARalpha deficiencies in either their hippocampus or in their livers. (medicaldaily.com)
PPARs1
- The MDA, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha content and expression of PPARs increased significantly, but the SOD activity and NF-kappa B expression were weakened in the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
Subtypes1
- Three closely related subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma) have been identified. (genetex.com)
Suggests1
- Mounting experimental animal evidence suggests PPAR alpha independence of some immune effects. (cdc.gov)