Potent nerve toxin. Medical search. Frequent questions

Botulinum toxin is best known for its use in cosmetic surgery, where it has been used as a 'face-lift in a bottle' under the brand name Botox since 1990. (animalresearch.info)
The widespread advertising of Botox as a cosmetic treatment, and its popularity among celebrities have led to Botulinum toxin becoming well-known as a frivolous treatment to help the rich appear youthful. (animalresearch.info)
The use of botulinum toxin is currently controversial, because of the method of testng, which is a mouse potency assay, and because it is viewed as a cosmetic treatment. (animalresearch.info)
While cosmetic treatments are the best known application of botulinum toxin, the important clinical uses for which it was researched and developed are often overlooked. (animalresearch.info)
The first development of Botulinum toxin as a therapy was to treat disorders of localised muscle hyperactivity. (animalresearch.info)
The different types of botulinum toxin target different components of the release mechanism. (animalresearch.info)
Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin causes local paralysis, as the toxin remains around the site of injection. (animalresearch.info)
Botulinum toxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin with a lethal level in humans of around 1 ng / kg bodyweight (ng = nanogram = 0.000000001 g) and it is therefore vital that material released for clinical use is safe and of the strength stated on the label. (animalresearch.info)
Botulinum toxin has a wide and ever extending range of clinical indications and in order to ensure it is suitable and safe for these uses, animal testing will be required for the foreseeable future. (animalresearch.info)
Botulinum toxin, popularly known as Botox, was first discovered as a toxin in fast food and is now the number one cosmetic treatment globally. (brainfoggles.com)
The botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin that impairs nerve function, including those of the diaphragm, leading to paralysis. (la.us)
A variety of therapies have been investigated for primary hyperhidrosis, including topical therapy with aluminum chloride or tanning agents, oral anticholinergic medications, iontophoresis, botulinum toxin, liposuction, microwave therapy and endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy. (arkansasbluecross.com)
Botulinum toxin has also been investigated as a treatment of secondary gustatory hyperhidrosis. (arkansasbluecross.com)
In 2004 the FDA approved botulinum toxin type A (Botox) to treat primary axillary hyperhidrosis (severe underarm sweating) that cannot be managed by topical agents. (arkansasbluecross.com)
None of these other botulinum toxin products have an FDA approved indication for treatment of hyperhidrosis. (arkansasbluecross.com)
A Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) that includes a Medication Guide to help individuals understand the risk and benefits of botulinum toxin products. (arkansasbluecross.com)
The potency units are specific to each botulinum toxin product, and the doses or units of biological activity cannot be compared or converted from one product to any other botulinum toxin product. (arkansasbluecross.com)
It contains the active ingredient Botulinum toxin type A, the same active ingredient in Botox. (bodywisespecialists.com)
Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) has emerged as a treatment option for temporomandibular disorder (TMD). (bvsalud.org)
Accordingly, any reported benefit of botulinum toxin (BoNT) on anxiety is thought to be secondary to its effect on the same. (bvsalud.org)
We sought to evaluate the distinctive impact of botulinum toxin (BoNT) on anxiety in cervical dystonia (CD). (bvsalud.org)
Botox is a commercial name for a substance called botulinum toxin, which is a neurotoxin. (renewmespa.com)
Botox is made from clean botulinum toxin type A. Botulinum toxin type A is the most potent naturally occurring toxin known. (renewmespa.com)
and meat products such as ham and sausage, the botulinum toxin has been discovered. (ncertpoint.com)
When exposed to temperatures more than 80°C, the botulinum toxin is inactivated (denatured) very quickly, killing the patient. (ncertpoint.com)
The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease, by Steven Markos, M.D. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
Some of these symptoms can be treated effectively with botulinum toxin injections. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
Cervical dystonia (abnormal neck muscle contractions), sialorrhea (drooling), and some forms of urinary dysfunction such as overactive bladder are FDA-approved uses for botulinum toxin. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
Botulinum toxin is also an off-label but common clinical treatment option for limb dystonia. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
To a much lesser extent, some tremors may benefit from treatment with botulinum toxin, though clinical evidence for this is currently lacking. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
In general there are several notable potential benefits of botulinum toxin treatment. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
First, targeted injections to the area(s) of interest with botulinum toxin spares most if not all of the systemic side effects potentially posed by oral medications for the above conditions. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
In addition, botulinum toxin injections are often more potent and efficacious than oral medications. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
Botulinum toxin works by reducing the signaling between a nerve and muscle, or in the case of sialorrhea between a nerve and salivary gland. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
With an overactive bladder, botulinum toxin injections (performed by a urologist) tone down the muscles of the bladder to reduce urinary incontinence. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
Botulinum toxin tends to take at least 3 days to start working, reaches peak effect around 4-6 weeks, and lasts around 3-4 months. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
In summary, botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment option to reduce the frequency and severity of several symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
If you experience symptoms of cervical dystonia, limb dystonia, sialorrhea, or overactive bladder due to Parkinson's disease, consider asking your physician if treatment with botulinum toxin is an option for you. (jfkpdadvocate.com)
Botox, short for Botulinum toxin, is a notorious word in the world of medicine. (theladiescue.com)
Botulinum toxin is derived from the bacteria Clostridium Botulinum. (theladiescue.com)
Botulinum toxin - is a natural, potent toxin that inhibits the release of acetylcholine - a neurotransmitter responsible for the transmission of impulses between nerves and muscles. (estedent.co.uk)
Botulinum toxin works by blocking the connections between the nerve signals that tell the muscles to contract. (estedent.co.uk)
Botulinum toxin, known as botox, has become very popular as a quick fix method for reducing wrinkles and renewing the aging face. (inspirehealthmag.com)
However, one must remember that Botox, which sounds trendier than the real name-botulinum toxin, is actually a bacteria. (inspirehealthmag.com)
A mouse neutralization bioassay confirms botulism by isolating the botulinum toxin. (medscape.com)
The botulinum toxin gene (bont) subtype was determined using CLC Genomics Workbench, and the seven-gene multi-locus sequence type (MLST) was identified by querying PubMLST. (cdc.gov)
Recently, the local injection of botulinum toxin was reported as excellent therapeutic option. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the treatment of bruxism with the use of botulinum toxin in the PC. (bvsalud.org)

The toxin is produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani in dead tissue. (merckvetmanual.com)
Botulinum is a potent toxin, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . (animalresearch.info)
Botulism is a deadly disease caused by the toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . (la.us)
are potent neurotoxins derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . (glowday.com)
The bacterium produces a toxin that affects the brain and nervous system. (portea.com)
The toxin is made by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and is used in medicine to treat various muscle and nerve disorders. (renewmespa.com)
The toxin, not the bacterium, is detected by the test, and the ability to discriminate between them is useful since particular serotypes (such as A and B) are more often connected with the sickness in people than others. (ncertpoint.com)
Botulism is an extremely uncommon but potentially fatal disorder caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which is found in the soil. (ncertpoint.com)
BoNT/A, /C, and /E cleave toxin, or contact of the bacterium with a wound [1]. (cdc.gov)

Dendrobatidae toxins vary from species to species, but some are extremely potent neurotoxins. (wikipedia.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Botulinum neurotoxins are among the most potent toxins known. (jneurosci.org)
Botulism is caused by the most potent neurotoxins known. (pharmacology2000.com)
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are extremely potent toxins that are capable of causing death or respiratory failure leading to long-term intensive care. (cdc.gov)
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are protein toxins produced by 50,000 daltons. (cdc.gov)

Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin, botulinum. (animalresearch.info)
Botulism, which produces a potent neurotoxin that causes paralysis and, frequently, death, is a health scourge to all, but appears to have killed an inordinate number of marine mammals and fish this summer. (botulismblog.com)
Foodborne botulism (as distinct from wound botulism and infant botulism) is a severe type of food poisoning caused by the ingestion of foods containing the potent neurotoxin formed during growth of the organism. (botulismblog.com)
By consuming forage or feed containing the bacteria, which will then produce the toxins in the intestinal tract (more commonly found in foals, known as shaker foal syndrome, or toxicoinfectious botulism). (la.us)
There is also a risk for botulism if horses are being fed silage or haylage, especially if the fermentation process was inadequate to lower the pH to inhibit the growth of the bacteria and toxin production. (la.us)
The standard for laboratory diagnosis is a mouse neutralization bioassay confirming botulism by isolation of the toxin. (medscape.com)
Researchers in the United States have created a test strip that may identify toxins that cause botulism. (ncertpoint.com)
Botulism toxin, on the other hand, may be present in sealed jars of low-acid meals without causing any apparent indications or smells. (ncertpoint.com)
Toxic shock syndrome (also known as botulism) arises when a person consumes the toxin (or, in rare cases, when the poison is breathed or injected), or if the organism grows in the bowels or wounds and releases toxin. (ncertpoint.com)
In fact, Botox is derived from Clostridium botulinum, a potent neurotoxin that causes the life threatening paralytic disease botulism. (inspirehealthmag.com)
On March 22, 2013, the FDA approved the first botulism antitoxin that can neutralize all 7 known botulinum nerve toxin serotypes. (medscape.com)
It is also the only available drug for treating infant botulism that is not caused by nerve toxin type A or B. (medscape.com)
Botulism is a rare, neurotoxin-mediated, life-threatening disease characterized by flaccid descending paralysis that begins with cranial nerve palsies and might progress to extremity weakness and respiratory failure. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to the neurotoxin occurs through ingestion of toxin (foodborne botulism), bacterial colonization of a wound (wound botulism) or the intestines (infant botulism and adult intestinal colonization botulism), and high-concentration cosmetic or therapeutic injections of toxin (iatrogenic botulism). (cdc.gov)

Exocytotic release of acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters is inhibited by toxins elaborated by Clostridium botulinum . (pharmacology2000.com)

When Botox® is injected into a muscle, the release of acetylcholine from the nerves stimulating that muscle is prevented. (glowday.com)
This is a highly potent neurotoxin that blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. (bodywisespecialists.com)

Diphtheria strains infected by a beta-phage, which carries a toxin-encoding gene, produce a potent toxin. (msdmanuals.com)
This may produce a potent toxin known as tetanospasmin and can impair the nerves that control your muscles. (portea.com)

The bacteria C. botulinum produces Botox, one of the most potent and poisonous toxins in the universe, because it stops muscle contractions. (brainfoggles.com)
Botox prevents the interaction between nerves, which alters the functioning of muscles by weakening or paralyzing them. (brainfoggles.com)
However, Botox can prevent nerve interactions in specific muscles when used in controlled amounts, thus preventing contraction. (brainfoggles.com)
Since Botox prevents nerve signals, injecting it into the areas where your nerves meet sweat glands would ultimately reduce sweating. (brainfoggles.com)
In the case of botox, the target nerve is the one that controls the contraction of the muscles. (renewmespa.com)
However, caution needs to be exercised in certain groups of patients, such as patients with nerve or muscular disorders, pregnant and breastfeeding patients, as well as patients taking certain medications which may interfere with the actions of Botox. (theladiescue.com)
When a small amount of Botox is injected into a muscle, it essentially blocks nerve signals that tell your muscles to contract. (inspirehealthmag.com)

The bacteria will produce toxins under the conditions of decaying plants and animals. (la.us)
Wound borders will close, providing an anaerobic environment, which is a favorable condition for the bacteria to produce the toxins. (la.us)

Tetrodotoxin exerts its effects by blocking voltage-activated sodium channels, terminating nerve conduction and muscle action potentials, leading to progressive paralysis and, in extreme cases, to death from respiratory failure. (cdc.gov)
It affects the body by blocking nerve function and leading to respiratory and musculoskeletal paralysis. (animalresearch.info)
The Botulinum Toxins cause paralysis by preventing the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine as the nerve cells meet muscle, at the neuromuscular junction. (animalresearch.info)
This results in continuous nerve firing and sustained muscle contractions, leading to severe pain, muscle spasms, and potentially fatal respiratory paralysis. (glenlivet-wildlife.co.uk)
BTX permanently opens sodium channels and prevents transmission of nerve signals leading to paralysis and heart failure. (chemistryworld.com)
They assault the neurological system (nerves, brain, and spinal cord), resulting in paralysis and other symptoms (muscle weakness). (ncertpoint.com)

Because these fish were reportedly purchased in the United States, they pose a substantial U.S. public health hazard given the potency of the toxin and the high levels of toxin found in the fish. (cdc.gov)
Jefferson County Public Health has monitored local lakes for cyanobacteria since 2007 and Anderson Lake has had closures every year since then, including very high levels of toxin. (ptleader.com)

i) Binding - the toxin binds rapidly and irreversibly to receptors on the presynaptic nerve (nerve cell) surface. (animalresearch.info)
When bitten by a spider with neurotoxic venom, the venom rapidly binds to receptors on nerve cells, blocking or altering the transmission of signals. (glenlivet-wildlife.co.uk)
Their venom contains δ-hexatoxin, a powerful toxin that binds to nerve cell receptors, prolonging the activation of sodium channels. (glenlivet-wildlife.co.uk)
The antitoxin binds to the toxin molecules that are free-floating in the bloodstream and neutralizes them before they bind to nerve cells, but they cannot reverse the effects of bound toxin. (la.us)
Ciguatera toxin is a polyether ladder that binds to and opens voltage-dependent sodium channels. (medscape.com)

The alkaloid toxins, secreted from the frogs' skin, interfere with nerve impulses, which can lead to heart failure or fibrillation. (wikipedia.org)
Tetrodotoxin is a heat-stable and acid-stable, nonprotein, alkaloid toxin found in many species of the fish family Tetraodontidae (puffer fish) as well as in certain gobies, amphibians, invertebrates, and the blue-ringed octopus ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Studies have shown that dosages of 30 to 50 mg of solanine per 100 g of potato may cause illness, the severity of the symptoms varies depending on the toxin's body weight ratio and the individual's tolerance for the alkaloid in question. (thewholeportion.com)
BTX is a steroidal alkaloid and one of the most potent known natural toxins - it takes just 0.1mg to kill an average adult human. (chemistryworld.com)

iii) Intracellular poisoning - the toxin disables the neurotransmitter release mechanism. (animalresearch.info)
This neurotoxin protein prevents the neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) release at the nerve junction. (brainfoggles.com)
Muscle contraction happens when nerves release a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) onto muscle cells, causing those cells to contract. (glowday.com)

Venoms are natural storehouses of nerve-numbing molecules, and with 400 different types of venom in his laboratory, King is at the forefront of efforts to identify analgesics in the stings of centipedes, spiders, snails and other poisonous beasts. (scientificamerican.com)
There is a 60% chance that a poisonous potato may briefly poison a player. (thewholeportion.com)

These poisons are among the most potent substances ever discovered by science. (ncertpoint.com)

It is uncertain precisely which arthropods lend their toxicity to which genus of Dendrobatidae, but one such arthropod is thought to have been identified as a possible source of the toxin for Dendrobatidae Phyllobates terribilis (aka the golden poison frog), and it is a local variant of the Melyrid beetle. (wikipedia.org)
Tetanus is a toxic reaction a specific poison (toxin) that blocks transmission of inhibitory nerve signals to muscles. (merckvetmanual.com)
A glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade, solanine is a nerve toxin produced in the green part of the potato (the leaves, the stem, and any green spots on the skin). (snopes.com)
It takes some time for the animals to accumulate their potent toxins, and smaller ones have less poison to impart upon a potential predator in general, so they have a bit more to fear. (discovermagazine.com)
But unlike their parents and other adult fish, which have higher toxin concentrations internally because they get their poison from their diet, the larvae's poison is concentrated on their body surface - a goodbye gift from mom. (discovermagazine.com)
US researchers have synthesised a deadly toxin produced by poison dart frogs and made the toxin's non-natural mirror image too. (chemistryworld.com)

Ricin is a plant toxin 30 times more potent than the nerve agent VX. (colorado.edu)
The compound, dubbed cVc1.1, turned out to be 100 times more potent than gabapentin, a common treatment for nerve pain. (scientificamerican.com)

Health experts said the bloom of cyanobacteria in the lake contains toxin-producing species of algae, including Dolichospermum (formerly Anabaena) and Aphanizomenon. (ptleader.com)
The bloom of cyanobacteria in the lake contains toxin-producing species of algae. (jeffersoncountypublichealth.org)
It can kill a wide diversity of species, from fish to mammals, because it's a potent paralytic that shuts down ion channels vital for nerve functioning. (discovermagazine.com)
Some of the 500 species exhibit toxin so potent that it can kill people. (reformedperspective.ca)

The toxin interferes with the body's ability to use a particular chemical that facilitates the transmission of impulses between cells. (snopes.com)
Skeletal muscles need nerve impulses to function. (brainfoggles.com)
However, note that the bladder is made up of smooth muscles that do not always need nerve impulses to tighten. (brainfoggles.com)
Nerve impulses result in sweat glands being stimulated to secrete sweat. (brainfoggles.com)
It works by irreversibly binding to pore-forming membrane proteins which function as voltage-gated sodium channels that help to conduct nerve impulses. (chemistryworld.com)

The toxin spreads and causes spasms of the voluntary muscles. (merckvetmanual.com)
If you inhaled the toxin and it got into your diaphragm muscles, you will not be able to breathe. (brainfoggles.com)
ProVisine can sharpen our vision as well as strengthen the eye tissues and muscles to prevent the damage caused by toxin pollutants in the environment. (bignewsnetwork.com)
ProVisine was designed to improve the function of optic nerves and ocular muscles. (bignewsnetwork.com)
This potent formula flushes out the toxins from our system and regenerates damaged muscles, which can prolong the health of our eyes and vision. (bignewsnetwork.com)
This is the part of the nerve that controls facial muscles. (bodywisespecialists.com)
This toxin works by blocking the signal transmission in the nervous system, hence its action in reducing muscle activity by reducing the nerve signals to the muscles. (theladiescue.com)

These three send gray rami to all eight cervical spinal nerves. (blogspot.com)
The superior cervical ganglion sends to the first four cervical nerves, the smaller middle cervical ganglion supplies the next two, and the large inferior cervical ganglion projects a gray ramus to the seventh and eighth cervical nerves. (blogspot.com)

Neurotoxic venom primarily targets the nervous system, particularly the neurotransmitters that relay signals between nerve cells. (glenlivet-wildlife.co.uk)
Funnel-web spiders , native to Australia, are notorious for their potent neurotoxic venom. (glenlivet-wildlife.co.uk)
Eight distinct toxins have been characterized, all but one being neurotoxic. (pharmacology2000.com)
Substantially greater doses of N,N '-methylene-bis-acryl-amide, a reportedly non-neurotoxic analog of acrylamide , were required to alter the axonal transport of 125I-tetanus toxin. (cdc.gov)

Potato leaves and stems are naturally high in glycoalkaloids, so ingestion of these parts of the plant should be avoided. (snopes.com)
An increased AG is associated with renal failure, ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, and ingestion of certain toxins. (medscape.com)

Most of these toxins have the potential to enter our bodies and accumulate with continual exposure over time. (modernneuropathy.com)
The protective mechanism in the tongue elicits burning from the sweet taste buds on the front of the tongue in response to continued or overwhelming exposure, as the cause may be, by noxious toxins. (wnho.net)
In addition, concerns have been raised about the possibility of a bioterrorism event involving toxin exposure through intentional contamination of food or drink or through aerosolization. (cdc.gov)
The purpose of this document is to enable health care workers and public health officials to recognize an unknown or suspected exposure to a nerve agent or an organophosphate (OP) pesticide. (cdc.gov)
The amount and route of exposure to the nerve agent or OP pesticide, the type of nerve agent or pesticide, and the premorbid condition of the person exposed person will contribute to the time of onset and the severity of illness. (cdc.gov)
For example, inhalation of a nerve agent or an OP pesticide leads to a quicker onset of poisoning with more severe symptoms when compared to with dermal exposure s, given the same amount of agent. (cdc.gov)
Plasma or RBC cholinesterase may be disproportionately inhibited depending on the particular nerve agent, amount of exposure and time interval since exposure. (cdc.gov)
Note: The actual clinical manifestations of an exposure to a nerve agent or an organophosphate pesticide may be more variable than the syndrome described in this document. (cdc.gov)
It addresses containment principles, technologies and practices that are implemented to prevent the unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their accidental release. (who.int)

Studies in the 1920s found that botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) inhibited the activity of motor and parasympathetic nerve endings, confirmed several decades later to be due to decreased acetylcholine release. (bvsalud.org)

The mambalgins, as the molecules are called, plug a particular set of acid-sensing ion channels in peripheral nerve cells that, like sodium channels, help the cells send pain signals. (scientificamerican.com)

As a toxin, PLA2 is a potent presynaptic neurotoxin which blocks nerve terminals by binding to the nerve membrane and hydrolyzing stable membrane lipids. (nih.gov)

In either case the nerve fibers of the ANS are motor only, and represent the general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers of the cranial and spinal nerves. (blogspot.com)

Glutathione is a potent antioxidant that helps to neutralize toxins and support healthy liver function. (coreivtherapy.com)
Because some antibodies inhibit or neutralize the activity of BoNT, the choice of antibody with which to extract the toxin is critical. (cdc.gov)

As bacterial cells die and disintegrate, the potent nerve toxin is released. (merckvetmanual.com)
b) Toxoid: A modified bacterial toxin that has been made nontoxic, but retains the ability to stimulate the formation of antitoxin. (cdc.gov)

Single doses of acrylamide (0-1.3 mmol/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the transport of 125I-tetanus toxin to the perikarya of sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia and motor neurons in ventral spinal cord. (cdc.gov)
No change in neuronal uptake of 125I-tetanus toxin was detected. (cdc.gov)
F, /G and the closely related tetanus toxin all cleave synaptobrevin a likely agent for bioterrorism [3]. (cdc.gov)

Green potatoes do contain a form of toxin, but you are unlikely to ingest enough of it to do you any harm. (snopes.com)
However, unless you are deliberately seeking out green potatoes to eat, you are unlikely to ingest enough of the toxin to do harm. (snopes.com)
The sap in this plant contains a pretty potent nerve toxin, if you ingest it your symptoms can range from temporary loss of voice, to death if you eat enough of it. (thegardenhelper.com)

Green potatoes contain a natural toxin called solanine. (snopes.com)
The potato - or, rather, green versions of it - contains a natural toxin called solanine. (snopes.com)
While the green color of a potato's skin is chlorophyll, which is safe, the presence of chlorophyll indicates the existence of solanine concentrations in the potato. (thewholeportion.com)

An incremental increase in M-wave amplitude with rapid repetitive nerve stimulation may help to localize the disorder to the neuromuscular junction. (medscape.com)

It is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod that produces a potent neurotoxin. (botulismblog.com)

ProVisine works to fulfill the body's nutritional needs to repair the tissue damage and creates a protective barrier against environmental and harmful toxins to further prevent eye disorders like macular degeneration, cataracts, myopia, and blurred vision. (bignewsnetwork.com)

This is an important feature, enabling those effector organs which are innervated only by spinal nerves (cutaneous and skeletal muscle blood vessels, sweat glands, and pilomotor smooth muscle) to receive sympathetic input. (blogspot.com)
thus, toxin complications are rare in cutaneous diphtheria. (msdmanuals.com)

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin found mainly in puffer fish and other marine and terrestrial animals. (mdpi.com)

It's more deadly than black mamba venom, VX nerve gas, or cyanide. (discovermagazine.com)

Understanding spider venom is essential for the development of effective treatments, and also offers intriguing insights into the potential applications of these potent substances. (glenlivet-wildlife.co.uk)
There does not appear to be much data on how often cholinesterase-based pharmaceuticals, plant and animal toxins, and industrial substances cause toxicity. (cdc.gov)

It generates spores that survive in badly preserved or canned food, where they create a toxin that is toxic to humans and animals. (ncertpoint.com)

Despite this, their specific and reversible action prompted their use in clinical practice to treat several neuromuscular pathologies (dystonia, spasticity, muscle spasms) characterized by hyperexcitability of peripheral nerve terminals or even in nonpathological applications (i.e., cosmetic use). (jneurosci.org)
This prevents the nerve from being able to release acetylcholine, and without this chemical signal the adjacent muscle will not contract and will be paralysed. (animalresearch.info)
Autonomic nerve fibers innervate cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. (blogspot.com)
While the general somatic efferent (GSE) fibers (alpha and gamma motor neurons of the anterior horn) continue in the spinal nerve trunks to innervate skeletal muscle fibers and muscle spindles, almost all of the GVE fibers leave the spinal nerve trunks to enter sympathetic ganglia via a thin arm, the white ramus (Figs-1, 2, and 3). (blogspot.com)
Magnesium is a mineral that is essential for many bodily functions, including nerve and muscle function, and is also important for maintaining a healthy heart. (coreivtherapy.com)
Biotics Research Bioctasol Forte, Muscle and Nerve Support. (drosolutions.com)

They have the potential to freak out and damage your nervous system - your brain and nerves - leading to a variety of symptoms from migraine headaches to unexplained seizures, dizziness, depression and vision problems. (wisdomofthewombonline.com)
The toxin enters the food chain via fish, which are then consumed by humans, in whom the toxin causes symptoms. (medscape.com)
The following is a more comprehensive list of signs and symptoms that may be encountered in a person exposed to a nerve agent or OP pesticide. (cdc.gov)

If the autonomic nerve fibers to an effector organ are cut, the organ may continue to function, but will lack the capability of adjusting to changing conditions. (blogspot.com)
If the autonomic nerve fibers to the heart are cut, the heart will continue to beat and pump blood normally, but its ability to increase cardiac output under stress will be seriously limited. (blogspot.com)
The nerve fibers which comprise the sympathetic system originate in the inter-mediolateral horn (lamina VII) of the gray matter in all twelve thoracic and the first two lumbar segments of the spinal cord. (blogspot.com)
The axons of these GVE fibers travel through the anterior horn and exit the cord in the anterior root before entering the spinal nerve. (blogspot.com)
Some of the fibers from nerve cells within the ganglia return to the spinal nerve trunk via a gray ramus. (blogspot.com)
Consequently, all 31 pairs of spinal nerves are in contact with the sympathetic chain and carry fibers of the sympathetic system. (blogspot.com)
It is concluded that single doses of acrylamide produce profound alterations in retrograde transport which precede the appearance of structural changes in affected nerve fibers. (cdc.gov)

Sleep is when the brain clears toxins. (lifescapepremier.com)

Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant used in Europe to promote liver and nerve health, and confer protective benefits against oxidative processes. (picknsave.com)
Alpha-lipoic acid has been called the "universal" antioxidant because it boosts glutathione levels in cells and has potent antioxidant actions. (picknsave.com)
SOD is an enzyme that aids in cell repair and provides antioxidant protection against cellular damage from free radicals and environmental toxins. (drosolutions.com)

Like all Dendrobatidae, D. leucomelas frogs secrete toxins from their skin, which they gain from eating certain unspecified arthropod prey. (wikipedia.org)

The resulting accumulation of excess toxins our body cannot excrete may cause damage to organs, including the nervous system. (modernneuropathy.com)

However, their absence does not exclude this disease, since the seven different toxins appear to involve the ocular system to various degrees. (medscape.com)

A Boxed Warning highlighting the possibility of experiencing potentially life-threatening distant spread of toxin effect from injection site after local injection. (arkansasbluecross.com)

ii) Internalisation - the toxin crosses the membrane of the nerve cell and enters the nerve terminus, where neurotrasmitters are stored ready for release. (animalresearch.info)
Ciguatera toxin is secreted into breast milk and freely crosses the placenta. (medscape.com)

The toxin is heat stable and thus may affect humans even if fish are properly prepared. (medscape.com)

Large pharmaceutical companies have been struggling to synthesize alternatives to addictive painkillers such as morphine but have had trouble making molecules that home in on the specific nerves they need to target. (scientificamerican.com)
In laboratory animals these molecules numb nerves without harming the rest of the body. (scientificamerican.com)

When the nerves to the diaphragm are paralyzed, the affected animal stops breathing and will die as a result. (la.us)

Anatomy74

Organisms24

Diseases41

Chemicals and Drugs72

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes24

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Botulinum toxin48

Bacterium9

Neurotoxins5

Botulism14

Clostridium1

Release of acetylcholine2

Produce a potent toxin2

Botox7

Bacteria2

Paralysis6

High levels of toxin2

Binds5

Alkaloid4

Neurotransmitter3

Poisonous2

Among the most potent1

Poison6

Times more potent2

Species4

Impulses5

Muscles7

Cervical2

Neurotoxic4

Ingestion2

Exposure9

Acetylcholine release1

Signals1

Presynaptic1

Cranial1

Neutralize2

Bacterial2

Tetanus3

Ingest3

Solanine3

Neuromuscular junction1

Produces1

Disorders1

Cutaneous2

Tetrodotoxin1

Deadly1

Substances2

Spores1

Muscle6

Symptoms3

Fibers7

Clears1

Antioxidant3

Secrete1

Nervous system1

Ocular1

Injection1

Crosses2

Humans1

Molecules2

Diaphragm1