• Nasopharynx (Nasal Pharynx) - It is the uppermost section, located between the skull base and the soft palate. (assignmentpoint.com)
  • the circular muscles form constrictions that help push food to the esophagus and prevent air from being swallowed, while the longitudinal fibres lift the walls of the pharynx during swallowing. (assignmentpoint.com)
  • The initial phase is voluntary when food is chewed, mixed with saliva and formed into a bolus before being pushed to the posterior pharynx by the tongue. (nature.com)
  • Receptors in the posterior pharynx are then activated to initiate the involuntary phase of deglutition, which involves carefully sequenced contraction of numerous head and neck muscles. (nature.com)
  • The cavity of the pharynx is partially intersected by the soft palate, which is attached anteriorly to the hard palate, and laterally to the side walls of the pharynx. (co.ma)
  • This sheet, sloping obliquely backwards and downwards, cuts into the cavity of the pharynx (Fig. 901), and, falling short of the posterior wall, incompletely divides it into two, namely, an upper part, pars nasalis (O.T. naso-pharynx), and a lower part or pharynx proper. (co.ma)
  • The aperture left between the soft palate and the posterior wall of the pharynx, through which the nasal part of the pharynx communicates with the inferior divisions of the cavity, is called the isthmus pharyngonasalis. (co.ma)
  • the rest of the pharynx in that its cavity remains, under all conditions, a distinct open chamber incapable of obliteration, owing to the fact that all its walls, with the single exception of the floor, are practically immovable. (co.ma)
  • A postnasal mirror inserted into the pharynx through the mouth enables the choanae to be inspected in posterior rhinoscopy (figs. 52-4 and 53-11 B). (dartmouth.edu)
  • Medially -lies the styloid process and its muscles separating the parotid from the internal jugular vein, internal carotid artery, last four cranial nerves and the lateral wall of the pharynx. (rxdentistry.net)
  • violation of patency of the upper respiratory tract due to collapse of the pharyngeal wall due to a decrease in the tone of the pharyngeal muscles - dilators of the pharynx, abductors of the tongue, pharynx. (iliveok.com)
  • Obstruction occurs at the level of the root of the tongue, since in this part of the pharynx, its lumen is supported not by bony and cartilaginous formations, but only by the optimal tone of the pharyngeal dilator muscles, mainly the chin-lingual muscle, which prevents the tongue from sinking to the posterior wall of the pharynx. (iliveok.com)
  • A distinct feeling of resistance indicates that the posterior pharynx has been reached. (beaumontlaboratory.com)
  • ADENOID A triangular-shaped mass of lymphoid tissue located on the posterior aspect of the nasopharynx (Bailey, 1998). (drjaimebracho.com)
  • Adenoids are a subepithelial collection of lymphoid tissue, which is present at the junction of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx. (drsanu.com)
  • The tonsillar region contains the lymphoid tissue of the palatine tonsil, located on the lateral pharyngeal wall. (entokey.com)
  • The purpose of this research was to study the growth of the nasopharynx and adenoid development. (scielo.br)
  • Although the nasopharynx follows a growth pattern similar to that of the rest of the body, adenoid tissue does not. (scielo.br)
  • Though anterior open bite is more frequently observed, adenoid hypertrophy may also cause posterior open bite when lingual interposition occurs in the premolar and molar regions 1-4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy was confirmed with a lateral view x-ray of the nasopharynx and tympanometry for cases with MEE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Flexible nasopharyngoscopy demonstrating adenoids and tonsils from perspective of nose and nasopharynx. (medscape.com)
  • The adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils are located on its posterior wall. (assignmentpoint.com)
  • Triangular-shaped recesses in the walls of this region house the palatine tonsils, two masses of lymphatic tissue prone to infection. (assignmentpoint.com)
  • A collection of pus develops between one of the tonsils and the throat wall. (drjaimebracho.com)
  • Use the swab to gently clean the tonsils from both sides at least 3 times, and then wipe the posterior pharyngeal wall up and down at least 3 times. (agtcbioproducts.com)
  • The vascular supply of the palatine tonsils is covered by posterior branches of the lingual artery, the ascending pharyngeal artery, branches of the facial artery, and palatine branches of the internal maxillary artery. (entokey.com)
  • The tonsils are embedded in the anterior and posterior pillar, formed by the palatoglossus and the palatopharyngeal muscle, respectively. (entokey.com)
  • Greater and lesser palatine foramina (for palatine nerves and arteries) and posterior nasal spine Vomer 1. (slideshare.net)
  • The lateral wall is uneven and complicated and is formed by several bones: nasal, maxilla, lacrimal and ethmoid, inferior nasal concha, perpendicular plate of palatine, and medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid (fig. 52-2 A). The lateral wall presents three or four medial projections termed nasal conchae, which overlie passages (meatuses). (dartmouth.edu)
  • It communicates with the external environment via the anterior apertures, nares, and the nasopharynx via the posterior apertures, choanae. (nih.gov)
  • Choanae (posterior openings to nose and posterior septum) can be seen at far side of picture. (medscape.com)
  • The nasal cavity extends in an antero-posterior direction from the nostrils, or nares, to the choanae. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The choanae are the posterior apertures of the nose. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The causes may be maybe e divided into local which is in nose or nasopharynx, general and idiopathic, or not known. (healthpulls.com)
  • At the top is the part behind the nose, called the nasopharynx. (drprasadraj.com)
  • segment (nasal portion), from the posterior margin of the septum of the nose at its inferior part horizontally backwards, measures 15 to 18 mm., and that of the middle segment, from the glossopalatine arches to the posterior wall, about 10 mm. (co.ma)
  • Keep the swab close to the floor of the septum of the nose while gently pushing the swab into the posterior nasopharynx. (agtcbioproducts.com)
  • e sphenoidal sinuses are so deeply placed behind the upper half of the rm aperture of the nose that their outlines cannot be identified in an -o-posterior skiagram. (co.ma)
  • Odorants can also be perceived by entering the nose posteriorly through the nasopharynx to reach the olfactory receptor via retronasal olfaction. (medscape.com)
  • Examination showed anterior bulging of the posterior oropharyngeal wall without ecchymosis around neck. (journalmc.org)
  • With gentle rotation, push the swab until it meets resistance at the level of the turbinates (less than an inch into the nostril), rotate the swab against the nasal wall several times, and then withdraw it from the nostril. (agtcbioproducts.com)
  • Rotate the swab several times and then remove it from the nasopharynx (in case of reflex cough, stop for 1 minute). (agtcbioproducts.com)
  • Proper collection of a nasopharyngeal swab is imperative to ensure an optimal specimen for detection of microbial pathogens within the nasopharynx. (beaumontlaboratory.com)
  • Slowly insert the swab into one nostril by gently passing the NP swab on a flexible wire straight back (not upwards) and continue along the floor of the nasal passage for several centimeters until reaching the nasopharynx (resistance will be met). (beaumontlaboratory.com)
  • If obstruction is encountered before reaching the nasopharynx, remove swab and try the other nostril. (beaumontlaboratory.com)
  • The superior meatus, under cover of the superior concha, receives the openings of the posterior ethmoidal cells and (in a dried skull) the sphenopalatine foramen. (dartmouth.edu)
  • while are the posterior ethmoidal cells. (co.ma)
  • Anteriorly is the shadow of the posterior ethmoidal cells (blurred by that produced by the vertical portion of the great wing of the sphenoid), while posteriorly it is limited by the shadow produced by that portion of the body of the sphenoid which lies inferior to the dorsum sellæ. (co.ma)
  • from before backwards, the upper portion of the septum nasi, the superior and middle conchæ, and the anterior and posterior ethmoidal cells. (co.ma)
  • The nasopharynx is the uppermost portion and extends from the internal nares to the level of the soft palate. (criticalcarepractitioner.co.uk)
  • Through the anterior wall, which slopes upwards and backwards, open the choanæ (O.T. posterior nares), separated from each other by the nasal septum. (co.ma)
  • Concurrently, there is activation of muscles that lift the palate and close off and elevate the larynx in order to prevent misdirection of the bolus into the nasopharynx and larynx, respectively. (nature.com)
  • citation needed] A CT scan shows a solid mass of Tornwaldt's cyst and MRI shows a glass-shaped lesion with fluid on the upper part of the posterior nasopharyngeal wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, a cystic mass in the upper part of the nasopharyngeal wall and mucopurulent discharge from upper part of the mass can be seen on nasal endoscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the nasopharynx and positron emission tomography (PET) also showed the tumor process at the posterior nasopharyngeal wall of the nasopharynx classified as stage I (T1N0M0). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is located in the midline of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tornwaldt cysts also spelled as Thornwaldt cyst or Thornwald cyst are benign, midline cystic swelling located in the roof of nasopharynx. (drsanu.com)
  • The sphenoid sinus empties into the posterior roof. (nih.gov)
  • It is situated in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx. (medscape.com)
  • The cavity of the pars nasalis is irregular in shape, and is enclosed by siz walls-namely, anterior and posterior, right and left, a floor and a roof or vault. (co.ma)
  • Each half has a roof, floor, and medial and lateral walls. (dartmouth.edu)
  • All of these paranasal sinuses, except the sphenoid, communicate with the nasal cavity via ducts that drain through ostia, which empty into spaces located on the lateral wall. (nih.gov)
  • The lateral walls are spiral shaped mucosal folds that overlie the turbinates and sinus ducts draining into the ostia. (nih.gov)
  • Three shelves, the conchae, project out form the lateral walls to almost touch the septum. (criticalcarepractitioner.co.uk)
  • It includes the piriform sinus, the posterior hypopharyngeal wall, and the post cricoid region. (drprasadraj.com)
  • The olfactory neuroepithelium is located at the upper area of each nasal chamber adjacent to the cribriform plate, superior nasal septum, and superior-lateral nasal wall. (medscape.com)
  • The wall of the trachea consists of the mucosa, submucosa, hyaline cartilage and adventitia. (criticalcarepractitioner.co.uk)
  • The wall is composed of superior constrictor muscle and the buccopharyngeal and pharyngobasilar fascia covered by the pharyngeal mucosa (Fig. 100-3). (entokey.com)
  • The secretions from these sinuses drain into the nasal cavity via the thin-walled ostia. (nih.gov)
  • Like the nasal cavity, the wall lining of the sinuses also secretes mucus. (nih.gov)
  • Perpendicular plate: forms posterior part of lateral wall of nasal cavity 2. (slideshare.net)
  • Since the serious zoonotic potential of HeV was systemic spread of the virus may be preceded by local viral confi rmed, clinical and laboratory evaluation of disease replication in the nasal cavity or nasopharynx. (cdc.gov)
  • The posterior movement of mandible was known as the main cause of the changes in the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) and the postoperative obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). (springeropen.com)
  • The posterior movement of this skeletal and soft tissue component in the mandible produces the consequent narrowing of PAS. (springeropen.com)
  • Posterior rotation or inclination of the mandible and consequent increase in the angle between anterior maxillary/mandibular parts and nasion point (ANB) may occur, as well as flaccidity and shortening of upper lip associated with flaccid perioral muscles 3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The medial wall, or nasal septum, is formed (from anteiror to posterior) by (1) the septal cartilage (destroyed in a dried skull), (2) the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and (3) the vomer (fig. 52-2 B). It is usually deviated to one side. (dartmouth.edu)
  • Horizontal plates unite to form posterior 1/3 of hard palate 2. (slideshare.net)
  • Surrounding the nasal cavities are air-containing mucosal lined sinuses, which include the frontal sinuses (superior anterior), ethmoid sinuses (superior), paired maxillary sinuses (lateral), and sphenoid sinuses (posterior). (nih.gov)
  • tero-posterior skiagram of the skull, the light shadows formed by the lls are seen to occupy the well-defined area bounded on either side by ter shadow of the orbital cavities and above by the dense horizontal he cribriform plate, which occupies the frontier line between these the frontal sinuses. (co.ma)
  • The fossa hypophyseos lies immediately behind the superior part of the sphenoidal sinuses, and, in a median sagittal section of the skull, the anterior half of the fossa is seen to project into what would correspond to the supero-posterior angle of the sinuses. (co.ma)
  • The more the sphenoidal sinuses project backwards, beneath the sella turcica, the thinner is the plate of bone which separates the sinus from that part of the posterior fossa of the base of the skull which supports the pons. (co.ma)
  • after removing it the sinuses are opened up by removing their anterior walls and the septum. (co.ma)
  • The hypophysis is then exposed by breaking down the anterior portion of the floor of the sella turcica, which forms a bullous-like projection into the superior and posterior part of the sinuses. (co.ma)
  • The drug induced sleep state endoscopy revealed grade IV lingual tonsil hypertrophy causing obstruction of the airway with collapse of the epiglottis to the posterior pharyngeal wall. (csurgeries.com)
  • CT scans demonstrated a well-defined expansive growing mass with a diameter of 5 cm comprising areas of calcifications and thinning and remodeling of the walls of predominantly the right pterygoid processes and clivus, but with preserved posterior and upper margin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Below that level, the anterior and posterior walls gradually approach one another, until, below the laryngeal orifice, they are in contact with one another. (co.ma)
  • The lesion was free from the posterior pharyngeal wall. (csurgeries.com)
  • Cystoscopy revealed a pedunculated mass in the right posterior-lateral wall, inferior to the transplant urethral orifice, and biopsy of this mass showed invasive small cell carcinoma with a prominent adenocarcinoma component. (cdc.gov)
  • superior and middle nasal conchae project inferomedially from lateral wall 2. (slideshare.net)
  • The spheno-ethmoidal recess, above and posterior to the superior concha, receives the opening of the sphenoidal sinus. (dartmouth.edu)
  • He received corticosteroid therapy and then radiotherapy to the nasopharynx with good clinical outcome, disappearance of skin lesions, and recovery of muscle strength. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In extensive lesions extending into the nasopharynx, middle ear effusion is common. (medscape.com)
  • The muscles of the neck can be divided into 3 groups: anterior, lateral, and posterior neck muscles. (lecturio.com)
  • The paratonsillar vein descends from the soft palate across the lateral aspect of the capsule of the tonsil before piercing the pharyngeal wall to join the pharyngeal plexus. (medscape.com)
  • Posterior extension involves the soft palate, with possible velopharyngeal insufficiency and hypernasal speech. (medscape.com)
  • However, in tumors with posterior soft palate extension, retropharyngeal nodes may be involved. (medscape.com)
  • Just beyond this point the nerve dives into the posterior aspect of the parotid gland and bifurcates almost immediately into its two main divisions (occasionally it divides before entering the gland). (rxdentistry.net)
  • The prominence of the posterior margin of the ostium pharyn geum of the auditory tube, and the lymph nodules constituting the pharyngeal tonsil, should be noted. (co.ma)
  • the posterior edge of the nasal septum, and extended into the mouth below. (co.ma)
  • Considering the anatomic proximity and connection between the nasopharynx and periocular tissues, there is a need to understand the dynamics of virus spread between these sites following both respiratory and nonrespiratory viral transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • 2. the retromandibular (posterior facial) vein, formed by the junction of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins. (rxdentistry.net)
  • The bony wall of the frontal sinus and the dura were unaffected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A posterior condylar emissary vein may also be present, passing through the condylar canal, connecting the sigmoid sinus with the suboccipital venous plexus. (gov.gy)