AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
BlastocystEmbryonic DevelopmentMorulaEmbryo, MammalianEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentZygoteEmbryo ImplantationPreimplantation DiagnosisPregnancyGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalOocytesEmbryo, NonmammalianBlastomeresEmbryo Implantation, DelayedFertilization in VitroCleavage Stage, OvumChick EmbryoEmbryo Culture TechniquesEmbryo LossEmbryo TransferCochlear ImplantationUterusEctogenesisLens Implantation, IntraocularTime FactorsIn Situ HybridizationEndometriumTrophoblastsSperm Injections, IntracytoplasmicRNA, MessengerTreatment OutcomePacemaker, ArtificialZebrafishCulture TechniquesPregnancy RateMolecular Sequence DataStentsFertilizationCryopreservationProsthesis DesignParthenogenesisMice, Inbred ICRAneuploidyMice, Inbred StrainsSex PreselectionDeciduaCell DifferentiationBase SequenceFallopian TubesMice, Inbred C57BLPregnancy, AnimalSuperovulationMorphogenesisHomeodomain ProteinsImmunohistochemistryTranscription FactorsProstheses and ImplantsPost and Core TechniqueReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionCloning, OrganismBody PatterningAortic Valve StenosisNuclear Transfer TechniquesEctodermZebrafish ProteinsFetal ViabilityDrug-Eluting StentsMesodermDefibrillators, ImplantableGene ExpressionPseudopregnancyFollow-Up StudiesEmbryonic Stem CellsSignal TransductionPregnancy OutcomeGenomic ImprintingLenses, IntraocularMice, Inbred CBACardiac CatheterizationEndodermBlastocyst Inner Cell MassElectrodes, ImplantedPhenotypeAmino Acid SequenceReproductive Techniques, AssistedGastrulaGenes, LethalCells, CulturedBioprosthesisCattlePenile ImplantationMicroinjectionsSpermatozoaOogenesisCoronary RestenosisProgesteroneMutationPolymerase Chain ReactionHeart-Assist DevicesOvum
Extra embryonicBlastocystVitro and in vivoUterusUndergoesPluripotentLethalityBlastomeresMethylationOocytesDifferentially expressedEpiblastFertilizationTotipotentMorulaTissuesStem cellDifferentiationChromatinEmbryogenesisMetabolismMolecularHistoneMetabolicFertilityEarlyFetusMouseConcludeOxidativePregnancySuccessfullyDevelopmentalLineagesAdultManipulationPeriodCellsDaysSingleCellProcedureStudiesTechniquesControlSystem
Extra embryonic1
Blastocyst13
  • In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
  • Advancements in embryo culture, blastocyst biopsy techniques, 24-chromosome aneuploidy screening platforms, and improved genomic coverage of new sequencing platforms, such as next-generation sequencing, have made PGT safe and accessible for all patients who undergo in vitro fertilization. (medscape.com)
  • The modern approach to IVF involves blastocyst culture and biopsy followed by PGT and a single embryo transfer. (medscape.com)
  • At blastocyst stage, the segregation of the three primordial lineages is accompanied by establishment of differential patterns of DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, such as H3K27me3. (sciencegate.app)
  • In this study, we have analysed the dynamics of H3K27me3 at pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH) during development of the mouse blastocyst, in comparison with cultured embryonic cells. (sciencegate.app)
  • We also conclude that the non-canonical presence of H3K27me3 at PCH is a defining feature of embryonic cells in the young blastocyst before epiblast segregation. (sciencegate.app)
  • To facilitate a quantitative morphological analysis of early mouse development under controlled conditions, a perfusion culture system capable of supporting embryogenesis to blastocyst stage has been developed. (sciencegate.app)
  • 2- to 4-cell and morula- to blastocyst-stage mouse embryos were cultured for 1 h in tritiated leucine at two specific activities and their subsequent development followed in vitro and in vivo (after transfer to recipients), respectively. (sciencegate.app)
  • We after that review latest theoretical techniques that formalize the systems underlying destiny decisions in the internal cell mass from the blastocyst stage embryo. (synanet2020.com)
  • We conclude by recommending that cell-to-cell conversation provides a system to exploit and buffer inter-cellular variability inside a self-organized procedure that culminates in Cyclosporin C the reproducible development from the adult mammalian blastocyst stage embryo that's prepared for implantation in to the maternal uterus. (synanet2020.com)
  • We summarize theoretical methods to formalize the systems underlying destiny decisions in the ICM, and conclude by recommending that cell-to-cell conversation provides a system to exploit and buffer inter-cellular variability inside a self-organized procedure that culminates in the reproducible development Cyclosporin C of the blastocyst. (synanet2020.com)
  • Origin from the three cell types composed of the mammalian blastocyst Through the first couple of days of advancement the mouse embryo undergoes some specific morphological and mobile events to changeover from an individual totipotent cell, the zygote, to a ~200 cell embryo composed of three specific, spatially organized cell types at around embryonic day time (E) 4.5 (discover Fig. 1 for a synopsis of preimplantation advancement and staging strategies). (synanet2020.com)
  • In mouse, a unidirectional demethylation process from the zygote stage to blastocyst stage is observed using either reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) or single-base resolution whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) method. (nature.com)
Vitro and in vivo1
  • While the pattern of oxidation was similar among in vitro and in vivo derived embryos, a low pyruvate to lactate ratio was the preferred substrate of embryos derived in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
Uterus4
  • PGT is a very early genetic diagnosis method to select healthy IVF embryos before transferring them into the uterus. (nadezhdahospital.com)
  • Because only unaffected embryos are transferred to the uterus for implantation, PGT is the only method available for screening embryos before pregnancy and provides an alternative to current post conception diagnostic procedures (ie, amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling), which are frequently followed by the difficult decision of determining the pregnancy's disposition. (medscape.com)
  • Only healthy and normal embryos are transferred into the mother's uterus, thus diminishing invasive prenatal diagnoses, late pregnancy termination, or the birth of a child with a serious genetic disease. (medscape.com)
  • By the proper period of its implantation in to the maternal uterus, the mammalian embryo includes three specific cell types. (synanet2020.com)
Undergoes3
  • The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
  • Rieger[ 4 ] inferred that the pre-implantation bovine embryo undergoes an intensified period of cellular synthetic processes which require appropriate substrates for production of energy and reducing equivalents in the form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Primarily, the zygote undergoes successive rounds of cell department (known as cleavages), with the 8-cell stage, cells small and polarize to create NR4A3 the morula (Johnson & Ziomek, 1981). (synanet2020.com)
Pluripotent3
  • Moreover, the dynamic of H3K27me3 at PCH during in vitro conversion from naïve to primed pluripotent state and during ESCs derivation suggests that the mechanisms underlying the control of this histone mark at PCH are different in embryo and in vitro. (sciencegate.app)
  • The developmental potential within pluripotent cells in the canonical model is restricted to embryonic tissues, whereas totipotent cells can differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. (sciencegate.app)
  • Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Lethality1
  • We herein report that oocyte-specific Uhrf1 KO results in impaired chromosome segregation, abnormal cleavage division, and preimplantation lethality of derived embryos. (life-science-alliance.org)
Blastomeres2
Methylation6
  • Somatic DNA methylation patterns that can persist throughout life are established shortly after fertilisation when the majority of epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation, are erased from the pre-implantation embryo. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, maternal UHRF1 regulates the proper cytoplasmic architecture and function of oocytes and preimplantation embryos, likely through a mechanism unrelated to DNA methylation. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Here we report genome-wide composition, patterning, and stage-specific dynamics of DNA methylation in pre-implantation rhesus monkey embryos as well as male and female gametes studied using an optimized tagmentation-based whole-genome bisulfite sequencing method. (nature.com)
  • By the 8-cell stage, remethylation becomes more pronounced than demethylation, resulting in an increase in global DNA methylation. (nature.com)
  • We therefore decided to investigate comprehensively the global and high-resolution DNA methylation dynamics during early development of a non-human primate (rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta ). (nature.com)
  • Monkeys have served as one of the most valuable models for understanding DNA methylation dynamics during early embryogenesis in human due to their similarities in genetics and early embryonic development 17 , 18 . (nature.com)
Oocytes2
  • The production of CO2 from glucose by sheep embryos has been determined[ 3 ] and results have indicated that little glucose is utilized by the embryos of sheep and that blastocysts derived from oocytes, matured and fertilized in vitro , oxidized glucose at a lower rate than those developed in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, UHRF1 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos, where it may play a role unrelated to the nuclear function. (life-science-alliance.org)
Differentially expressed1
  • Differential expression analyses were performed between TBLCs and multi-embryonic cell stages to identify differentially expressed genes. (sciencegate.app)
Epiblast1
  • We show that this histone modification is first enriched at PCH in the whole embryo and evolves into a diffuse distribution in epiblast during its specification and maturation. (sciencegate.app)
Fertilization3
  • Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a technique used to identify chromosomal genetic abnormalities in embryos created through in vitro fertilization (IVF) before pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • The use of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A), formerly known as preimplantation genetic screening or PGS, has increased in recent years, now encompassing an estimated 40% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • … "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
Totipotent3
  • Currently, the ability to culture in vitro totipotent cells possessing molecular and functional features like those of an early embryo in vivo has been a challenge. (sciencegate.app)
  • However, it is disputed whether TBLCs are 'true' totipotent stem cells equivalent to in vivo two-cell stage embryos. (sciencegate.app)
  • Remarkably, a subpopulation within the TBLCs population expressed a high level of the totipotent-related genes Zscan4s and displayed transcriptomic features similar to mouse two-cell stage embryonic cells. (sciencegate.app)
Morula1
  • The first marked increase in the metabolism of glucose by ovine embryos was detected in compact morula stage, but there was no significant increase in the oxidation of glucose after the morula stage. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissues1
  • The TBLCs exhibited totipotency transcriptionally and acquired expanded developmental potential with the ability to yield various embryonic and extraembryonic tissues that may be employed as novel mouse developmental cell models. (sciencegate.app)
Stem cell3
  • Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
  • It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
  • The related coactivator complexes SAGA and ATAC control embryonic stem cell self-renewal through acetyltransferase-independent mechanisms. (axonmedchem.com)
Differentiation1
  • Abstract Early mouse development is characterized by structural and epigenetic changes at the chromatin level while cells progress towards differentiation. (sciencegate.app)
Chromatin2
  • These include chemical modifications of DNA bases, post-translational histone modifications and chromatin structure, and their configuration can be affected by a variety of environmental exposures. (frontiersin.org)
  • SUMOylation of linker histone H1 drives chromatin condensation and restriction of embryonic cell fate identity. (axonmedchem.com)
Embryogenesis3
  • However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Although the genome-wide DNA demethylation is believed to be a hallmark of mammalian embryogenesis, previous study also indicated that the somatic form of dnmt1 ( dnmt1s ) is actually expressed at each stage of pre-implantation embryos and plays a role in the maintenance of DNA imprinting 8 . (nature.com)
  • These results strongly suggest the possibility of DNA remethylation during pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
Metabolism4
  • 2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
  • The synchronization and ovulatory responses of Sangsari cross bred ewes and metabolism of energy substrates in 8-cell stage embryos to hatched blastocysts stage produced in vitro or in vivo were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Surgical embryo recovery was performed on Days 4 and 6 after onset of estrus (Day 0) and recovered embryos were subjected to comparative metabolism studies with in vitro derived embryos at the same stage of development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
Molecular1
  • Right here we review latest developments which have allowed the quantification of molecular inter-cellular heterogeneity with unparalleled resolution. (synanet2020.com)
Histone1
  • Expression can be controlled by reversible post-translational modifications on histone amino acid tails, with complex cross-talk between modifications ( Kouzarides, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
Metabolic1
  • 2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
Fertility1
Early3
  • In addition, pyruvate (0.33 mmol/L) and lactate (3.3 mmol/L) together were beneficial to early embryonic development in sheep[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To address this question, single-cell RNA sequencing was applied to TBLCs and cells from early mouse embryonic developmental stages and the data were integrated using canonical correlation analyses. (sciencegate.app)
  • This study underscores the subtle differences between in vitro derived TBLCs and in vivo mouse early developmental cell stages at the single-cell transcriptomic level. (sciencegate.app)
Fetus2
  • Windows of vulnerability" (i.e., times in development that the fetus or child is especially toxicant-sensitive) can profoundly affect the consequences of chemical exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • … "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
Mouse1
  • Throughout this review we concentrate on the decision between your Epi as well as the PrE destiny, and focus on the mouse as the utmost studied magic size program for preimplantation advancement extensively. (synanet2020.com)
Conclude2
  • Our findings led us to conclude that a low level of MWirradiation-induced oxidative stress not only suppresses implantation, but it may alsolead to deformity of the embryo in case pregnancy continues. (nomedicalcare.com)
  • We conclude by discussing differences and commonalities in preimplantation advancement between different mammalian varieties. (synanet2020.com)
Oxidative1
  • We also suggest that MWradiation-induced oxidative stress by increasing ROS production in the body may lead toDNA strand breakage in the brain cells and implantation failure/resorption or abnormalpregnancy in mice. (nomedicalcare.com)
Pregnancy3
  • Aneuploid conceptions constitute the majority of implantation and pregnancy failures in women of advanced maternal age. (medscape.com)
  • Preimplantation genetic testing is an umbrella term that refers to the assessment of embryos prior to implantation or pregnancy. (medscape.com)
  • Pregnancy complications such as multiple gestation, preterm or low birth weight infants can be reduced with single embryo transfers as only one embryo is transferred at a time. (medscape.com)
Successfully2
  • Since then, we have successfully analysed thousands of embryos and have achieved a solid experience in this type of test. (nadezhdahospital.com)
  • Edwards and Gardner successfully performed the first known embryo biopsy on rabbit embryos in 1968. (medscape.com)
Developmental3
  • Principles of Pediatric Environmental Health: Why Do a Child's Age and Developmental Stage Affect Physiological Susceptibility to Toxic Substances? (cdc.gov)
  • Table 2 lists developmental stages [Bearer 1995a, 1995b]. (cdc.gov)
  • Later in this primer, differing susceptibilities will be discussed by developmental stage. (cdc.gov)
Lineages1
  • The next cell fate decision bifurcates the ICM in to the Epi and PrE lineages. (synanet2020.com)
Adult1
  • Supported by epidemiological data and experimental studies, specific mechanisms have been defined linking environmental perturbations, disrupted fetal and neonatal development and adult ill-health. (mdpi.com)
Manipulation1
  • advancement in minimal moderate, the preimplantation embryo is a tractable system for analysis and manipulation in the single-cell level highly. (synanet2020.com)
Period1
  • II - from embryos that have been frozen for 3 (three) years or more, as of the date of publication of this Law, or that were frozen at the date of publication of this Law, after 3 (three) year period has lapsed, as of the date when it was actually frozen. (hinxtongroup.org)
Cells1
  • XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
Days1
  • At the end of a total of 45 days of exposure, mice weresacrificed, implantation sites were monitored, blood was processed to study stress parame-ters (hemoglobin, RBC and WBC count, and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio), the brainwas processed for comet assay, and plasma was used for nitric oxide (NO), progesterone andestradiol estimation. (nomedicalcare.com)
Single1
Cell2
  • Quantitative evaluation of tissue-processing procedures has permitted selection of conditions which reduce changes in linear dimensions to −1·6 ± 1·8 % in two-cell embryos. (sciencegate.app)
  • Dealing with this relevant query needs calculating cell-to-cell variability in the embryo, understanding its source, and identifying its practical relevance for following destiny decisions. (synanet2020.com)
Procedure1
  • Through the definition of a coordinate system based on mesh structure and the development of a special sectioning procedure, sections can be localized within the intact embryo and three-dimensional coordinates given to any element of embryo volume. (sciencegate.app)
Studies1
  • Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)
Techniques1
Control2
  • We observed that implantation sites were affected significantly inMW-irradiated mice as compared to control. (nomedicalcare.com)
  • The use of a mesh system allows identification of individual embryos by position, and control of their orientation during culture and preparation for light and electron microscopy. (sciencegate.app)
System1
  • Organ system function changes with development. (cdc.gov)