• Periodontal diseases (PD) are complex oral inflammatory diseases initiated by keystone bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. (nih.gov)
  • Eight week old male ApoEnull mice were either sham-infected or infected orally for 16 weeks with a mixture of major periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia to induce experimental periodontitis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we used a mouse model to examine the role of the adaptive immune response in alveolar bone loss induced by oral infection with the human gram-negative anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. (jax.org)
  • These results suggest that the adaptive immune response, and in particular CD4(+) T cells and the proinflammatory cytokines that they secrete, are important effectors of bone loss consequent to P. gingivalis oral infection. (jax.org)
  • Although AGNB perform beneficial functions as part of the GI flora, they are also consummate opportunistic pathogens that can cause serious infections, typically in synergistic infections in combination with other anaerobic as well as aerobic bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • Severe combined immunodeficient mice, which lack B and T lymphocytes, exhibited considerably less bone loss than did immunocompetent mice after oral infection, suggesting that lymphocytes contribute to this process. (jax.org)
  • Bone loss after oral infection was decreased in mice deficient in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-responsive CD4(+) T cells, but no change in bone loss was observed in mice deficient in MHC class I-responsive CD8(+) T cells or NK1(+) T cells. (jax.org)
  • In addition, we also have investigated how the antioxidant system (NRF2-Phase II enzyme expression) in vascular and GI specimens is altered by oral infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Infections due to AGNB are common, yet the specific identification of AGNB in these infections is difficult. (medscape.com)
  • Most infections due to AGNB originate from the endogenous mucosal membrane florae. (medscape.com)
  • AGNB infections are generally polymicrobial. (medscape.com)
  • AGNB promote infection through synergy with their aerobic and anaerobic counterparts and with each other. (medscape.com)
  • The exact frequency of AGNB infection is difficult to calculate because of inappropriate methods of collection, transportation, and cultivation of specimens. (medscape.com)
  • AGNB are more commonly found in chronic infections. (medscape.com)
  • Periodontal disease is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease and is associated with complex microbial infection in the subgingival cavity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We sought to examine the mechanism of periodontal infection leading to altered vascular and gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation, focusing on the BH4/nNOS pathways. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Serum, vascular (mesenteric), stomach, and colon specimens were collected at the end of periodontal pathogen infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The studies also reinforce the utility of the mouse oral infection model in dissecting the pathobiology of periodontal disease. (jax.org)
  • It is a key pathogen in endodontic infections. (nih.gov)
  • Bacteroides species are anaerobic bacteria that are predominant components of the bacterial florae of mucous membranes[2] and are therefore a common cause of endogenous infections. (medscape.com)
  • Although AGNB perform beneficial functions as part of the GI flora, they are also consummate opportunistic pathogens that can cause serious infections, typically in synergistic infections in combination with other anaerobic as well as aerobic bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • NLRX1 modulates differentially NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-?B signaling during Fusobacterium nucleatum infection. (musc.edu)
  • This article describes infections caused by the Bacteroides fragilis[1] group and other anaerobic gram-negative bacilli (AGNB) that were previously included in the Bacteroides genus but are now included in the Prevotella and Porphyromonas genera. (medscape.com)
  • Prevotella bivia and Prevotella disiens (previously called Bacteroides) are important in obstetric and gynecologic infections. (medscape.com)
  • In mice, oral Toxoplasma gondii infection induces severe ileitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Infection increased serum IL-6 and IFN-γ and tissue caspase-1 but not NLRP3 in P2X7-/- mice compared to WT mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bacteroidaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Rhodospirillales increased while Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillaceae decreased in the infected WT and P2X7-/- mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • P2X7 protects mice against T. gondii infection by activating the inflammasome and regulating the local and systemic immune responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • AGNB are more commonly found in chronic infections. (medscape.com)
  • The type of copathogens depends on the infection site and the circumstances of the infection. (medscape.com)