AnatomyDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
InfarctionBrain Stem InfarctionsBrain StemPonsMyocardial InfarctionCerebral InfarctionStem CellsBrain ChemistryBrain Stem NeoplasmsBrainBrain NeoplasmsBrain InjuriesMagnetic Resonance ImagingBrain MappingTime FactorsEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemStem Cell TransplantationMedulla OblongataPlant StemsHematopoietic Stem CellsNeuronsBrain IschemiaAdult Stem CellsElectrocardiographyNeoplastic Stem CellsBrain EdemaCerebellumTreatment OutcomeAngioplasty, Balloon, CoronaryThrombolytic TherapyProspective StudiesPluripotent Stem CellsSplenic InfarctionCoronary AngiographyAnterior Wall Myocardial InfarctionRisk FactorsDisease Models, AnimalCerebral CortexSolitary NucleusVentricular RemodelingReticular FormationMyocardial ReperfusionCerebellar DiseasesHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationNeural Pathways
MidbrainCerebellumCerebral InfarctionCerebellar infarctionSpinal cordHemorrhageLesionsBasilar arteryBasal gangliaEtiologyMedulla oblongataMyocardialVertebralAxialIschemicOcclusionDemyelinationDysarthriaRupturesBilateralMiddle cerebrMain arteriesAneurysmArteriesCortexTomographyManifestationsArterialClinicalSecondaryTraumatic diffusSymptomsCarotidBridging veinsVesselsIntracranial pressureTissueSyndromeAnatomyBranchesDeficitsInferiorBloodNucleusFracturePrimarySignalsBaseLargeAdjacentSurfaceTermParts of the brainInjuries
Midbrain4
  • Proximal to its bifurcation into the terminal branches (PCAs), the basilar artery gives off the superior cerebellar arteries that supply the lateral aspect of the pons and midbrain, as well as the superior surface of the cerebellum. (medscape.com)
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage may also occur in other parts of the brain stem or in the midbrain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • compressing the brain stem and often causing secondary hemorrhages in the midbrain and pons. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our patient is having bilateral hypertrophic degeneration from lesion located in the midbrain and Pons. (neuroradiologycases.com)
Cerebellum1
  • A continuation of patterns of the spinal cord vascular supply has been postulated for the brain stem with additional circumferential branches for the pons and cerebellum. (ajnr.org)
Cerebral Infarction3
  • In this case, the fenestration may have played a role as an embolic source because there was no probable cause of the cerebral infarction, and the vascular occlusion and recanalization occurred near the distal site of the fenestration. (nih.gov)
  • The development of cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke) may be accompanied by sporadic or progressive over several days, neurologic deficit. (minclinic.ru)
  • After a few hours or days after the development of cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke), the patient's condition is improving, although some patients become disabled. (minclinic.ru)
Cerebellar infarction1
  • According to these findings, the patient was diagnosed with brainstem and cerebellar infarction. (nih.gov)
Spinal cord7
  • In the present cases, the morbidity and mortality were low and the characteristic clinical signs were flaccid paralysis of the hind limbs. The nonsuppurative lesions were distributed mainly in the gray matter of the brainstem and the spinal cord. These clinical and histological features of the present disease are similar to those of the disease produced by less virulent PTV strains, especially those of Talfan disease. (askjpc.org)
  • A few complications that arise from injury to the spinal cord or brainstem will also be mentioned. (human-memory.net)
  • The motor fibres that travel from the brain to the medulla oblongata and spinal cord are housed in the two pyramids. (human-memory.net)
  • This bundle of nerve fibers in the brain carries information between cells in the outermost layer of the brain (cerebral cortex) and those in the brain stem (the lower part of the brain connected to the spinal cord). (prakash.com)
  • A measurement of the pressure of brain tissue and the cerebrospinal fluid that cushions and surrounds the brain and spinal cord. (fastceforless.com)
  • A physical maneuver used to evaluate an individual for a suspected case of meningitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. (fastceforless.com)
  • PYY immunoreactivity is also found in the CNS regions such as the hypothalamus, medulla, pons, and spinal cord [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hemorrhage5
  • these injuries result from direct impact to the head (eg, scalp laceration and contusion, skull fracture, epidural hemorrhage , subdural hemorrhage , brain contusion ). (medscape.com)
  • Cerebellar hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition with significant risk for neurologic decline due to brainstem compression and hydrocephalus. (medlink.com)
  • Intracerebral hemorrhage is focal bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain parenchyma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Blood from an intracerebral hemorrhage accumulates as a mass that can dissect through and compress adjacent brain tissues, causing neuronal dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This leads to hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space and sometimes in brain parenchyma . (mdwiki.org)
Lesions5
  • The secondary damages are those produced by complications arising from the primary damages and include the lesions produced by increased intracranial pressure, ischemia, brain swelling, and infection. (medscape.com)
  • Other types of pathology in the brain stem segment are neoplasms (mostly glioma and metastases), vascular lesions (infarction, cavernoma) and infections (rhombencephalitis). (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • The clinical correlates of these smaller lesions consist of a variety of focal neurologic deficits, depending on their location within the brainstem. (medscape.com)
  • Occlusions of these small vessels lead to small, round infarctions called lacunes, which may appear as single lesions or may be distributed as multiple lesions scattered widely throughout the subcortex and brainstem. (medscape.com)
  • Hypertrophic olivary degeneration is a rare finding secondary to focal lesions of the brain stem involving Guillain-Mollaret triangle. (neuroradiologycases.com)
Basilar artery3
  • At the top of the pons, the basilar artery divides into 2 posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs). (medscape.com)
  • The pons is perfused by small, penetrating branches from the basilar artery and its major branches. (medscape.com)
  • Compromise of perforating branches of the basilar artery resulting in brain stem infarctions has been described as a major complication of intracranial stent placement for basilar artery stenosis or after implantation of endovascular flow diverters. (ajnr.org)
Basal ganglia2
  • Distal Stem Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Infarction involve the distribution of both, superior as well as inferior division of the middle cerebral artery with sparing of basal ganglia, results when an embolus blocks the MCA distal main stem after the take-off of the lenticulostriate vessels which supply basal ganglia. (neuroradiologycases.com)
  • Proximal Stem Middle Cerebral Artery infarct involves deeper basal ganglia in addition. (neuroradiologycases.com)
Etiology1
  • Acute vestibular syndrome can be due to stroke, and bedside neurologic testing has been shown to be highly sensitive for detection of a central etiology, even in the setting of a negative brain MRI. (medlink.com)
Medulla oblongata1
  • The medullary pyramids are two white matter formations in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem that carry motor fibres from the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts, which are commonly understood as the pyramidal tracts. (human-memory.net)
Myocardial3
Vertebral1
  • The trunk of the middle cerebral artery, as well as the arteries, forming the Willis' artery (A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery, anterior and posterior communicating artery, prekommunalnye segments posterior cerebral arteries), the main and vertebral arteries all together give the branch diameter 100-400 mm, perforating the deep gray and white matter of the cerebrum and brain stem. (minclinic.ru)
Axial3
Ischemic3
  • Patients with large cerebellar ischemic strokes can have a delayed neurologic decline due to the development of cerebellar edema leading to brainstem compression and obstructive hydrocephalus. (medlink.com)
  • The share of lacunar infarcts of the brain accounts for 10 % of cases of ischemic stroke. (minclinic.ru)
  • Often lacunar infarctions of the brain accompanied by lacunar transient ischemic attack (TIA). (minclinic.ru)
Occlusion3
  • Distal MCA stem occlusion infarct result in contralateral hemiplegia affecting the lower face and arm more than the leg, similar distribution contralateral hemisensory loss and a contralateral visual field deficit. (neuroradiologycases.com)
  • Occlusion of the proximal main stem of the MCA affect the superior division, inferior division as well as the lenticulostriate perforators. (neuroradiologycases.com)
  • Dominant hemisphere involvement result in an associated global aphasia where as non-dominant hemispheric infarct is associated with a neglect syndrome.The major clinical difference between a proximal and distal MCA stem occlusion is that with a proximal lesion the leg is plegic as well. (neuroradiologycases.com)
Demyelination1
Dysarthria1
  • Restricted caudate infarction may cause behavioral and cognitive deficits consisting of abulia, restlessness, agitation, disinhibition, and mood changes, sometimes associated with dysarthria and movement disorders. (prakash.com)
Ruptures2
Bilateral1
Middle cerebr1
  • The term "lacunar infarction" describe atherosclerosis and thrombosis lipogialinoznoe damage with blocked arteries penetrating branches of the circle of Willis, middle cerebral artery trunk, as well as vertebrates and the main arteries of the brain. (minclinic.ru)
Main arteries1
  • Because of this arrangement of collateral vessels, even when one of the main arteries is occluded, adequate perfusion of the brain still may be possible. (medscape.com)
Aneurysm1
  • A cerebral aneurysm , also known as a brain aneurysm , is when there is a localized ballooning of a blood vessel located around the brain . (mdwiki.org)
Arteries3
  • At the base of the brain, the carotid and basilar systems join to form a circle of large, communicating arteries known as the circle of Willis. (medscape.com)
  • View of the base of the brain arteries, blockage which can lead to lacunar infarcts (lacunar disease of the brain). (minclinic.ru)
  • Arteries to the brain on magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA). (medscape.com)
Cortex5
  • Arousal is a primitive state of alertness managed by the reticular activating system (extending from medulla to the thalamus in the core of the brain stem) activating the cortex. (brainline.org)
  • The inertial movement of the brain is maximal in the cortex but extends into the brain with greater forces. (medscape.com)
  • Both brain stem and cerebral cortex play a role in motor function and sensation and it is the corona radiata that links both sensory and motor nerve pathways between these structures. (prakash.com)
  • First, although the pons and corona radiata belong to a pathway with the same structural connection between the cortex and brain stem, the IS-induced variations in the network centrality indexed by ReHo and DC may be more anatomy-specific than pathway specific. (prakash.com)
  • CT study of Brain shows an infarct involving involving right peri sylvian cerebral cortex and adjacent insular cortex. (neuroradiologycases.com)
Tomography2
  • The following is a computed tomography (CT) image of the brain in a woman who suffered an eclamptic seizure. (medscape.com)
  • Nonenhanced computed tomography scan of a woman's brain following an eclamptic seizure, showing hypodense areas involving white matter of the occipital lobes and the high frontal/parietal lobes. (medscape.com)
Manifestations1
  • AML affects the ocular system through direct infiltration of tissues, secondary to hematological abnormalities, or in the form of chloroma or myeloid sarcoma in the brain or orbit consequently leading to a variety of manifestations depending on the ocular tissue involved. (dovepress.com)
Arterial1
Clinical1
  • Here, we present the clinical spectrum, the diagnostic methods, and the potential pathogenesis of the COVID-19 that result from brainstem dysfunctions. (scientificarchives.com)
Secondary1
  • Head injuries can be classified into 2 major categories of brain damage, primary and secondary damages. (medscape.com)
Traumatic diffus1
  • It is this inertial movement of the brain that results in traumatic diffuse axonal injury. (medscape.com)
Symptoms1
  • Symptoms can include: Weakness or paralysis of the face, arm, leg, foot or toes Sudden numbness Difficulty walking Difficulty speaking Clumsiness of a hand or arm Weakness or paralysis of eye muscles Getting treatment right away can prevent serious brain damage and improve your chances of survival. (prakash.com)
Carotid1
  • A progressive blood vessel disorder where the carotid artery in the skull is blocked or narrowed reducing blood flow to the brain. (fastceforless.com)
Bridging veins1
  • Because the dura is attached to the skull, differential movement between the skull and the brain may strain and tear bridging veins to the point of failure and cause bleeding into the subdural space. (medscape.com)
Vessels1
  • The MCA main stem runs laterally towards Sylvian fissure, giving off the lenticulostriate vessels. (neuroradiologycases.com)
Intracranial pressure1
  • Brain Herniation Brain herniation occurs when increased intracranial pressure causes the abnormal protrusion of brain tissue through openings in rigid intracranial barriers (eg, tentorial notch). (msdmanuals.com)
Tissue2
  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Intravenous infusion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves tissue perfusion in a rat hindlimb ischemia model. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Syndrome1
  • Possible role of intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in a Toll-like receptor-7 agonist-induced experimental animal model in rat. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Anatomy1
  • Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed DSA images and 3D rotational angiography with a review of literature for an imaging definition of microvascular anatomy of the brain stem. (ajnr.org)
Branches1
  • Our results demonstrate that 2D DSA and 3D-rotation techniques are able to reliably visualize the penetrating branches of the brain stem in vivo. (ajnr.org)
Deficits1
  • Caused by damage to brain cells rather than deficits in speech or hearing organs. (brainline.org)
Inferior2
  • The MCA main stem then bifurcates into superior and inferior divisions. (neuroradiologycases.com)
  • Area of involvement corresponds to right MCA distal main stem (superior as well as inferior division) territory. (neuroradiologycases.com)
Blood7
  • When blood flow to the brain is reduced or when oxygen in the blood is too low, brain cells are damaged. (brainline.org)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the hematopoietic stem cells characterized by abnormal proliferation of myeloid blast cells in the bone marrow and blood, preventing them from further differentiating into the specialized cells of the bone marrow and thus causing pancytopenia. (dovepress.com)
  • Caused by bleeding in the brain from a ruptured blood vessel. (fastceforless.com)
  • The detection of brainstem dysfunction mainly relies on neurological examination and non-invasive methods, such as pupillometer and spectral analyses of heart rate and blood pressure. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Properties of this herb penetrates the blood brain barrier to increase circulation and dilate the capillaries in the brain. (trilliumhealthsolutions.com)
  • Ren dong teng - Lonicera Stem - Helps with detoxification - specifically to cool the blood associated with "fire toxin" bartonella, babesia, mycoplasma, etc. (trilliumhealthsolutions.com)
  • It receives blood from a vein in the nasal cavity, runs backwards, and gradually increases in size as blood drains from veins of the brain and the DURA MATER. (bvsalud.org)
Nucleus1
  • The trigeminal nerve originates from two separate nuclei in the pons: the sensory division from the sensory nucleus (green dot) and the motor division from the motor nucleus (red dot). (radiologyassistant.nl)
Fracture1
  • Crushing head injuries are relatively rare and are caused when a massive weight crushes the stationary head and results in comminuted fractures of the calvarium, facial skeleton, and skull base, with fracture contusions and fracture lacerations of the brain. (medscape.com)
Primary1
  • The primary damages are those that occur at the moment of the injury and include scalp lacerations, skull fractures , contusions and lacerations of the brain, diffuse axonal injury , and the intracranial hemorrhages. (medscape.com)
Signals1
  • Recent studies have improved our understanding of energy homeostasis by identifying sophisticated neurohumoral networks which convey signals between the brain and gut in order to control food intake. (hindawi.com)
Base1
  • The camera follows those clots, and zoom into the base of the brainstem where the clots (represented as glowing lights) are seen lodging near the origination of the right side CNV and CNVI. (smartimagebase.com)
Large2
  • Head injury or traumatic brain injury traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) has been a large contributor to mortality and morbidity throughout the ages, but a number of developments of modern living have served to increase the number of cases of TBI in the present day. (medscape.com)
  • HN - 2008 MH - Superior Sagittal Sinus UI - D054063 MN - A07.231.908.224.667 MS - The long large endothelium-lined venous channel on the top outer surface of the brain. (bvsalud.org)
Adjacent1
Surface1
  • From these nuclei, the trigeminal nerve courses anteriorly, to the ventrolateral surface of the pons to continue with the cisternal segment in the prepontine cistern. (radiologyassistant.nl)
Term2
  • acquired brain injury - the implication of this term is that the individual experienced normal growth and development from conception through birth, until sustaining an insult to the brain at some later time which resulted in impairment of brain function. (brainline.org)
  • In addition to its short and long-term neurological consequences, the COVID-19-related brainstem dysfunction compromises the adaptive response to stress and contributes to organ failure and death. (scientificarchives.com)
Parts of the brain1
  • Different parts of the brain are responsible for various tasks that need to be performed correctly to ensure the working and functioning of a healthy body. (human-memory.net)
Injuries2
  • A great variety of injuries may affect the scalp, skull, and brain . (medscape.com)
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be classified into static and dynamic injuries, depending on the rate with which force is loaded to the head. (medscape.com)