• In the human brain the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cross-section of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus Cross-section of the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus The pons lies between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata. (wikipedia.org)
  • Without further subdivision, midbrain develops into a short, constricted portion connecting the pons and the diencephalon. (lecturio.com)
  • Brainstem: The portion of the brain that includes the midbrain, pons and medulla, thalamus and hypothalamus. (chiariproject.org)
  • CT scan showed a large hematoma occupying the midbrain and upper pons extending more towards the right side. (docksci.com)
  • The pons is connected to the cerebellum by the cerebellar peduncles. (wikipedia.org)
  • A continuation of patterns of the spinal cord vascular supply has been postulated for the brain stem with additional circumferential branches for the pons and cerebellum. (ajnr.org)
  • Cerebellum: Vermis of cerebellum/Hemisphere of cerebellum/Superior Cerbellar Artery/ Antererior inferior acerebellar atery/Posterior inferior cerebella artery. (thescienceshop.co.nz)
  • The pons (O.T. pons Varolii) is a marked white prominence on the basal aspect of the brain which is interposed between the medulla oblongata and the pedunculi cerebri, and lies in front of the cerebellum. (co.ma)
  • It is usual to restrict the term 'pons to that portion of the structure which lies between the two trigeminal nerves, and to apply the designation of brachium pontis to the part which extends beyond the nerve into the hemisphere of the cerebellum. (co.ma)
  • It is made up of the cerebellum, the pons, and the medulla. (medscape.com)
  • The pons, located just above the medulla, connects the top of the brain to the cerebellum. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is one of three vessels that provides arterial blood supply to the cerebellum . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Basilar impression: Upward displacement, particularly of the uppermost part of the cervical spine, into the region of the posterior fossa often producing compression of the brainstem and portions of the cerebellum. (chiariproject.org)
  • Cerebrum: Frontal Lobe/Parietai lobe/Temporal Lobe/Occipital Lobe/ Insula/Hippocampus/Lateral Ventricles/Corpus Callosum/Fornix/Intrrnal Carotid Artery/ Middle cerebral Artery/Anterior Cerebal artery/Posterior Cerebral artery/Basllar Artery/Vetabrae Arter. (thescienceshop.co.nz)
  • To make things even more "interesting", the entire posterior fossa venous system is seldom optimally visualized from a single vertebral artery injection - even when transient contrast reflux allows for opacification of the contralateral PICA, the amount of dye going into that system is not enough to provide adequate visualization of the corresponding venous territory. (neuroangio.org)
  • Diencephalon: Thalmus/Hypothalmus/Hyppphysis/Optic Nerve/Pineal body/Medialgeniculate body/Lateral geniculare body MESENCEPHALON: Superior Collcull/Inferior collcull/Trochlear nerve/Ocullomoteor nerve. (thescienceshop.co.nz)
  • The trigeminal nerve, with its large entering sensory root and its small emerging motor root, is attached to the side of the anterior aspect of the pons, nearer its superior than its inferior border (Fig. 481). (co.ma)
  • The abducens nerve, the facial nerve, and the acoustic nerve are attached to the brain at the inferior border of the pons. (co.ma)
  • the facial and acoustic are also attached to the inferior edge of the pons, but far away from the median plane. (co.ma)
  • A large bundle of fibres upon the front of the pons departs from the transverse course pursued by most of the pontine fibres, and starting at the medial side of the trigeminal nerve, passes almost vertically downwards between the facial and acoustic nerves (Fig. 526, p. 593) and reaches the lateral aspect of the medulla oblongata, where it passes into the corpus ponto-bulbare (Fig. 481). (co.ma)
  • Compromise of perforating branches of the basilar artery resulting in brain stem infarctions has been described as a major complication of intracranial stent placement for basilar artery stenosis or after implantation of endovascular flow diverters. (ajnr.org)
  • This strand is termed the brachium pontis, and the term 'pons,' applied to the entire structure, expresses in an admirable way the arch-like manner in which this portion of the brain bridges across the interval between the two cerebellar hemispheres. (co.ma)
  • Streeter was chiefly concerned, however, with the dural sinuses as illustrative of fundamentals of the vascular apparatus dependent on changing factors in its environment (1918), and dealt only incidentally with the veins (and arteries) of the brain and extracranial parts. (edu.au)
  • PONS: Trigeminal nerve/Abducent nerve/Facial Nerve & intrmediate nerve/Vestibulocochlear nerve. (thescienceshop.co.nz)
  • Intra-arachnoid cysts are noncommunicating, the basilar bifurcation pushes posteriorly against the brainstem. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The arterial mask image, for example, helps appreciate that the large vein denoted by the blue arrow is a prominent anterior pontomesencephalic vein (which is located anteriorly along the basilar artery), and not the more posteriorly located lateral mesencephaic vein (white arrow). (neuroangio.org)
  • The pons houses the respiratory pneumotaxic center and apneustic center that make up the pontine respiratory group in the respiratory center. (wikipedia.org)
  • On 2D and 3D DSA images, small arterial side branches of the basilar artery can be demonstrated in each of the cases but with a wide variation in the visibility of these vessels. (ajnr.org)
  • The microvascular anatomy of the vertebrobasilar junction and the distal basilar tip has been described in detail in the neurosurgical and neuroradiologic literature. (ajnr.org)
  • 5 ⇓ - 7 Remarkably, there are no comparable descriptions of the proximal and middle portion of the basilar artery in the imaging and neurosurgical literature. (ajnr.org)
  • The ventral surface of the pons is in relation to the basilar part of the occipital bone and the dorsum selle of the sphenoid bone. (co.ma)
  • however, there is a lack of consistent presentation of the small branches of the basilar artery in the imaging literature. (ajnr.org)
  • In respect to the arteries, the author was forearmed, from the literature and from personal observation, with a reasonably wide knowledge_of the human adult configuration and its variations. (edu.au)
  • No zone of basilar artery is free from important side branches. (ajnr.org)
  • This median depression is produced by the prominence which is caused on each side by the passage of the cerebro-spinal fasciculus downwards through the pons. (co.ma)
  • Moreover, there is no overstatemcnt in Mall's picturesque comment that the "history of the arteries is relatively simple when compared with the gyrations the veins undergo. (edu.au)
  • The present communication is the logical outcome of the author's companion study of the development of the cranial arteries in the human embryo (Padget, 1948, 1954). (edu.au)
  • Confusion is not uncommon in this condition because of reversible ischemia in the thalamus caused by blockade of thalamoperforant arteries branching from the top of the basilar artery or the proximal segments of the posterior cerebral artery. (medscape.com)
  • A fetal (origin of the) posterior cerebral artery is a common variant in the posterior cerebral circulation , estimated to occur in 20-30% of individuals 2 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The posterior communicating artery (PCom) is larger than the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and supplies the bulk of the blood to the PCA 4 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • 1. Yamamoto Y, Georgiadis A, Chang H, Caplan L. Posterior Cerebral Artery Territory Infarcts in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Fetal-Type Variants of the Posterior Cerebral Artery and Concurrent Infarction in the Major Arterial Territories of the Cerebral Hemisphere. (radiopaedia.org)
  • 4. Capone S, Shah N, George-St Bernard R. A Fetal-Type Variant Posterior Communicating Artery and Its Clinical Significance. (radiopaedia.org)
  • 5. Mohamed Micdhadhu M, Kho K, Murad M, Looi I. Fetal Posterior Communicating Artery as a Conduit for Concurrent Anterior and Posterior Circulation Infarct: A Case Report. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The internal carotid artery enters the posterior inferior aspect of the sinus and bends upon itself as the carotid siphon ( cavernous segment - C4 ). (radiopaedia.org)
  • In the human brain the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main supply of blood to the brainstem is provided by the basilar arteries and the vertebral arteries. (medizzy.com)
  • Caudally, the pontomesencephalic vein may be contiguous with the anterior medullary vein (M), which is contiguous with the anterior spinal vein (N). This is the easiest system to understand - it marks the anterior border of the brainstem in the lateral view, and as such is usually located adjacent to the basilar artery. (neuroangio.org)
  • Another instance of very dominant anterior pontomesencephalic vein, draining via peduncular veins (F) into the basilar vein (B). This is particulary well seen on the Townes frontal view, where it is critical to understand the relationship of the brainstem with respect to the venous structures. (neuroangio.org)
  • Background: The subcallosal artery is a proximal branch of the anterior communicating artery and has been recognized as the vessel responsible for fornix infarction. (easternartreport.net)
  • The anterior pontomesencephalic vein usually runs adjacent to the basilar artery, as seen in this image where the arterial phase is selected as a "mask" image, this serving as a while landmark on a gray background. (neuroangio.org)
  • The vertebral arteries arise from the subclavian arteries, one on each side of the body, then enter deep to the transverse process at the level of the 6th cervical vertebrae (C6), or occasionally (in 7.5% of cases) at the level of C7. (easternartreport.net)
  • The muscular and lateral spinal arteries are the cervical branches. (easternartreport.net)
  • The artery is surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves from the superior cervical ganglion . (radiopaedia.org)
  • The 4th ventricle is located essentially behind the pons and below the precentral vein (a.k.a. the cerebellomesencephalic fissure vein in Rhoton). (neuroangio.org)
  • The pons co-ordinates activities of the cerebellar hemispheres. (wikipedia.org)
  • The artery sends branches to the tectum, the vermis, and the medial aspect of the cerebellar hemisphere. (easternartreport.net)
  • Although I do not know anything about the age of the patient or cerebrovascular risk factors, my first differential diagnosis would be a reversible brain-stem ischemia, probably caused by basilar embolism. (medscape.com)
  • I would go back and look very carefully at the MRI with special attention to the upper pons, the mesencephalon, and the dorsal thalamic nuclei. (medscape.com)
  • The vertebral arteries are located in the back of the neck near the spine and cannot be felt on physical exam. (easternartreport.net)