Pombe further cell regulate cell cycle progression and checkpoints. Medical search. Frequent questions

Wee1 is a nuclear kinase belonging to the Ser/Thr family of protein kinases in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe). (wikipedia.org)
Caspari T, Dahlen M, Kanter-Smoler G, Lindsay HD, Hofmann K, Papadimitriou K, Sunnerhagen P and Carr AM, 2000 , Characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hus1: a PCNA-related protein that associates with Rad1 and Rad9. (bangor.ac.uk)
Telomeric silencing has been demonstrated in organisms ranging from yeasts to humans (reviewed in [ 9 ]) but it has been best characterized in S. cerevisiae , Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Drosophila melanogaster , organisms that have no, or very little, DNA methylation. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we isolated the CIII2CIV supercomplex from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and determined its structure with bound cyt. (bvsalud.org)
This study reveals unknown aspects of the metabolic regulation of cell division in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (bvsalud.org)
The homothallic fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe undergoes sexual differentiation when starved, but sam (skips the requirement of starvation for mating) mutants such as those carrying mutations in adenylate cyclase (cyr1) or protein kinase A (pka1) mate without starvation. (bvsalud.org)
Human Rad 9 ( hRad9 ) was originally identified as a structural homologue of yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe rad 9 , which can partially rescue the sensitivity of rad 9 null yeast to hydroxyurea, radiation damage and the associated checkpoint defects [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we demonstrate that S-palmitoylation mediated by Erf2-Erf4 and Akr1 palmitoylacyltransferases is required at multiple meiotic stages in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe . (life-science-alliance.org)

It is a kinase determining the timepoint of entry into mitosis, thus influencing the size of the daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
Thus in S. pombe Wee1 regulation is mainly under the control of phosphorylation through the polarity kinase, Pom1's, pathway including Cdr2 and Cdr1. (wikipedia.org)
Bud-neck associating kinases Cla4 and Cdc5 (polo kinase homologue) phosphorylate Swe1 at different stages of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Mahyous Saeyd Salah Adam, Ewert-Krzemieniewska Katarzyna, Liu Boyin, Caspari Thomas, 2014 , Hyperactive Cdc2 kinase interferes with the response to broken replication forks by trapping S.pombe Crb2 in its mitotic T215 phosphorylated state . (bangor.ac.uk)
We show that changing the carbon source from glucose to lactic acid alters the functions of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) Cdc2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Sty1, leading to unanticipated outcomes in the behavior and fate of such cells. (bvsalud.org)
Ectopic kinase overexpression in any culture cell line leads to polyploidy and centrosome amplification. (lookformedical.com)
Those transformed cells form tumours when implanted in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the kinase is an oncogene. (lookformedical.com)
In addition, we investigated several cell cycle-related proteins and found that co-knockdown of hTopBP1 and hMYH significantly diminished cell cycle arrest due to compromised checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) activation. (biomedcentral.com)
It also directly binds to BubR1, a kinetochore-associated kinase implicated in the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control pathway in which unattached kinetochores prevent anaphase onset. (rupress.org)
Thus, CENP-E is required for enhancing recruitment of its binding partner BubR1 to each unattached kinetochore and for stimulating BubR1 kinase activity, implicating it as an essential amplifier of a basal mitotic checkpoint signal. (rupress.org)
It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)

It influences cell size by inhibiting the entry into mitosis, through inhibiting Cdk1. (wikipedia.org)
Cell size checkpoint: There is evidence for the existence of a cell size checkpoint, which prevents small cells from entering mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
In S. pombe this checkpoint delays the mitosis entry of cells with DNA damage (for example induced by gamma radiation). (wikipedia.org)
In S. pombe, Wee1 is phosphorylated Cdk1 and cyclin B make up the maturation promoting factor (MPF) which promotes the entry into mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
In addition cells have evolved a damage-sensing checkpoint system whereby the cells delay entry into mitosis until the break has been repaired. (brandeis.edu)
TP53 is a checkpoint molecule that maintains genomic stability, prevents cell mitosis and induces apoptosis following abnormal chromosome segregation or chemical damage to DNA sequences [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis). (mathisfunforum.com)
In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle, in which, replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. (mathisfunforum.com)
The different stages of mitosis all together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle-the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
After growth, cell division by mitosis allows for continual construction and repair of the organism. (mathisfunforum.com)
Eukaryotic cell divisions can be classified as mitosis (equational division) and meiosis (reductional division). (mathisfunforum.com)

The 9-1-1 complex has also been found to interact with base excision repair factors human DNA polymerase beta, flap endonuclease FEN1, and the S. pombe MutY homolog (SpMYH), indicating that 9-1-1 also plays a direct role in DNA repair. (reactome.org)

Recombination between homologous sequences is a fundamentally important process both in meiosis and in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)
To this end we have expressed the site-specific HO endonuclease in meiotic cells so that we can compare recombination events at the same loci where we have used HO to stimulate recombination in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
PP2A Cdc55 prevents the untimely activation of the mitotic exit in different ways: by the adaptation to the spindle assembly checkpoint, regulating the cohesin cleavage and by inhibiting Cdc14 release from the nucleolus ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
Later on, during late anaphase PP2A regulate the mitotic exit network (MEN in budding yeast or SIN in fission yeast). (encyclopedia.pub)
On a larger scale, mitotic cell division can create progeny from multicellular organisms, such as plants that grow from cuttings. (mathisfunforum.com)
Mitotic cell division enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop from the one-celled zygote, which itself was produced by meiotic cell division from gametes. (mathisfunforum.com)
The amitotic or mitotic cell division is more atypical and diverse in the various groups of organisms such as protists (namely diatoms, dinoflagellates etc.) and fungi. (mathisfunforum.com)
In mitotic metaphase, typically the chromosomes (each with 2 sister chromatid that they developed due to replication in the S phase of interphase) arranged and sister chromatids split and distributed towards daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
These filaments also bind and recruit cofactors whose activities help execute abscission and/or delay abscission timing in response to mitotic errors via the NoCut/Abscission checkpoint. (elifesciences.org)

Cdk1 itself negatively regulates Wee1 by phosphorylation, which leads to a positive feedback loop. (wikipedia.org)
Higher eukaryotes regulate Wee1 via phosphorylation and degradation In higher eukaryotes, Wee1 inactivation occurs both by phosphorylation and degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Cdc55 counteracts the Cdk1 phosphorylation of the APC/C subunit Cdc16 [ 11 ] [ 10 ] , keeping the spindle checkpoint assembly (SAC) active until the cell is prepared for anaphase. (encyclopedia.pub)
The accumulation of hTopBP1 on chromatin and its subsequent interaction with hRad9 lead to cell cycle arrest, a process mediated by Chk1 phosphorylation and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) activation. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally we shown that CTMP delayed PKB/Akt phosphorylation following cell death induction suggesting that CTMP regulates apoptosis via inhibition of PKB/Akt. (tech-strategy.org)

We have been fascinated by the process of yeast mating-type gene switching, in which cells replace about 700 bp of Ya or Y-specific DNA sequences at the MAT locus by recombining with one of two donor loci, called HMLDescription: image3 and HMRa. (brandeis.edu)
hRad9 is a cell cycle checkpoint gene that is up-regulated in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations of p53 gene in hepatocellular carci- noma (HCC) correlate with tumor progression and patient prognosis: a study of 138 patients with unifocal HCC. (forexsignalx.com)
This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. (thermofisher.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. (affbiotech.com)

The S. cerevisiae protein Swe1 is also regulated by degradation. (wikipedia.org)
The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (nature.com)

Functional communication of Cdc2 with Sty1 is known to be an integral part of the cellular response to aberrant Cdc2 activity in S. pombe. (bvsalud.org)
Of containers in batch No. pombe Temperature-sensitive mutations in cdc2, one of several dif- ferent cdc genes in S. 4 The annual cost to society of disc-related conditions is estimated at 20 to 50 billion. (forexsignalx.com)

Increased hRad9 protein was observed in breast cancer cells nucleus compared to non-tumor epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
Finding of hyperphosphorylated forms of hRad9 in the nucleus of cancer cells is in keeping with its function in ameliorating DNA instability, whereby it inadvertently assists tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in established cancer cells, such DNA repair system may prevent further DNA damage in their progeny and decrease in apoptosis resulting in enhancement of tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)
Aurora A overexpression in many malignant tumor types suggests that it may be directly involved in NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. (lookformedical.com)

We previously showed that the ESCRT-III subunit IST1 binds the cysteine protease CAPN7 (Calpain-7) and that CAPN7 is required for both efficient abscission and NoCut checkpoint maintenance (Wenzel <i>et al. (elifesciences.org)

Thus, in addition to its checkpoint control function, hRad9 may play a role in regulating apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 relative Bcl-xL as well as the antagonist BH3 just proteins Bak/Bax had been proven to regulate mitochondrial form in healthful cells aswell such as cells going through apoptosis [13] [14]. (tech-strategy.org)
Mutant CTMP retained in the mitochondria lost its capacity to sensitize cells to apoptosis. (tech-strategy.org)

hTopBP1 and hMYH were involved in ATR-mediated Chk1 activation, moreover, both of them were associated with ATR and hRad9 which known as checkpoint-involved proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of ATR phosphorylates a number of downstream proteins that coordinate the cell cycle checkpoint. (biomedcentral.com)
Posttranslational protein S-palmitoylation regulates the localization and function of its target proteins involved in diverse cellular processes including meiosis. (life-science-alliance.org)

In budding yeast, individual chromosomes from vegetative cells cannot be visualized by microscopy. (silverchair.com)

These genetic aberrations may cause loss of growth inhibition in normally quiescent cells and result in carcinogenesis [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To further examine the role of hRad9 in breast cancer cells, we now report on the histologic expression of the hRad9 protein and its different molecular forms in primary breast cancer and normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

Genomic instability caused by mutation of the checkpoint molecule TP53 may endow cancer cells with the ability to undergo genomic evolution to survive stress and treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

Divisome and elongasome complexes responsible for peptidoglycan synthesis during lateral cell-wall growth and division. (mathisfunforum.com)
Thus, hTopBP1 constitutes an important part of the ATR signaling pathway and acts as a molecular bridge that associates the independently recruited 9-1-1 and ATR-ATRIP complexes, thereby leading to checkpoint activation [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery mediates the membrane fission step that completes cytokinetic abscission and separates dividing cells. (elifesciences.org)

DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)

Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions. (mathisfunforum.com)
In meiosis, typically in Meiosis-I the homologous chromosomes are paired and then separated and distributed into daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)

Pds5p and the cohesin complex are required for sister chromatid cohesion and localize to the same chromosomal loci over the same cell cycle window. (silverchair.com)

Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (hTopBP1) plays an important role in DNA replication and the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) signaling cascade is an important pathway involved in the checkpoint control mechanism [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Wee1 was shown to phosphorylate histone H2B at tyrosine 37 residue which regulated global expression of histones. (wikipedia.org)

Upon cytokinesis, each daughter cell receives only one centriole, which duplicates once per cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Each cell inherits one centrosome after the completion of cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)

In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)

Wee1 has a molecular mass of 96 kDa and is a key regulator of cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)

Mol Cell Biol. (bangor.ac.uk)
J Cell Biol (2003) 163 (4): 729-741. (silverchair.com)
J Cell Biol, 72 (3). (cshl.edu)
Mol Biol Cell, 26 (8). (cshl.edu)
J Cell Biol, 167 (1). (cshl.edu)
J Cell Biol (2003) 162 (4): 551-563. (rupress.org)

Normally, structural damage of DNA by endogenous and environmental agents is followed by replication checkpoint arrest at the G2/M transition in order to allow for repair before proceeding in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Structure-guided point mutations in either CAPN7 MIT domain disrupted IST1 binding in vitro and in cells, and depletion/rescue experiments showed that the CAPN7-IST1 interaction is required for: 1) CAPN7 recruitment to midbodies, 2) efficient abscission, and 3) NoCut checkpoint arrest. (elifesciences.org)

The primary concern of cell division is the maintenance of the original cell's genome. (mathisfunforum.com)
Before division can occur, the genomic information that is stored in chromosomes must be replicated, and the duplicated genome must be separated cleanly between cells. (mathisfunforum.com)

This phenomenon, called 'telomeric silencing', or 'telomere position effect' (TPE), was initially discovered and studied using transgenes but it also appears to regulate endogenous subtelomeric genes [ 6 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Journal of Cell Biology, 83 (2 PART). (cshl.edu)
Journal of Cell Biology, 95 (2). (cshl.edu)
Molecular Biology of the Cell, 19 (7). (cshl.edu)
Nature Cell Biology, 9 (5). (cshl.edu)

In akr1 , tht1 , or sey1 mutant, meiotic cells, haploid nuclei are unfused with subsequent chromosome segregation defects. (life-science-alliance.org)

During many years the Cdks were considered the main component of the cell cycle control system. (encyclopedia.pub)
Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) and its orthologs play important roles in DNA replication and checkpoint control [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
a connection between mitochondrial function and dynamics in the legislation of fat burning capacity cell loss of life neurotransmission cell routine control and advancement [15]. (tech-strategy.org)
These include control of the transcriptional repertoire of the cell, activation of repair enzymes and repression of DNA replication and cell division. (biomedcentral.com)
In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. (affbiotech.com)

Liu C, Powell KA, Mundt K, Wu L, Carr AM, Caspari T., 2003 , Cop9/signalosome subunits and Pcu4 regulate ribonucleotide reductase by both checkpoint-dependent and -independent mechanisms Genes Dev. (bangor.ac.uk)

consequently cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs). (brandeis.edu)

Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) usually undergo a vegetative cell division known as binary fission, where their genetic material is segregated equally into two daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
As cells migrate and experience forces from their surroundings, they constantly undergo mechanical deformations which reshape their plasma membrane (PM). To maintain homeostasis, cells need to detect and restore such changes, not only in terms of overall PM area and tension as previously described, but also in terms of local, nano-scale topography. (elifesciences.org)

The regulation of cell size is critical to ensure functionality of a cell. (wikipedia.org)

The fission yeast S. pombe lacks Sir3p and Sir4p but employs methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (K9) plus a Sir2p homologue (Sir2) for silencing [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In mammalian cells, S-palmitoylate is added by a family of 23 transmembrane zinc finger DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys)-containing protein acyl transferases and is removed by fatty acyl protein thioesterases ( Malgapo & Linder, 2021 ). (life-science-alliance.org)

In vertebrate cells, sister chromatids are associated along their length from their formation in S phase through metaphase. (silverchair.com)
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing structures in vertebrate cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Centrosome duplication is tightly regulated and limited at once per cell cycle through a mechanism that prevents re-duplication. (biomedcentral.com)

Presumably the C-terminal domain is essential for transport of the 9-1-1 complex from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, for activation of the G2 checkpoint signalling cascade [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. (mathisfunforum.com)

The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)

Cell cycle regulation in response to biochemical cues is a fundamental event associated with many diseases. (bvsalud.org)
We also show that the biochemical status of cells under these conditions is an important determinant of the altered molecular functions mentioned above as well as the altered behavior of these cells. (bvsalud.org)

We find that S-palmitoylation by Erf2-Erf4 is required for Ras1 localization at the cell periphery to enrich at the cell conjugation site for mating pheromone response. (life-science-alliance.org)

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