• As part of the cslA-glxA gene cluster are two genes encoding for putative polysaccharide degrading enzymes. (bl.uk)
  • Proteins containing these repeats most often are enzymes with polysaccharide substrates. (embl.de)
  • Glycosyl hydrolases are enzymes capable of breaking the glycosidic linkage of polysaccharides and have considerable industrial and biotechnological applications. (rcsb.org)
  • Inhibitors of LCP enzymes have the potential to manage a wide range of bacterial infections because the target enzymes are implicated in the assembly of many other bacterial cell wall polymers, including capsular polysaccharide of streptococcal species and arabinogalactan of mycobacterial species. (rcsb.org)
  • In this study, we present the first crystal structure of S. aureus LcpA with bound substrate at 1.9 Å resolution and those of Bacillus subtilis LCP enzymes, TagT, TagU, and TagV, in the apo form at 1.6-2.8 Å resolution. (rcsb.org)
  • The crystal structures and modeled substrate-bound complexes of the LCP enzymes reported here provide insights into key features linked to substrate binding and catalysis and may aid the structure-guided design of specific LCP inhibitors. (rcsb.org)
  • The degradation of insoluble polysaccharides by glycoside hydrolases is relative inefficient as the polysaccharide chains often are barely inaccessible to the active site of the enzymes. (dtu.dk)
  • Soluble fiber in diets enhances digesta viscosity, hinders diffusion of substrate and enzymes in the gut. (pigprogress.net)
  • Diets that are rich in non-starch polysaccharides encapsulate nutrients and hinder their accessibility to digestive enzymes for hydrolysis. (pigprogress.net)
  • In collaboration with the Atomic Structure and Enabling Capabilities team we will utilize next-gen omics methods to elucidate the molecular patterns, pathways and enzymes underlying community-driven syntrophic substrate bioconversions. (ucla.edu)
  • Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are powerful monocopper enzymes that can activate strong C-H bonds through a mechanism that remains largely unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • We devise a clear additive decomposition with contribution of nondisjoint fragments and correction terms for overlapping fragments and apply this scheme to the metalloenzyme-substrate complex of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) with an oligosaccharide. (sdu.dk)
  • One of these is a putative Cu lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, SliLPMO10E. (bl.uk)
  • The Vi polysaccharide is an outer capsular antigen that enables greater human infectivity than those Salmonella Typhi strains not expressing the antigen ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • While a known capsular polysaccharide (K) locus was identified, the outer core polysaccharide (OC) locus , which belongs to group B, showed differences with available sequences. (unl.edu)
  • The development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, in which each of the selected bacterial capsular polysaccharides is coupled to a protein carrier molecule, has been a major advance in the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease. (who.int)
  • In particular, the recommendations provide guidance on the design of immunogenicity studies that should be performed in order to support the licensure of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (including those containing conjugated capsular polysaccharides of serotypes additional to or different from those in already licensed vaccines). (who.int)
  • A biofilm is a collection of bacteria and/or fungi that exists in a multicellular or community form, encased in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix that they themselves synthesise. (thepigsite.com)
  • Most microbes live in mixed communities and in many circumstances, these are attached to an environmental surface encasing themselves in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix which they themselves have produced. (thepigsite.com)
  • Biofilm is a complex matrix consisting of extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins that protect bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses allowing them to survive in hostile environments. (intechopen.com)
  • In the main, these oral bacteria produce glucosyltransferase (GTF), which uses saccharose as a substrate to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides, thereby facilitating adhesion and the accumulation of oral bacteria on the dental 3 surfaces. (bvsalud.org)
  • Glycosaminoglycans (previously termed mucopolysaccharides) are polysaccharides abundant on cell surfaces and in extracellular matrix and structures. (msdmanuals.com)
  • EPS analysis indicates the presence of proteins, polysaccharides and uronic acids, the composition of which varies according to substrate and lifestyle (i.e. planktonic, biofilm cells). (ufz.de)
  • Proteins and fats also serve as substrates in this breakdown process. (agriinfo.in)
  • The biofilm matrix consists of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA and constitutes a stubborn source that protects bacteria from a variety of physical, chemical, and biological stresses. (intechopen.com)
  • The anaerobic decomposition of plant and animal polymers including polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids to CO 2 , H 2 O and methane requires syntrophic metabolism as an essential step. (ucla.edu)
  • Faecal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that fasting caused a decrease in the abundance of bacteria known to degrade dietary polysaccharides such as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. (nih.gov)
  • She recently landed a grant with colleague James Wachira to study substrate selection by capsule polymerases, and she also is interested in developing vaccines that target the meningitis-causing bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. (asbmb.org)
  • Formation of a biofilm starts with adherence of bacteria followed by production of the polysaccharide matrix. (thepigsite.com)
  • If the attachment of the bacteria to the substrate occurs for long enough (probably a few minutes) other physical and chemical structures are produced which transform the attachment to an irreversible one. (thepigsite.com)
  • For instance, starch fermentation increases bifidobacterial growth, pectin fermentation stimulates lactobacilli proliferation, and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides fermentation enhances cellulolytic Ruminococcus -like bacteria and xylanolytic Clostridium-like bacteria growth. (pigprogress.net)
  • In this multi-stage process, fermentative bacteria hydrolyze the polymeric substrates present in all anaerobic habitats and then ferment the hydrolysis products to acetate and longer chain fatty acids, alcohols, aromatic compounds, CO 2 , formate, and H 2 . (ucla.edu)
  • For novel enzyme discovery, physically linked gene clusters targeting carbohydrate degradation in bacteria, polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs), are recognized 'treasure troves' in the era of exponentially growing numbers of sequenced genomes. (inrae.fr)
  • Using CH polysaccharide extract as a substrate, immobilized feruloyl esterase led to higher feruloylation (22.1-26.6%) than the free enzyme (4.2%), and yielded polysaccharides with a higher increase in the total phenolic content. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • However, enzyme-substrate binding and the catalytic mechanism of LPMOs are still not fully understood. (slu.se)
  • The substrate binding cleft of AMY1 is composed of two aglycone and seven glycone binding subsites, of which subsite -6 (key residue: Y105) is characterized by having the highest binding affinity and being situated at the opposite end of the enzyme molecule of SBS2 at a distance of 60 Å. (dtu.dk)
  • We are interested in the substrate - enzyme interaction, and especially in the interactions that are likely to direct the specificity of the enzyme. (lu.se)
  • Our results could be very useful to guide how much enzyme is needed for a biomass degradation process or determine what aspects of an enzyme to try to modify and what substrates are relevant to test activity on, where small model compounds do not properly mimic the more complex cell wall," said Johan Larsbrink, study researcher and associate professor of molecular enzymology at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. (lu.se)
  • GH5-7 displayed a substrate preference toward galactomannan by showing 10-times higher catalytic efficiency than to linear β-mannan. (megazyme.com)
  • Putative polysaccharide utilization gene clusters were also investigated for both R. marinus DSM 4253 and DSM 4252 T (homolog strain). (nih.gov)
  • The analysis showed that in the homolog strain DSM 4252 T Rmar_1080 (RmXyl3A) and Rmar_1081 (RmXyl3B) are parts of a putative polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) for xylan utilization. (nih.gov)
  • This is the first structure of a polygalacturonase andcomprises a 10 turn right-handed parallel beta-helix domain with two loopregions forming a "tunnel like" substrate-binding cleft. (embl.de)
  • By contrast, thermophilic laminarinases preserve their active site flexibility, and the active-site cleft remains accessible for recognition of polysaccharide substrates even at high temperatures. (rcsb.org)
  • presumably SBS2 plays the role as an important, but remote secondary binding site outside the substrate binding cleft. (dtu.dk)
  • W278A/W279A/Y380A lost the ability to bind β-CD although a trace affinity was still observed, perhaps reflecting a weak interaction in the substrate binding cleft. (dtu.dk)
  • Within the cleft, at least five different subsites interact with the substrate, each subsite binding one monomeric unit of the polysaccharide. (lu.se)
  • Adaptation of syntenic xyloglucan utilization loci of human gut Bacteroidetes to polysaccharide side chain diversity. (megazyme.com)
  • Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyze the degradation of recalcitrant carbohydrate polysaccharide substrates. (bvsalud.org)
  • We are studying the enzymatic hydrolysis of galacto(gluco)mannan, the major soft-wood hemicellulose polysaccharide. (lu.se)
  • My research in the group of structural biology at the Department of Molecular Sciences is focused on NMR spectroscopic studies of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and their interaction with glycan substrates. (slu.se)
  • McCarthy, a glycobiologist, studies polysaccharide synthesis in bacterial capsules. (asbmb.org)
  • Synthesis originates from glucose as substrate for synthesis of the sugar nucleotides precursors UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronate, and GDP-mannose that are required for building the pentasaccharide repeat unit. (caister.com)
  • Mature repeat units are polymerized and exported in a way resembling the Wzy-dependent polysaccharide synthesis mechanism of Enterobacteriaceae . (caister.com)
  • Alginate is the main representative of a family of polysaccharides that neither show branching nor repeating blocks or unit patterns and this property distinguishes it from to other polymers like xanthan or dextran. (caister.com)
  • Vi polysaccharide and Vi conjugate vaccines) ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Justia Patents Chemistry: Analytical And Immunological Testing Patents Involving An Insoluble Carrier For Immobilizing Immunochemicals Patents Carrier Is Organic Patents Polysaccharide, Carrier (e.g. (justia.com)
  • RmXyl3A and RmXyl3B showed β-xylosidase activity with different specificities for para-nitrophenyl (pNP)-linked substrates and xylooligosaccharides. (nih.gov)
  • This is because the physical-chemical nature of many lignocellulosic substrates naturally lends itself to solid phase culture, and thereby represents a means to reap the acknowledged potential of this fermentation method. (mdpi.com)
  • In contrast, GH2-1 preferred short manno-oligosaccharides or β-mannan as substrates. (megazyme.com)
  • The overlap contributions are found to be small, allowing analysis of the interaction energy into individual amino acid residues: We find a particularly strong interaction between the substrate and the LPMO copper active site. (sdu.dk)
  • Xanthan gum's chemical structure is distinct from those of host and dietary polysaccharides that are more commonly expected to transit the gastrointestinal tract, and little is known about its direct interaction with the gut microbiota, which plays a central role in digestion of other dietary fibre polysaccharides. (nature.com)
  • The latter brings to the attention that LPMOs are able to bind Cu in two forms at a single site before relaxing into a final substrate active form. (bl.uk)
  • In my PhD project I am using NMR spectroscopy with the aim to reveal atomic resolution of LPMOs and their interactions with substrates in solution. (slu.se)
  • Despite antigenicity of the Vi polysaccharide, antibodies and immunity conferred by the Vi vaccine are short lived ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • She worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Food and Drug Administration Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides before joining Morgan State in 2013. (asbmb.org)
  • The corresponding novel bifunctional carbohydrate esterase (CE), now named BD-FAE, displayed feruloyl esterase (FAE) and acetyl esterase activity on simple, synthetic substrates. (inrae.fr)
  • Recent work has allowed a considerable increase in the knowledge of the enzymology of non-substituted and acetylated polysaccharides, thus illuminating the biodegradation mechanism. (springer.com)
  • To address this, we use an integrated set of omics tools coupled with new informatics approaches to identify and characterize core metabolic pathways in model syntrophic communities when growing on unstudied or poorly studied classes of substrates ( i.e. , amino acids, carboxylates, and long chain fatty acids). (ucla.edu)
  • Biofilm formation requires three different stages: cell attachment to a solid substrate, adhesion, and growth. (intechopen.com)
  • In a study of 136 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, three cycles of treatment with injectable astragalus polysaccharide (250 mg/d concurrent with chemotherapy cycle) combined with vinorelbine and cisplatin yielded significant improvements in overall quality of life ( P = .003) compared with the control group receiving chemotherapy alone. (ascopost.com)
  • The prebiotic activity score showed that cranberry pectic polysaccharides were better fermented than inulin and generated abundant propionic acid. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • Hemicellulose polysaccharides, located in plant cell walls, are among the most abundant renewable resources on earth. (lu.se)
  • They require the presence of water, and form on a solid substrate, on soft tissue surfaces within living organisms and at liquid-air interfaces. (thepigsite.com)
  • This organic oyster extract powder is extracted from the mushroom's fruiting bodies, which have been demonstrated to have considerably more active chemicals and polysaccharides, as well as a higher concentration of beta-D-glucans than mushrooms extracted from mycelium. (naturisimo.com)
  • In order to reduce the excess sludge produced, experiments have been carried out with a Membrane BioReactor (MBR) to study the maintenance and cryptic growth phenomena of Pseudomonas fluorescens culture taken as a model when grown on a limiting substrate complex medium similar to a synthetic urban wastewater. (iwaponline.com)
  • Nevertheless, to date there is little information available on the interactions between thermoacidophilic archaea and their natural mineral substrates such as pyrite. (ufz.de)
  • His group developed a combined biochemical-genetic approach to identify where substrates interact with nitrogenase, the biological catalyst of nitrogen fixation. (asbmb.org)
  • Same variations were observed on the cell content ratio protein/polysaccharide by analysis of the cell lysis products released after discontinuous thermal treatment. (iwaponline.com)
  • Pharmacologic investigations revealed polysaccharides, triterpenoid saponins, and flavonoids to be the chief bioactive compounds in astragalus. (ascopost.com)
  • For example, early reports of the imaging of DNA in scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) used highly ordered pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) substrate, and subsequent investigations showed that at least some of the features reported were not those of DNA at all but of artifacts on the HOPG surface. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Upon ATP binding, large structural changes within the nucleotide-binding and transmembrane regions push conserved hydrophobic residues at the substrate entry site towards the periplasm and provide a model for polysaccharide translocation. (tcdb.org)
  • Progression to the haloferryl intermediate upon the addition of O2 does not trap the substrates in the active site and, in fact, markedly diminishes cooperativity between halide and l-Lys. (bvsalud.org)
  • Processed foods often include food additives such as xanthan gum, a complex polysaccharide with unique rheological properties, that has established widespread use as a stabilizer and thickening agent. (nature.com)
  • Halide, 2OG, and (lastly) O2 all coordinate directly to the cofactor to initiate its conversion to a cis-halo-oxo-iron(IV) (haloferryl) complex, which abstracts hydrogen (Hâ ¢) from the non-coordinating prime substrate to enable radicaloid carbon-halogen coupling. (bvsalud.org)
  • Free and immobilized feruloyl esterases acted similarly in the feruloylation of polysaccharides present in the DA extract, identified as being rich in rhamnogalacturonan I neutral branches. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • Because reticuloendothelial cells (eg, in the spleen) are rich in lysosomes, reticuloendothelial tissues are involved in a number of lysosomal storage disorders, but, generally, tissues richest in the substrate are most affected. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Crucially, it is shown that DtpA functions as a peroxidase in the presence of GlxA using the GlxA substrate, glycolaldehyde. (bl.uk)
  • Family 22 Polysaccharide Lyases (PL22s) contain two subfamilies and several outlier sequences [ 1 ]. (cazypedia.org)
  • The tertiary structure of GlxA revealed a unique domain arrangement, atypical spectroscopic properties compared to Gox and a lack of enzymatic activity with classical Gox substrates. (bl.uk)
  • Similar improvements in global quality of life were reported in another study of 23 patients with metastatic disease following adjunctive use of both high (500 mg, P = .012) and low (250 mg, P = .02) doses of injectable astragalus polysaccharide, administered 3 times/week/cycle of 4 weeks. (ascopost.com)
  • Display all available high purity polysaccharides . (megazyme.com)