• Radioimmunoassay of capsular polysaccharide antigens of groups A and C meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae type b in cerebrospinal fluid. (bmj.com)
  • Pneumococci are classified into serotypes depending on their capsular polysaccharide, which is a main virulence factor for pneumococcus ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Based on their thick layer of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), S. pneumoniae have been classified into about 97 different specific types according to the Danish classification system [ 2 , 3 ]. (mdpi.com)
  • OVA, and more relevant antigens, i.e. bacterial capsular polysaccharide. (bu.edu)
  • Pneumococcus capsular polysaccharide has been characterised and more than 90 different serotypes have been identified. (ruc.dk)
  • Serotype-specific antibodies against the capsular polysaccharide are produced during infection.At present, many countries follow the WHO pneumococcal ELISA IgG measurement protocol, in which polysaccharides from ATCC are used as antigens. (ruc.dk)
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b strain 20752 capsular polysaccharide tetanus toxoid conjugate antigen is an active immunization as a booster dose given intramuscularly to pediatric patients who have received a primary series with a Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine that is licensed for primarly immunization. (drugbank.com)
  • The vaccine contains Haemophilus b capsular polysaccharide. (drugbank.com)
  • The expression of B7 proteins on an antigen-presenting cell is induced by pathogens during the innate response to an infection. (nih.gov)
  • Effector T cells act back to promote the expression of B7 proteins on antigen-presenting cells, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies the T cell response. (nih.gov)
  • Antigens are usually proteins or sugars (polysaccharides) found on the outside of things like cells or viruses. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • And it's based on antigens, which are proteins or combinations of sugar called polysaccharides. (besthealthmag.ca)
  • With the SAV, 'targeting warheads' may potentially include different types of antigens including proteins, peptides, polysaccharides or nucleic acids. (keloland.com)
  • MenB vaccines use peptides or proteins instead of polysaccharides, and coverage can vary by MenB strain distribution, cross-reactivity, and surface expression. (medpagetoday.com)
  • teplizumab decreases effects of meningococcal A C Y and W polysaccharide tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine by Other (see comment). (medscape.com)
  • The new generation of whole-cell vaccines is based on an unencapsulated serotype that allows the expression of many bacterial antigens at a lower cost than a recombinant vaccine. (mdpi.com)
  • Pneumococcal (unconjugated) or meningococcal vaccines are commercially available polysaccharide antigens. (medscape.com)
  • For specific immunocompromising conditions (e.g., asplenia), such patients may be at higher risk for certain diseases, and additional vaccines, particularly bacterial polysaccharide vaccines {Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), pneumococcal and meningococcal}, are recommended for them. (cdc.gov)
  • During 2018-2019, approximately 60%-75% of all IPD in adults was caused by the 24 pneumococcal serotypes that were included in the formulations of commercially available polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV) or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) vaccines (i.e. (cdc.gov)
  • Unconjugated as well as conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have been used with success for reducing the rate of pneumococcal infections, especially in adults and children. (medgadget.com)
  • This aside, increasing trend of antibiotic resistance has spurred research in pneumococcal vaccines that can cover against wide range of pneumococci antigens. (medgadget.com)
  • We have developed a simple, liposome-based approach to generate multivalent carbohydrate vaccines, and in place of an antigenic peptide or protein, we have used a potent antigen for natural killer T cells. (rsc.org)
  • Polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are available for all major IMD-associated capsular subgroups except NmB, which has poor capsular immunogenicity. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Sensitive radioimmunoassays capable of measuring 0-5 ng/ml of the Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide and 2 ng/ml of the groups A and C meningococcal polysaccharides were developed and used to detect these substances in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (bmj.com)
  • Polysaccharide of the causative agent was detected in the CSF of 14 out of 15 patients with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis, in 18 out of 23 patients with group A, and in two out of four patients with group C meningococcal meningitis. (bmj.com)
  • Assessment of responses to polysaccharide antigens is important in patients older than 18-24 months because these responses may be deficient in some patients who can respond normally to protein antigens. (medscape.com)
  • ELISAs were performed on 937 serum samples (317 children and 620 adults) from across Lao PDR to measure IgG antibody titers against Vi polysaccharide and the experimental protein antigens, CdtB and HlyE. (nih.gov)
  • The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. (reference.md)
  • these virulence factors are broadly grouped as fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins, siderophores, somatic ("O") antigens and capsular ("K") antigens. (scirp.org)
  • O antigen clusters from two serogroup O58 S. enterica strains had approximately 85 % identity with the E. coli O123 O antigen region over their entire length, suggesting that these Salmonella and E. coli O antigen regions evolved from a common ancestor. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The O antigen cluster of a Salmonella serogroup O41 isolate had a lower level of identity with E. coli O123 over only part of its O antigen DNA cluster sequence, suggesting a different and more complex evolution of this gene cluster than those in the O58 strains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A large part of the Salmonella O41 O antigen DNA cluster had very close identity with the O antigen cluster of an O62 strain. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The E. coli O123 O-antigenic polysaccharide and its repeating unit were characterized, and the chemical structure for E. coli O123 was entirely consistent with the O antigen gene cluster sequences of E. coli O123 and the Salmonella O58 isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • An understanding of both the genetic and structural composition of Salmonella and E. coli O antigens is necessary for the development of novel molecular methods for serotyping these organisms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A substance or combination of substances used in conjunction with a vaccine antigen to enhance (for example, increase, accelerate, prolong and/or possibly target) or modulate a specific immune response to the vaccine antigen in order to enhance the clinical effectiveness of the vaccine. (who.int)
  • This assessment can also be done by measuring antibody responses following active immunization with protein or polysaccharide antigens. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, antibody responses should be measured to polysaccharide antigens that are not present in the protein-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. (medscape.com)
  • The antibody responses to the T-independent type 2 antigen, phosphorylcholine (PC) and the T-dependent antigen, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) were characterized in C57BL/6 mice after heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae (HKSP) immunization and single or mixture herbicide exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Exogenous antigens come from foreign substances that can enter your body through your nose, your mouth or cuts in your skin. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • These data summarize country introduction status of PPV (Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine) in the national immunization programme. (who.int)
  • B-cells have special parts (receptors) that test the antigen to see if they fit together, like a lock and key. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • In recent years, serotype specific polysaccharides from different producers have been tested in pneumococcal antibody assay's. (ruc.dk)
  • In this project, purified serotype specific pneumococcal antigens from SSI Diagnostica and from ATCC were compared. (ruc.dk)
  • We have found that PorB induces a genetic program consisting of genes and gene sets needed for immunoglobulin synthesis and cellular proliferation after only one or two immunizations as opposed to a greater number of immunizations of antigen alone to induce a similar response. (bu.edu)
  • First, A or B antigens (sugars) create the four blood groups: A, B, AB, and O. The presence of Rh factor (protein) adds a "positive," while the absence of it adds "negative. (besthealthmag.ca)
  • In microbiology , O antigen renders additional protection from the antimicrobial action of certain antibiotics. (biologyonline.com)
  • O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (reference.md)
  • We have found that antigen presenting cells, including B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, are activated by PorB in a TLR2, TLR1 and MyD88 dependent manner, inducting upregulation of class II MHC, costimulatory molecule CD86 and other markers of activation. (bu.edu)
  • They are activated on the surface of antigen -presenting cells, which mature during the innate immune responses triggered by an infection. (nih.gov)
  • Antigens are found on viruses, bacteria, tumors and normal cells of your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • This means that your body recognizes your own cells as you, but other antigens as intruders. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Endogenous antigens exist on cells inside your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • These antigens are sometimes normal parts of a cell that act differently in tumor cells (for example, a tumor cell might make much more of a particular protein than a normal cell). (clevelandclinic.org)
  • What are antigen-presenting cells? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Antigen-presenting cells help the immune system mount its attack. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • There are three types of antigen-presenting cells in your body: macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • In fact, you'll sometimes hear them called "professional" antigen-presenting cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • When one of these specialized cells comes across an antigen, it devours the antigen, breaks it apart and displays parts of the antigen on its cell surface. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The T cells inspect the bits of antigen to decide if they recognize the invader. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • When an antigen enters your body, the B-cells of your immune system inspect it. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Once your immune system has seen an antigen, it has special cells that remember it, allowing your body to create a faster and more effective response if it invades again - this is called immunological memory. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • or (f) living vectored cells expressing specific heterologous antigens. (who.int)
  • Antigen testing is done to diagnose viral infections, monitor and screen for certain conditions and determine whether a donor is a good match for a transplant. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • An antigen is a marker that tells your immune system whether something in your body is harmful or not. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • An antigen is any kind of marker - like a protein or string of amino acids - that your immune system can recognize. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • If that particular T cell's unique receptor is a match for the antigen, it alerts the rest of the immune system to attack. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The immune system reaction to incompatible antigens can lead to serious complications, including kidney disease, low blood pressure, clotting, and even death, says Ross Herron, MD, chief medical officer of the Western Division of the American Red Cross. (besthealthmag.ca)
  • Before 2021, ACIP recommended 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) alone (up to 2 doses), or both a single dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in combination with 1-3 doses of PPSV23 in series (PCV13 followed by PPSV23), for use in U.S. adults depending on age and underlying risk for pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Though a high proportion of NmB isolates from US patients in 2015 to 2019 matched these antigens, there is evidence that the relative proportions of circulating strains are changing, with only approximately half of currently circulating strains matching vaccine-targeted antigens in more recent analyses. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Moreover, we have shown that PorB can enhance both antigen uptake and antigen presenting cell trafficking (especially DCs and macrophages) and these effects are mainly TLR2 dependent. (bu.edu)
  • In addition, Maca polysaccharides have good immune-regulatory activity on macrophages by regulating the polarization and increasing the phagocytosis [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Alternatively antibody response to typhoid-Vi antigen can be measured following typhoid vaccine administration. (medscape.com)
  • These antigens are associated with seroconversion after typhoid fever and may be a superior measure of disease burden than anti-Vi IgG. (nih.gov)
  • In recent decades, shifting serotype dominance has led pharmaceuticals to doubt the efficacy of polysaccharide vaccine. (medgadget.com)
  • NEW YORK , Nov. 20, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Voltron Therapeutics, Inc., a Lucius Partners portfolio company, today announced that it has finalized the protocol for a Dose-Ranging Efficacy Study of VTX-0P4, a protein-based cancer vaccine targeting Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA). (keloland.com)
  • This strongly suggests VTX-0P4 can address PSCA or other tumor antigen expressing cancers with a full protein approach. (keloland.com)
  • an oligosaccharidic core and a polysaccharidic chain, called O-antigen or O-specific chain [9] - [11] ( Figure 1 ). (scirp.org)
  • Demonstration of tumor-specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques. (wikidoc.org)
  • You might hear these called tumor-associated antigens (TAA), tumor-specific antigens (TSA), neoantigens or oncogenic antigens. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • An antibody's job is to find antigens that fit the specific shape on their surface. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. (reference.md)