Polyploidy plants. Medical search. Frequent questions

The development of new species from hybridization is known from plants, through the development of polyploidy . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Polyploidy and hybridization are important processes in plant evolution, and often are connected to reproduction via asexually formed seed (apomixis). (uni-goettingen.de)
Ludwigia brevipes may have arisen via bi3directional hybridization between L. palustris and L. arcuata followed by polyploidy. (feministlawprofessors.com)
Plants of B. gracilenta are scattered across the Colorado Plateau (northeast of the range of B. perennans ) and are apomictic triploids, apparently produced by hybridization between B. fendleri and B. pallidifolia . (swbiodiversity.org)

Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than one pair of (homologous) chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or more commonly from the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis or from the fertilization of an egg by more than one sperm. (wikipedia.org)
Through the process of polyploidy, the total number of chromosomes can double, or a single chromosome can duplicate itself. (howstuffworks.com)
This process is fairly common in plants, and explains why some plants can have as many as 100 chromosomes. (howstuffworks.com)
Polytene chromosomes are structures found in highly specialized tissues in some animal and plant species, which are amplified through successive cycles of endoreduplication, finally producing several copies of each chromosome. (scielo.br)
In plants, polytene chromosomes have been observed in only a few species, and seemed to be restricted to ovary and immature seed tissues, e.g., in Phaseolus coccineus and P. vulgaris (Nagl, 1981), until relatively recently, when they were observed in the cells of the anther tapetum of Vigna unguiculata (Guerra and Carvalheira, 1994) and of some Phaseolus species (Carvalheira and Guerra, 1994). (scielo.br)
In this paper some aspects of the occurrence of plant polytenes will be summarized along with the structure and function of these chromosomes. (scielo.br)
The fate of plant hybrids in nature depends very much on the compatibility of the chromosomes of the parents, which parent is the seed parent, and the exact circumstances of the event. (carnivorousplants.org)
like in plants when the cells are dividing during growth the chromosomes duplicate in each cell and seperate into half. (google.com)
For example, in these corn plants, random chromosomal errors during cell division can result in individuals with too many chromosomes known as polyploids. (jove.com)

Genetic enhancement and diversity can be improved with biotechnological approaches using mutagens, and colchicine is the most widely used in inducing polyploidy levels in many garlic varieties [ 8 , 9 ]. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

Anther squashes of the two polyploid C1 plant showed chromosome number of 2n = 56 in the polyploids as against 2n = 28 in diploid. (isgpb.org)
Due to the high cell/cytoplasm ratio, polyploid plants have a larger clove site and morphology than diploid plants. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
This group is also known for polyploidy studies due to diploid parents and allotetraploid species 2 . (nature.com)
Tracheophyte leafy plants are the asexual, spore-producing, diploid (sporophyte) generation of their life cycle. (tripod.com)

It is common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the rapid development of sequencing technologies, there is increased evidence to support that polyploidization plays an important role in the diversification of plant species, evolution of genes, and the domestication of crops. (org.in)
Today, there are literally thousands of different cultivated varieties (cultivars) of individual species of crop plants. (jrank.org)
Many plant species have been transformed by this procedure, which is most useful for dicotyledonous plants. (jrank.org)
Brassicaceae is a vast family of plants including 372 genera and 4,006 species contributing to condiments, biofuel, food, oil, and fulfilling fodder demands for the ecosystem 1 . (nature.com)
The B. oleracea being closest to Arabidopsis thaliana is considered an important Brassica species to study polyploidy 8 . (nature.com)
In the first sense of the term, a hybrid is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa , whether between individuals belonging to different species within the same genus (interspecific hybrids or crosses), different subspecies within the same species (intraspecific hybrids), or different genera (intergeneric hybrids). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In the second sense of the term, often used in plant and animal breeding, a hybrid results from crosses between populations, breeds, or cultivars within a single species or subspecies. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
As a general rule, animals and plants belonging to distinct species do not produce offspring when crossed with each other, and if viable offspring are produced, they generally are infertile (although not always). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Most often other mechanisms are used by plants and animals to keep gametic isolation and species distinction. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Picks in the Fabric of a Polyploidy Complex: Integrative Species Delimitation in the Tetraploid Leucanthemum Mill. (uni-regensburg.de)
Dr. Hauber studies the population genetics of native and invasive plant species in the Southeast using DNA fingerprinting (microsatellite) markers, Sanger sequencing and GBS (genotype by sequencing). (loyno.edu)
Finally he studies the nature of polyploidy in plant species and its evolutionary significance. (loyno.edu)
We needed to sequence the avocado genome to make the species accessible to modern genomic-assisted breeding efforts," says Luis Herrera-Estrella, President's Distinguished Professor of Plant Genomics at Texas Tech University, who conceived of the study and completed much of the work at LANGEBIO, where he is emeritus professor, prior to joining Texas Tech University. (buffalo.edu)
The avocado belongs to a relatively small group of plants called magnoliids, which diverged from other flowering plant species about 150 million years ago. (buffalo.edu)
To overcome this solely descriptive and impracticable classification of ill-founded entities, the project aiming at a classification concept based on evolutionary concepts that are better comparable to sexual plant species. (uni-goettingen.de)
Collaborations with other projects include the development of a comprehensive species concept for classification of asexual organisms and for plant polyploid complexes, and methodical aspects. (uni-goettingen.de)
These new corn plants can now only reproduce with other polyploidal corn plants, not the original ancestor species. (jove.com)
These differences largely result from limited knowledge regarding the optimized sequencing depth and assembler for transcriptome assembly of structurally complex plant species genomes. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, it can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. (wikipedia.org)
Polyploidy plants induced by colchicine in vitro result in an increase in DNA content and affect epidermal surface cells [ 11 ]. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Although colchicine induces polyploidy and enhances genetic diversity, the concentration of colchicine is crucial for the success of ploidy induction. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Soaking in 5 g L-1 Colchicine or 0.03 g L-1 Oryzalin solution for 12, 24 or 48 hr, the seeds of E. geroldii didn`t develop polyploidy plants. (ncl.edu.tw)
The shoot tips of E. geroldii dipped or pasted with 5 g L-1 Colchicine at cotyledon stage for 2 days had the highest mutation rate(28.1%) and 36 polyploidy plants were propagated in this experiment. (ncl.edu.tw)

Hairy roots are induced by the incorporation of a bacterial-derived segment of DNA transferred (T-DNA) into the chromosome of the plant cell. (bioone.org)
This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)

Loss-of-function of either AtASF1A or AtASF1B did not show obvious defects, whereas simultaneous knockdown of both genes in the double mutant Atasf1ab drastically inhibited plant growth and caused abnormal vegetative and reproductive organ development. (nih.gov)
Reproductive systems in crop plants. (edu.gh)
For example, he showed that patterns of allocation in plants that had been interpreted as "flexible reproductive strategies" could be better and more simply explained in terms of fixed allometric trajectories. (botany.org)

The role of polyploidy in facilitating plant invasions. (sun.ac.za)

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) was the dominant event type in almost all Cucurbitaceae plants. (unl.edu)
Taken together, our study establishes crucial roles for the AtASF1A and AtASF1B genes in chromatin replication, maintenance of genome integrity and cell proliferation during plant development. (nih.gov)
The researchers suspect that another part of the P. australis success story can be attributed to an unusual genetic superpower among plants that enables them to make an additional copy of their genome, which doubles the amount of DNA they can utilize to adapt to extreme changes in environmental conditions. (livescience.com)
Identification of complete genome sequencing of alfalfa virus S diagnosed in alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa L.) from Washington State, USA. (usda.gov)

Micropropagation and induction of autotetraploid plants of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev. (bioone.org)

Further details of polyploidy - including its role in speciation - are available on a separate page. (biology-pages.info)

In vitro propagated plants decrease after continuous propagation. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

This bacterium induces the neoplastic growth of plant cells that differentiate to form "hairy roots. (bioone.org)
In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of how A. rhizogenes induces root formation, on the new uses for A. rhizogenes in tissue culture and composite plant production (wild-type shoots with transgenic roots), and the recent development of a disarmed version of A. rhizogenes for stable transgenic plant production. (bioone.org)

Most recently, the potential for plant breeding has advanced significantly, with the advent of methods for the incorporation of genes from other organisms into plants via recombinant DNA-techniques. (jrank.org)

One understudied opportunity is using feral crops-plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation-as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. (weizmann.ac.il)
In some cases, however, feral plants vigorously compete with crops as weeds, challenging food security. (weizmann.ac.il)

Polyploidy could be an important force shaping the current evolutionary trajectory of the plants and insects in this system. (byu.edu)
It is a single plant" that has been able to grow uninterrupted, senior researcher Elizabeth Sinclair, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Western Australia, told Live Science. (livescience.com)
Professor Jacob Weiner has made important contributions in several areas of ecology, including size variation within plant populations, plant competition at the individual and population levels, plant growth and resource allocation, and the application of ecological and evolutionary knowledge to agricultural production systems. (botany.org)

Plant breeding began when early humans saved seeds and planted them. (jrank.org)
In plant and animal breeding, hybrids commonly are produced and selected because they have desirable characteristics not found or inconsistently present in the parent individuals or populations. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
These phenomena have also been utilized in plant breeding. (bergianska.se)
Genomic resources expand the toolbox available for plant breeding and crop improvement efforts. (biomedcentral.com)
Various tools have risen in popularity for plant breeding, in some cases as short-lived bandwagons and others as paradigm shifts in crop improvement [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Revisiting ancestral polyploidy in plants. (mpg.de)

Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids. (wikipedia.org)

Asteraceae) were monitored throughout Colorado, where triploids and tetraploids of the host plant occur. (byu.edu)

Polyploid plants have smaller leaves with dark green, thick and overlapped leaflets, larger stomata, smaller inflorescence, reduced pollen fertility and less number of drupes than that of diploids. (isgpb.org)

2023) Plants People Planet. (weizmann.ac.il)

In this group, the gametophyte (haploid) generation does not occur as an independent plant (as in ferns). (tripod.com)

The polyploidy thus falls under Chromosomal aberrations . (google.com)

is perennial herb plant that belongs to family Rosaceae and genus Fragaria . (intechopen.com)
Most of the members in genus Fragaria are characterized by polyploidy and their cultivation in temperate zones of the world. (intechopen.com)
Tea is commonly produced from the leaves of tea plants ( Camellia sinensis ), which belong to the genus Camellia of family Theaceae . (biomedcentral.com)

Although polyploidy can alter host plants in important ways (e.g., size, phenology, resource use, and ecological range), little is known about the effects of polyploidy-associated changes on plant-insect interactions. (byu.edu)
Cucurbitaceae is one of the most important plant families distributed worldwide. (unl.edu)
Linn) a small tree grown as a hedge plant and is important for agroforestry having timber, fodder and therapeutic and insecticidal uses. (isgpb.org)
an important botanical insecticide plant with a huge international market. (bioone.org)
Polyploidy is an important mechanism in the evolution of plants. (tripod.com)
Cultivation: Sufficient light (0.5 watts per liter or higher) is the most important aspect in cultivating this plant. (feministlawprofessors.com)

Maybe I'm missing something, but wouldn't it make sense to plant more of the old seeds and let the resulting trees reproduce normally? (metafilter.com)
Interspecific plant hybrids sometimes can reproduce as a result of polyploidy , such as triticale, a polyploid hybrid of wheat and rye. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Biolistics refers to the bombardment of plant tissues with microprojectiles of tungsten coated with the DNA intended for transfer. (jrank.org)
2. Tracheophyta (vascular plants, higher plants): This group consists of plants that have a vascular system, i.e., xylem and phloem (water/mineral and food-conducting tissues, respectively). (tripod.com)

The expression of genes encoded within the T-DNA promotes the development and production of roots at the site of infection on most dicotyledonous plants. (bioone.org)

The gene encoding Bt, as well as genes conferring resistance to viral diseases, have been introduced into plants by this method. (jrank.org)

Agrobacterium cells with a genetically-modified plasmid, containing a gene for the desired trait and a marker gene, usually conferring antibiotic resistance, are incubated with protoplasts or small pieces of plant tissue. (jrank.org)
Two methods have been developed for direct gene transfer into plant cells-electroporation and biolistics. (jrank.org)
As a result, hairy roots are widely used as a trans-genic tool for the production of metabolites and for the study of gene function in plants. (bioone.org)
Since the flower in https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/indiantreepix/7-kRSVOxAMQ/sDatK69AGYAJ had not been resulted out of sacrificing stamens (as have been explained in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-flowered#Genetics_of_double-flower_mutations ), i think the abnormality lies in tissue differentiation due to certain changes in gene expressions, rather than a polyploidy condition. (google.com)
The rbcL sequence data we produced was combined with rbcL sequences from many other labs, and in 1993 we published the first comprehensive paper describing the phylogeny of Flowering plants based on gene sequences. (lu.se)

Every blade belongs to the same plant. (livescience.com)

Our results suggest a role for interactions between IPTV (rather than trait means) and environmental resource availability in promoting plant invasions, providing new insights into the significance of IPTV in shaping plant geographic distributions. (osti.gov)
Climate change affects plant interactions with pollinators, pathogens and pests. (usda.gov)

Advantage has been taken of the natural ability of Agrobacterium to transfer plasmid DNA into the nuclei of susceptible plant cells. (jrank.org)

Plant cells that have been transformed by the plasmid can be selected on media containing the antibiotic, and then cultured to generate new, transgenic plants. (jrank.org)

Electroporation involves the use of high-voltage electric pulses to induce pore formation in the membranes of plant protoplasts. (jrank.org)
Another area of research involves polyploidy . (howstuffworks.com)

Polyploidy has a thicker cell size but a low cell number per leaf blade compared to diploids [ 9 ]. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

3) digital imaging of plants, geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical analysis will be used to objectively assess morphological differentiation among taxa and diversity within taxa. (uni-goettingen.de)
I recent years, I have been one of the principal teachers of the course "Plant evolution and diversity", BIOR54 and have often taught the advanced summer course in floristics, BIOF03. (lu.se)

VLCFAs consist of 20 or more carbon atoms and are the key components of the cell membrane and cuticular lipids in plants 9 . (nature.com)
Cell cycle-regulated PLEIADE/AtMAP65-3 links membrane and microtubule dynamics during plant cytokinesis. (mpg.de)
The Atasf1ab mutant plants exhibit cell number reduction, S-phase delay/arrest, and reduced polyploidy levels. (nih.gov)

In this area the different ways in which plants disperse are shown as well, such as asexual dispersal by runners, or the way seeds may be spread by wind or animal. (bergianska.se)

The sporophyte embryo is contained in a seed which is dispersed from the plant. (tripod.com)

Polyploidy is especially common in plants. (wikipedia.org)

Additionally, polyploidy sometimes provides enhanced tolerance to stressful conditions, perhaps including radiation, thereby helping Su'Kal live in his radiation-flooded spaceship. (startrek.com)
The companion of cellulose synthase 1 confers salt tolerance through a Tau-like mechanism in plants. (mpg.de)

All land plants evolved from the green algae or Chlorophyta. (tripod.com)

Compendium of Plant Genomes. (usda.gov)

Replicate plant cells or protoplasts that are placed under identical conditions of tissue culture do not always grow and differentiate to produce identical progeny (clones). (jrank.org)
System-wide organization of actin cytoskeleton determines organelle transport in hypocotyl plant cells. (mpg.de)
Endoreplication occurs in certain types of cells in both animals and plants. (biology-pages.info)

Population hybrids result from the crossing of plants or animals in a population with another population. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

He is associated with a specific approach to plant ecology, which is analytic, mechanistic and starts with simple models that produce testable hypotheses. (botany.org)
Several of his papers are considered "classics" and are used in plant ecology courses around the world because they are easy to read and have a clear logic. (botany.org)

A generally north to south spreading direction was found in these B. hybridum populations, towards a drier and warmer climate exhibiting higher moisture deficit for plant growth. (osti.gov)
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate plant growth at the transcription level. (unl.edu)
A key characteristic of hairy roots is their ability to grow quickly in the absence of exogenous plant growth regulators. (bioone.org)

Such hybridizations are fertile and allow the development of particular plants and animals of great value for people, such as a more disease resistant crop or flowers with rare beauty. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Overview of the concept of pests and diseases and development of pest and disease in plants. (edu.gh)
Introductory plant pathology, Development of disease in individual plants and plant population, plant disease triangle, disease cycle and relationship between disease cycle and epidermics in. (edu.gh)

In fact, stable autotriploidy in plants is often associated with apomictic mating systems. (wikipedia.org)

The present study compares the performance of five representative transcript assemblers and investigates the key factors that affect the assembly quality of the transcriptome of the tea plants. (biomedcentral.com)
This study will be of significance in helping the tea research community obtain better sequencing and assembly of tea plant transcriptomes under conditions of interest and may thus help to answer major biological questions currently facing the tea industry. (biomedcentral.com)

But then, in 2005, botanical researcher Elaine Solowey, director of the Arava Institute for Environmental Studies at Kibbutz Ketura in Israel, decided to plant one and see what, if anything, would sprout. (metafilter.com)

I have always been interested in animals and plants and a strong reason why I entered into systematics was my desire to contribute hard data for use in conservation. (lu.se)

Plant genetic resources. (edu.gh)
Safeguarding plant genetic resources in the United States during global climate change. (usda.gov)

Anatomy19

Organisms33

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes50

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture10

Information Science3

Health Care4

Hybridization4

Chromosomes10

Inducing polyploidy levels1

Diploid4

Species19

Colchicine5

Chromosome2

Reproductive3

Facilitating plant invasions1

Genome4

Induction1

Speciation1

Vitro1

Induces2

Organisms1

Crops2

Evolutionary3

Breeding5

Ancestral1

Brassica1

Tetraploids1

Fertility1

20231

Occur1

Chromosomal aberrations1

Genus3

Important6

Reproduce2

Tissues2

Dicotyledonous plants1

Genes1

Gene5

Belongs1

Interactions2

Nuclei1

Transgenic1

Involves2

Leaf1

Diversity2

Cell3

Asexual1

Sporophyte1

Common in plants1

Tolerance2

Green algae1

Genomes1

Cells3

Result1

Ecology2

Growth3

Development3

Apomictic1

Study2

Botanical1

Systematics1

Genetic resources2