AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentInformation ScienceHealth Care
Polymyalgia RheumaticaGiant Cell ArteritisTemporal ArteriesBlood SedimentationArteritisPrednisoloneTakayasu ArteritisGiant CellsPrednisoneAnti-Inflammatory AgentsGlucocorticoidsOptic Neuropathy, IschemicArteritis Virus, EquineBiopsyMethylprednisoloneGiant Cell Tumor of BoneSternoclavicular JointVasculitisSynovitisAxillary ArteryGiant Cell TumorsHealth ResortsAdrenal Cortex HormonesTenosynovitisPolyarteritis NodosaAdie SyndromeC-Reactive ProteinGranuloma, Giant CellMyositisProspective StudiesArthritis, RheumatoidMedlinePlus
American College of RVasculitisSystemicDiagnosisPain and stiffnessTemporal arteryStiffnessArthritisAnnals of the RArteriesEpidemiologyPatientsOccursSymptomsBlood vesselsHortonApproximately 20DiseaseAbstractAortaAcuteConnective tissueEtiologyRheumaticAffectsTreatmentAortitisImmune systemPrednisoneDendritic cells in the adventitiaMuscleMononuclearTocilizumabReactiveRarely
American College of R2
  • Increased Rho Kinase (ROCK) Activity in Temporal Arterial Biopsies from Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), American College of Rheumatology Annual Scientific Meeting, San Diego, CA, Oct 25-30, 2013. (hss.edu)
  • The American College of Rheumatology developed classification criteria for giant cell arteritis in 1990, which are listed below. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
Vasculitis21
  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA), or temporal arteritis, is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown etiology that occurs in older persons and can result in a wide variety of systemic, neurologic, and ophthalmologic complications. (medscape.com)
  • Although both occur in vasculitis, inflammation of veins (phlebitis) or arteries (arteritis) on their own are separate entities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinical studies with immunosuppressive drugs targeting specific cytokines and cells can also be used to understand the heterogeneous immunopathogenic mechanisms of vasculitis and support a mechanistic immunological classification. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, ICD-10 classifies "vasculitis limited to skin" with skin conditions (under "L"), and "necrotizing vasculopathies" (corresponding to systemic vasculitis) with musculoskeletal system and connective tissue conditions (under "M"). Arteritis/phlebitis on their own are classified with circulatory conditions (under "I"). Type or size of the blood vessels that they predominantly affect. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apart from the arteritis/phlebitis distinction mentioned above, vasculitis is often classified by the caliber of the vessel affected. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the size of the vessel affected, vasculitis can be classified into: Large vessel: Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis Medium vessel: Buerger's disease, Kawasaki disease, Polyarteritis nodosa Small vessel: Behçet's syndrome, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Cutaneous vasculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, and microscopic polyangiitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis require fixed intervals of B-cell depletion to maintain remission. (the-rheumatologist.org)
  • SAN DIEGO-Recent research tells us more about giant cell arteritis (GCA) to help rheumatologists more accurately diagnose and effectively treat patients with this type of vasculitis. (the-rheumatologist.org)
  • This is almost invariably due to giant cell arteritis (GCA), which is a primary vasculitis that affects extracranial medium (especially external carotid artery-ECA-branches) and sometimes large arteries (aorta and its major branches)-large-vessel GCA [ 3 , 4 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of primary systemic vasculitis. (hcplive.com)
  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic immune-mediated vasculitis affecting the medium and large arteries. (uwi.edu)
  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic large vessel vasculitis affecting people aged 50 years and older. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The two main types of large vessel vasculitis are Takayasu arteritis (TA) and GCA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the Vasculitis Foundation, an organization dedicated to supporting and empowering people with vascular problems through education, awareness and research, polymyalgia rheumatica manifests in approximately 50 percent of people with giant cell arteritis, which is a painful inflammatory disease of the blood vessels of the head. (healthfully.com)
  • The Vasculitis Foundation states that, in most cases, polymyalgia rheumatica-related symptoms will usually abate after a period of months or years. (healthfully.com)
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica: when should we suspect an underlying large vessel vasculitis? (clinexprheumatol.org)
  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also known as temporal arteritis, is a granulomatous vasculitis that mostly affects large- and medium-sized arteries, particularly the branches of the proximal aorta. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
  • In adults, giant cell arteritis is the most frequent kind of vasculitis, especially in Western countries. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
  • In 2012, giant cell arteritis was categorized as a large vessel vasculitis by the Revised Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature, 4 encouraging the adoption of the equivalent term, large vessel GCA . (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
  • Giant cell arteritis is the most frequent systemic vasculitis involving large and medium vessels, with advanced age being the most significant risk factor. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
  • A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. (bvsalud.org)
Systemic1
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a systemic rheumatic inflammatory disease characterized by shoulder and hip girdle pain, and PMR can be associated in some patients with GCA. (houstonmethodist.org)
Diagnosis5
Pain and stiffness6
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness in your neck, shoulders, and hips. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Giant cell arteritis is commonly associated with polymyalgia rheumatica, a condition characterized by muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips. (proprofs.com)
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica is characterized by pain and stiffness in muscles throughout the body. (healthfully.com)
  • Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory disease whose main characteristic is pain and stiffness in the waist, shoulders, hips and neck. (tibhealth.com)
  • Polymyalgia Rheumatica PMR is an inflammatory condition that causes severe pain and stiffness in the muscles of your neck, back, shoulders, and hips. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory disease producing pain and stiffness, mainly in the shoulders and pelvic girdle, in people older than 50 years. (bvsalud.org)
Temporal artery2
  • The patient's presentation of a unilateral throbbing headache, difficulty chewing, and tender, noncompressible temporal artery is highly suggestive of giant cell arteritis. (proprofs.com)
  • Symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), such as headache, temporal artery tenderness, jaw pain, evidence of cerebral ischemia or vision loss, are not usually present in PMR. (tibhealth.com)
Stiffness1
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory joint disease of the elderly characterised by pain and morning stiffness in the neck and limb girdles, with elevation of laboratory markers for inflammation including the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level. (bmj.com)
Arthritis3
  • By the end of the lecture series, attendees will be able to diagnose and initiate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren&apost;s syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, gout and pyrophosphate deposition disease. (continuingeducation.net)
  • A specific gene called HLA-DR4 that is associated with rheumatoid arthritis is also present in many cases where PMR and giant cell arteritis occur together. (arthritis-health.com)
  • Not long ago, most physicians probably knew polymyalgia rheumatica-if they knew of it at all-as the "surprise arthritis," because its symptoms were said to strike so suddenly. (discectomy.net)
Annals of the R1
Arteries10
  • [ 3 ] but typically also involves medium and small arteries, particularly the superficial temporal arteries-hence the term temporal arteritis. (medscape.com)
  • Histopathologically, GCA is marked by transmural inflammation of the intima, media, and adventitia of affected arteries, as well as patchy infiltration by lymphocytes, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (medscape.com)
  • The primary inflammatory response involves the activation of dendritic cells in the adventitia of arteries by an unknown antigen, with production of chemokines that recruit CD4 + T helper cells. (medscape.com)
  • The major types are given in the table below: Takayasu's arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa and giant cell arteritis mainly involve arteries and are thus sometimes classed specifically under arteritis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica sometimes occurs along with giant cell arteritis , a condition that causes swelling of the arteries in your head. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Giant cell arteritis is a disorder that causes inflammation of your arteries, usually in the scalp, neck, and arms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Giant cell arteritis is an inflammatory condition that affects medium and large arteries, particularly the temporal arteries. (proprofs.com)
  • Giant Cell Arteritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the blood vessels, particularly the arteries in the head and neck. (proprofs.com)
  • One key pathological finding in giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the presence of interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-17 producing T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells in affected arteries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Arteritis is inflammation of your arteries. (msdmanuals.com)
Epidemiology1
Patients18
  • In vitro production of IL‐6 and IL‐2 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from treated and untreated patients was quantified using IL‐6- and IL‐2-specific bioassay systems. (elsevierpure.com)
  • To identify the cellular source of plasma IL‐6, PBMC from treated and untreated patients with PMR or GCA were analyzed for their ability to secrete IL‐6 and the T cell-specific cytokine IL‐2. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the relative risk of malignancy in patients with Takayasu's arteritis compared to that in the general population. (nature.com)
  • All newly diagnosed patients with Takayasu's arteritis were identified between January 2009 and December 2019. (nature.com)
  • We identified 1449 newly diagnosed patients with Takayasu's arteritis during the observational period (9196 person-years). (nature.com)
  • An increased risk of malignancy was observed in patients with Takayasu's arteritis compared to that in the general population in this large-scale nationwide population study of Korean health insurance data. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, polymyalgia rheumatica is a concomitant disease frequently seen in patients with giant cell arteritis. (proprofs.com)
  • Patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) shouldn't have to try prednisone before tocilizumab . (the-rheumatologist.org)
  • Thromboembolic events are major contributors to the morbidity and mortality of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), but little is known about how GCA may increase the risk of ischemic strokes. (the-rheumatologist.org)
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica occurs in up to half of patients with GCA. (hcplive.com)
  • Increased Rho Kinase (ROCK) Activity in Temporal Arterial Biopsies from Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). (hss.edu)
  • Up to 60% of patients with GCA also show features of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) which are overlapping inflammatory rheumatic disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Incidence and predictors of large-artery complication (aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and/or large-artery stenosis) in patients with giant cell arteritis: A population-based study over 50 years. (arthritis-health.com)
  • 33 (5): 289-93 As cited in - Schmidt J, Warrington K. Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis in Older Patients. (arthritis-health.com)
  • To analyze the clinical course and duration of therapy in a series of 104 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), identifying factors that influence prolonged steroid use and relapses. (nih.gov)
  • To assess the effects of the coexistence of temporal arteritis (TA) on outcome in PMR, patients were grouped according to the absence or presence of arteritis. (nih.gov)
  • Patients with simultaneous arteritis tended to have a longer duration of therapy, but no increased risk of relapse. (nih.gov)
  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) occurs in approximately 20 % of cases and up to two thirds of patients with GCA have symptoms of PMR. (elsevierpure.com)
Occurs1
Symptoms3
Blood vessels2
  • Blindness is the correct answer because giant cell arteritis is a condition that causes inflammation of the blood vessels, particularly in the head and neck. (proprofs.com)
  • Temporal arteritis [6] can cause headache and tender thick blood vessels on the side of the forehead. (sanevax.org)
Horton2
Approximately 201
Disease4
  • One school of thought considers GCA and polymyalgia rheumatica to be different manifestations of the same disease process, while others see them as closely related but different diseases. (medscape.com)
  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is primarily a disease of cell-mediated immunity, which is thought to arise as a maladaptive response to endothelial injury. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnostic tests of blood samples and genetic components reveal similar findings for PMR and giant cell arteritis, leading experts to see these conditions as two ends of the same disease spectrum. (arthritis-health.com)
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease in older persons with an average age of onset of 73 years. (elsevierpure.com)
Abstract2
Aorta1
Acute1
Connective tissue1
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica" is a good summary of the ailment, poly meaning many, myo meaning muscle, algia meaning pain, and rheumatica referring to an inflammation of connective tissue, such as muscles and ligaments. (discectomy.net)
Etiology1
  • The condition is frequently associated with GIANT CELL ARTERITIS and some theories pose the possibility that the two diseases arise from a single etiology or even that they are the same entity. (embl.de)
Rheumatic1
Affects1
  • It's sometimes called temporal arteritis because it very often affects an artery on your temple (the side of your head). (msdmanuals.com)
Treatment6
Aortitis1
Immune system2
  • Blood tests indicate immune system cells penetrating the synovial membrane of joints and tendons, resulting in inflammation. (arthritis-health.com)
  • This could be linked to concurrent aging of the immune system and the blood vessel wall, where dendritic cells are generally found. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
Prednisone1
Dendritic cells in the adventitia1
  • Some unknown triggers cause abnormal maturation of vascular dendritic cells in the adventitia of large vessel walls. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
Muscle1
  • Interferon gamma causes endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle to recruit more Th1 cells, CD8 + T cells, and monocytes.The monocytes differentiate into macrophages and the characteristic giant cells that produce growth factors, other interleukins and proteolytic enzymes that progressively narrow and obstruct the vessel wall. (medscape.com)
Mononuclear2
  • The hallmark histologic features of GCA shown here include intimal thickening with luminal stenosis, mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate with media invasion and necrosis, and giant cell formation in the media. (medscape.com)
  • Classic histopathological findings include transmural inflammation with mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells. (hcplive.com)
Tocilizumab2
Reactive1
  • Their results will generally show signs of inflammation in the body, such as increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), anemia, increased white blood cell count and eosinophilia. (wikipedia.org)
Rarely1