Polymerizes to form actins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)
The intrinsically disordered cytoplasmic tail of a dendrite branching receptor uses two distinct mechanisms to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (stanford.edu)
We report here our biochemical and structural analysis of this interaction, revealing that the intracellular domain (ICD) of HPO-30 is intrinsically disordered and employs two distinct mechanisms to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (stanford.edu)
Cell migration, an integral component of tumor invasion and metastasis, is regulated by the assembly and disassembly of actin cytoskeleton, which involves the coordinated action of several classes of actin binding proteins. (pitt.edu)
Microfilaments, often referred as actin filaments, are components of a cell's cytoskeleton. (phdnest.com)
Actin is a ubiquitous protein involved in the formation of filaments that are major components of the cytoskeleton. (hasenchat.info)
Two parallel F-actin strands twist around each other in a helical formation, giving rise to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton. (hasenchat.info)
The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility. (hasenchat.info)
MreB, a major component of the bacterial cytoskeleton, exhibits high structural homology to its eukaryotic counterpart actin. (hasenchat.info)
Further it has been suggested that members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases have emerged as key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, and through their interaction with multiple target proteins, they ensure coordinated control of other cellular activities such as gene transcription and adhesion. (hasenchat.info)
These fibers have a diameter of ca. 5-9 nm and form the thinnest of all cytoskeleton fibers. (ptglab.com)
Microtubules form the most rigid part of the cytoskeleton and are responsible for the intracellular movement of organelles or proteins. (ptglab.com)
Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. (transectscience.org)
Theskeleton that supports the structure of our cells, termed cytoskeleton is formed of several kinds of polymers including actin and microtubules. (dresdencondensates.org)
Monomeric actin (G-actin) can self assemble (polymerize) into microfilaments (F-actin), the fundamental unit of the actin cytoskeleton. (tebubio.com)
Actin staining is very useful in determining the structure and function of the cytoskeleton in living a nd fixed cells. (cytoskeleton.com)
The actin cytoskeleton is a very dynamic and labile structure in the living cell, but it can be fixed with paraformaldehyde prior to probing or staining for actin structures. (cytoskeleton.com)
Actin truly is a multi-ligand protein, which simply reflects its central importance as a major component of the cytoskeleton. (hypermol.com)
The actin cytoskeleton is involved in an array of integral structural and developmental processes throughout the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Actin Binding Proteins (ABPs) facilitate rapid remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the unpolymerized (G-actin monomers) and polymerized (F-actin filaments) actin (ACT) equilibrium [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Preventing cell spreading by depolymerizing the actin cytoskeleton with Latrunculin B abrogates this initial volume loss in neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells ( fig. S1F ). (elifesciences.org)

Cell tension is generated along the actin filaments by the movement of myosin II motor proteins along the filaments (see contractile bundles). (mechanobio.info)
AKF99 is also an excellent substrate for detecting actin binding proteins, see Fig. 2. (cytoskeleton.com)
The filamin family of proteins bind to both actin and a number of signaling molecules including Rho GTPases. (mechanobio.info)
Pai and Kabsch were part of a group that collaborated to solve the first actin structure, a challenge because muscle proteins polymerize and don't form crystals. (sbgrid.org)
These dual functions provide an intriguing model of how membrane proteins can integrate distinct mechanisms to fine-tune local actin dynamics. (stanford.edu)
A microfilament is formed when three G-actin proteins combine to create a trimer. (phdnest.com)
The finer striations visible in EM are due in part to addi-tional structural proteins, and in part to zones of overlap be-tween actin and myosin. (brainkart.com)
While actin and myosin are present and responsible for motility in essentially all cells, a peculiarity of the striated muscle (apart from the sheer amount and regular, parallel packing) is the presence of two additional proteins associ-ated with the actin filaments. (brainkart.com)
Following the isolation of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen as specific proteins, DNase 1 was isolated in crystalline form from bovine pancreas and shown to be a heat sensitive protein that could cleave thymus DNA (16). (pancreapedia.org)
The proteins that accompany actin are: tropomyosin (stabilizes filaments), fimbrin, villin, espin, α-actinin (forms bundles of filaments), filamin (forms a network in the cortical cytoplasm), vinculin, talin (anchors filaments). (wikilectures.eu)
The protein is highly conserved, and forms a huge variety of structure in cells in concert with a huge numbers of actin binding proteins. (hasenchat.info)
It has been shown that an ATPase domain of actin shares similarity with ATPase domains of hexokinase and hsp70 proteins. (hasenchat.info)
These proteins form their own unique networks within the cell that have different interdependent functions. (ptglab.com)
They can form their own network, shaped by several actin-binding proteins. (ptglab.com)
Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes. (transectscience.org)
Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. (transectscience.org)
BK001, the actin binding protein spin-down assay kit provides G- or F-actin (rabbit skeletal muscle origin) plus positive (α-actinin ) and negative (Bovine Serum Albumin, BSA) binding control proteins. (tebubio.com)
For example, F-actin is a polymer made of many smaller proteins called monomers. (scienceabode.com)
Once actin barbed ends (+ end of actin polarity) become blocked by capping proteins, profilin begins to sequester G-actin from pointed-end polymerization [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The two major domains of N-actin are more twisted than those of globular actin (G-actin), and its nucleotide-binding pocket is occluded, freeing N-actin from binding to and regulation by ATP. (rcsb.org)
It is most active at pH 7.5 and can be inhibited by globular actin in most species except for rat (17,21). (pancreapedia.org)
Monomeric actin binds in a one-to-one complex that inhibits DNase activity and the ability of globular actin to polymerize. (pancreapedia.org)
The individual subunits of actin are known as globular actin (G-actin) that assembles into long filamentous polymers called F-actin. (hasenchat.info)
Monomers of the globular actin (G-actin) polymerize to form actin filaments (F-actin), long and thin fibers. (ptglab.com)

Filamin binds all actin isoforms (e.g. (mechanobio.info)
Second, HPO-30 ICD directly binds to the sides and barbed end of actin filaments. (stanford.edu)
Besides actin, Pfn1 also binds to several families of proline-rich ligands and these interactions have been implicated in several cellular processes including actin assembly, endocytosis and gene transcription. (pitt.edu)
Each actin protomer binds one molecule of ATP and has one high affinity site for either calcium or magnesium ions, as well as several low affinity sites. (hasenchat.info)
This red fluorescent phalloidin conjugate (equivalent to Alexa Fluor® 594-labeled phalloidin) selectively binds to F-actins. (aatbio.com)
Phalloidin binds to actin filaments much more tightly than to actin monomers, leading to a decrease in the rate constant for the dissociation of actin subunits from filament ends, essentially stabilizing actin filaments through the prevention of filament depolymerization. (aatbio.com)
Fluorescent staining of actin filaments in fixed tissue sections and tissue culture cells preparations.Note: Unlike many actin antibodies, Acti-stain™ 555 phalloidin binds only to F-actin resulting in low background fluorescence. (cytoskeleton.com)
Phalloidin is a seven amino acid peptide toxin from the mushroom Amanita phalloides, which binds specifically and with high affinity (Kd 20 nM) to the polymerized form of actin (F-actin). (cytoskeleton.com)

Here, we report the crystal structure of nuclear actin (N-actin) complexed with actin-related protein 4 (Arp4) and the helicase-SANT-associated (HSA) domain of the chromatin remodeler Swr1. (rcsb.org)
EspB, with the aid of a second membrane lytic protein, EspD, forms pores in the host cell as part of the translocation mechanism ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
PAFs have been prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle actin protein that is greater than 99% pure (Cat. (cytoskeleton.com)
When a colleague observed that mixing actin with DNase stabilizes the protein, the group applied the technique to get a crystal. (sbgrid.org)
In this complex, the claudin-like transmembrane protein HPO-30 recruits the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) to dendrite branching sites, stimulating the Arp2/3 complex to polymerize actin. (stanford.edu)
Binding to the barbed end requires ICD dimerization and inhibits both actin polymerization and depolymerization, resembling the actin capping protein CapZ. (stanford.edu)
It has been shown previously that there is reduced expression of profilin 1 (Pfn1- an ubiquitously expressed actin binding protein) in invasive breast cancer cells. (pitt.edu)
They function in cellular movement, have a diameter of about 7 nm, and are made of two intertwined strands of a globular protein called actin . (jackwestin.com)
Actin is powered by ATP to assemble its filamentous form, which serves as a track for the movement of a motor protein called myosin . (jackwestin.com)
Microfilaments assist with cell movement and structure and are made of a protein called actin. (jackwestin.com)
Actin works with another protein called myosin to produce muscle movements and cell division, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants. (jackwestin.com)
The Listeria monocytogenes ActA protein mediates actin-based motility by recruiting and stimulating the Arp2/3 complex. (silverchair.com)
Protein monomers intertwine into pairs (dimers), which in turn form further pairs (tetramers). (wikilectures.eu)
protein motors of the actin system - ' myosins . (wikilectures.eu)
The cytoskeletal network is composed of three different protein structures named filaments: microtubules, microfilaments (actin), and intermediate filaments. (ptglab.com)
Actin is an abundant protein in all eukaryotic cells. (ptglab.com)
These attachment sites are linked to actin-bundles that surround the nucleus via an Ndj1-Mps3-Csm4 protein bridge that spans the inner and outer nuclear membranes. (biorxiv.org)
The skeletal muscle actin (alpha-actin isoform) is highly conserved among vertebrates, which makes the rabbit skeletal muscle actin the most frequently used actin to investigate protein-protein interactions with cytoskeletal ligands. (hypermol.com)
Multivalent cross-linking of actin filaments and microtubules through the microtubule-associated protein Tau. (hypermol.com)

In our model, branched actin filaments are nucleated at the leading edge, where the Arp2/3 complex is activated by proximity to highly-curved membrane. (cam.ac.uk)

But the self-assembly process is so efficient that scientists have been unable to see what happens when the first two or three monomers come together to form the nucleus of a filament. (scienceabode.com)
The ability of actin monomers e.g. to polymerize into filaments of several µm lengths, to branch or perform the typical actin kinetics, strongly depends on the quality of the actin. (hypermol.com)
Although profilin-bound actin monomers cannot add to pointed ends of actin filaments, they have been shown to elongate filament barbed ends at approximately the same rate as free actin monomers [ 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Polarized polymerization of actin propels the bacteria through the cytoplasm and into pseudopod-like structures that are engulfed by neighboring cells. (silverchair.com)
Recently, profilin has also been found to inhibit the spontaneous polymerization of actin filaments by forming a 1:1 complex with G-actin, thereby lowering ATP-G-actin steady-state concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)

Cells exert traction forces on the ECM and generate tension at focal adhesions through actin stress fibers , which are higher-order structures in the cytoplasm that consist of parallel contractile bundles of actin and myosin filaments. (mechanobio.info)
When introduced into the cytoplasm at low concentrations, phalloidin recruits the less polymerized forms of cytoplasmic actin as well as filamin into stable 'islands' of aggregated actin polymers, yet it does not interfere with stress fibers, i.e. thick bundles of microfilaments. (aatbio.com)
Actin Stress Fibers stained with Acti-stain™ 555 in a Swiss 3T3 cell. (cytoskeleton.com)

These findings revealed the salient structural features of N-actin that distinguish it from its cytoplasmic counterpart and provide a rational basis for its functions and regulation inside the nucleus. (rcsb.org)
We measured cell tension and could validate their hypothesis that the specific cortical actin structure connected to an actin cytoplasmic meshwork did, indeed, control the geometry of cell division. (espci.fr)
This enables actin to engage in cellular events requiring motion such as cell division in animal cells and cytoplasmic streaming, which is the circular movement of the cell cytoplasm in plant cells. (jackwestin.com)
The cytoplasmic membrane there forms in-vaginations called T (transversal) tubules, which protrude into the cell interior and enter into immediate contact with the SR cisterns, which in turn are aligned to the contractile filaments. (brainkart.com)

For this reason, microfilaments are also known as actin filaments. (jackwestin.com)
Microfilaments are made of two intertwined strands of actin. (jackwestin.com)

As a result, they are made up of two spiralling strands of actin subunits. (phdnest.com)
Filamentous actin is made up of actin subunits which combine to produce a microfilament (F-actin). (phdnest.com)
They correspond to densely and regularly packed filaments of actin and myosin, each composed of numerous, linearly polymerized subunits 2 . (brainkart.com)

Thus, intermediate filaments do not have as rigidly defined a structure as actin filaments or microtubules.Regardless of the composition, intermediate filaments have a diameter of around 10 nm. (ptglab.com)
These filaments are less dynamic and flexible than microtubules and actin filaments. (ptglab.com)
Tau concentrates the tubulin dimers, which in turn polymerize to make microtubules inside the tau droplet. (dresdencondensates.org)

Phalloidin lowers the critical concentration of actin polymerization to less than 1 µg/ml, thereby acting as a polymerization enhancer. (cytoskeleton.com)
This idea is further strengthened by results indicating that profilin could lower the critical concentration of actin needed to drive polymerization [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Actin occurs in three isoforms - α (muscle contractile apparatus), β and γ. (wikilectures.eu)
In vertebrates there are three groups of actin isoforms: alpha, beta and gamma. (hasenchat.info)
1. Actin isoforms. (hasenchat.info)
The different actin isoforms can show distinct cellular and sub-cellular expression and localization. (tebubio.com)

At the site of bacterial attachment, the host cell membrane forms a pedestal-like structure. (cdc.gov)
One popular model posits that protrusion operates by a Brownian ratchet mechanism, as actin filaments polymerize behind the fluctuating cell membrane and support its forward motion. (cam.ac.uk)
Filamin forms a vital scaffolding adaptor and regulatory component that contributes to the mechanical stability of cells by linking the internal actin network with membrane receptors and mechanosensitive components. (mechanobio.info)
Previous studies on the highly branched Caenorhabditis elegans PVD sensory neuron identified a membrane co-receptor complex that links extracellular signals to intracellular actin remodeling machinery, promoting high-order dendrite branching. (stanford.edu)
We have reconstituted the actin cortex of cells at the membrane of liposomes, and characterized their mechanical properties. (espci.fr)
Actin filaments form bands close to the plasma membrane. (ptglab.com)
Initially, homogeneously and isotropically distributed actin filament bundles condense into a thin layer where they connect to form a porous elastic membrane. (technion.ac.il)
Actin filaments polymerize at the leading edge of the cell membrane, pushing it forward and allowing for the cell to bind to new sites in the extracellular matrix. (uw.edu)
While the involvement of actin polymerization in membrane protrusion is well-established, we have a more limited understanding of the role of transmembrane water flow in cell motility. (elifesciences.org)

Actin polymerizes and forms filamentous structures (F-actin) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. (rcsb.org)
Intracellular L. monocytogenes replicate in the cytoplasm of host cells and induce the polymerization of host actin filaments at the bacterial surface. (silverchair.com)

Fluorescent derivatives of phalloidin have turned out to be enormously useful in localizing actin filaments in living or fixed cells as well as for visualizing individual actin filaments in vitro. (aatbio.com)
Preparation of stabilized fluorescent actin filaments in vitro. (cytoskeleton.com)

The property of phalloidin is a useful tool for investigating the distribution of F-actin in cells by labeling phalloidin with fluorescent analogs and using them to stain actin filaments for light microscopy. (aatbio.com)
Phalloidin has been labeled with a proprietary red fluorescent dye which allows it to be used to stain actin filaments in tissue cultured cells and tissue sections (1, see Figure 1) and cell-free preparations. (cytoskeleton.com)

However, the specific structure of actin and the mechanisms that regulate its polymeric nature inside the nucleus remain unknown. (rcsb.org)
The ability of VASP to contribute to actin filament nucleation and to regulate actin filament architecture highlights the central role of VASP in actin-based motility. (silverchair.com)

Actins are highly conserved within the eukaryotic kingdom and exist in higher eukaryotes as multigene families. (tebubio.com)

Fluorescent phalloidin derivatives have been used as an important tool in the study of actin networks at high resolution. (aatbio.com)

Instead, they seem as elongated polymerized chains of molecules linked to form an F-actin filamentous structure. (phdnest.com)
However, extensive research has shown that they also play a complex role in the formation of F-actin (filamentous actin) through the replenishment of the ATP-actin monomer pool via catalyzing the exchange of ADP for ATP on Actin [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this thesis I present the development and characterization of three longitudinal actin dimers and a high-throughput assay to screen F-actin structures. (uoguelph.ca)
Inflammatory immune cells recruited at the site of chronic inflammation form structures that resemble secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). (cnrs.fr)

It is made up of two parallel polymers of G-actin that are coiled around each other in a helical configuration and have a diameter of 6 to 8 nanometers each. (phdnest.com)

however, this region is dispensable for actin-based motility in cells. (silverchair.com)
The actin filaments interact with myosin to produce a sliding effect, which is the basis of muscular contraction and many aspects of cell motility, including cytokinesis. (hasenchat.info)
In contrast to the extensive work characterizing the actin regulators that underlie cell motility, we have a relatively poor understanding of the molecular regulators of water influx during cell migration. (elifesciences.org)

Skeletal muscle cells form long syncytia in which the excitation spreads even faster. (brainkart.com)
Actin from rabbit skeletal muscle is a single chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of 42kD consisting of 375 amino acids. (hypermol.com)

Here, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) recruitment by ActA can bypass defects in actin monomer-binding. (silverchair.com)
The basic unit is globular G-actin (globular monomer) and fibrillar F-actin (polymerizing into an asymmetric double helix). (wikilectures.eu)
It exists as a monomer in low salt concentrations, but filaments form rapidly as salt concentration rises, with the consequent hydrolysis of ATP. (hasenchat.info)

In 2008, Ma and Wang asked Xiaorui Chen, a graduate student in BCM's Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics program, to undertake the task of using x-ray crystallography to determine the structure of the actin nucleus. (scienceabode.com)

These building blocks, which are called G-actin, self-assemble end to end to form F-actin. (scienceabode.com)

This will both propel the myosin filament along the actin `track'and trigger the intrinsic ATPase activ-ity of myosin. (brainkart.com)
It is characterized by binding to ATP/ADP (ATPase function) and the binding sites for divalent cations, that strongly contribute to the stabilization of actin. (hypermol.com)

Two long actin strands are spiralled together to form the actin microfilament. (phdnest.com)

Eukaryotic cells depend heavily just on stability of their actin filaments to survive because they are exposed to so many threats. (phdnest.com)

Parallel arranged tetramers form the typical helical structure of intermediate filaments. (wikilectures.eu)
Actin filaments are very flexible and show a helical structure. (ptglab.com)

While profilin does not bind F-actin directly, profilin-ATP-G-actin complexes are essential for rapid filament assembly [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
While the role of profilin in actin mechanics and signaling has been explored in detail, its role in development is tissue and development is poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)

Swiss 3T3 cell with activated Rho, nucleus is stained with Dapi (blue) and F-actin is stained with Acti-stain™ 555 (red F-actin, Cat. (cytoskeleton.com)

The inner face and barbed end of N-actin are sequestered by interactions with Arp4 and the HSA domain, respectively, which prevents N-actin from polymerization and binding to many actin regulators. (rcsb.org)

04:53.1 We can put purified molecules 04:55.1 in a laterally mobile form in the substrate 04:57.3 and T cells can assemble an immunological synapse. (ibiology.org)

Active chaotic flows drive the assembly and large-scale dynamics of polymerized membranes in an aqueous environment. (technion.ac.il)
The polymerized membranes then exhibit out-of-plane bending fluctuations that exceed thermal motions by orders of magnitude. (technion.ac.il)
Indeed, the nematic order of the actin filaments along the polymerizing membranes is a destabilizing factor. (epj.org)

These stringently quality controlled filaments provide highly reliable and reproducible results in assays that require actin filament substrates. (cytoskeleton.com)

Together with myosin filaments (15-16 nm) they form a molecular motor. (wikilectures.eu)

Moreover, phalloidin is found to inhibit the ATP hydrolysis activity of F-actin. (aatbio.com)

Stress granules are membraneless compartments formed by phase separation of specific molecules upon exposure to cellular stress such as oxidative stress, heat shock, or osmotic stress. (dresdencondensates.org)

The interaction between actin and myosin is the bases of many cellular force generating processes, most notably muscle contraction. (uoguelph.ca)

yet, it must still retain the functional characteristics of F-actin. (uoguelph.ca)
We show that functional perturbation of Pfn1 affects the F-actin content in MDA-MB-231 cells. (pitt.edu)
Increased focal adhesion formation in MDA-MB-231 cells as a result of Pfn1 overexpression appears to require a functional actin-binding site of Pfn1. (pitt.edu)
We show that cell migration and invasion in response to chemotactic stimulus are inhibited when either fully functional or mutant forms of Pfn1 are expressed in these cells. (pitt.edu)
Acti-stain™ 555 phalloidin-labeled actin filaments retain many functional characteristics of unlabeled actin including their ability to interact with myosin. (cytoskeleton.com)
To provide the best actin we can possibly make, our proprietary freeze-drying technique preserves the highly functional actin, to arrive directly at your bench. (hypermol.com)

Compare these performance characteristics to other fluorescent phalloidins and you will see the advantages of using Acti-stain™ for your actin staining requirements. (cytoskeleton.com)

An atomic resolution structure of the actomyosin complex has long eluded researchers, complicated by the propensity of actin to polymerize into a non-crystallizable filament. (uoguelph.ca)

A synthesized peptide derived from human Actin-pan. (affbiotech.cn)

Our model also suggests why actin is branched within lamellipodia, and provides a potential explanation for the characteristic lamellipod height. (cam.ac.uk)

Immunofluorescence microscopy has shown that the area of host cell in proximity to the bacterium contains polymerized actin, α-actinin, talin, and ezrin ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

Many cells spread on surfaces and crawl across them by extending an actin-rich lamellipod - a thin section at the perimeter of the cell that is typically several micrometres broad, but less than 200nm high. (cam.ac.uk)
By conducting stochastic simulations of this non-equilibrium process in the steady-state regime, we show that our model can reproduce the characteristic force-velocity relation of motile cells, as well as the retrograde flow of actin. (cam.ac.uk)
Specifically, Pfn1 overexpression stimulates actin polymerization, whereas expression of an actin-binding deficient mutant of Pfn1 decreases the overall level of polymerized actin in MDA-MB-231 cells. (pitt.edu)
Actin and myosin are plentiful in muscle cells - when they slide past each other, your muscles contract. (jackwestin.com)
In animal cell division, a ring made of actin and myosin pinches the cell apart to generate two new daughter cells. (jackwestin.com)
Individual oscillating cells are synchronized with their neighbors, forming a coherent wave pattern of gene expression. (ens-lyon.fr)
We use the theory of active gels to study theoretically the merging and separation of two actin dense layers akin to cortical layers of animal cells. (epj.org)
Actin filaments help cells maintain their shape. (scienceabode.com)
The F-actin filaments inside cells are constantly being built, torn apart and rebuilt. (scienceabode.com)

Furthermore, purified VASP enhances the actin-nucleating activity of wild-type ActA and the Arp2/3 complex while also reducing the frequency of actin branch formation. (silverchair.com)

BK003, The Actin Polymerization Biochem Kit is based on the enhanced fluorescence of pyrene conjugated actin that occurs during polymerization. (tebubio.com)

Many different cellular processes related to cell shape or cell motion depend on actin filaments. (ptglab.com)

Used at nanomolar concentrations, phalloidin derivatives are convenient probes for labeling, identifying and quantitating F-actins in formaldehyde-fixed and permeabilized tissue sections, cell cultures or cell-free experiments. (aatbio.com)

Specifically, we have studied how stable overexpression of Pfn1 and its mutant forms that are selectively impaired in binding to either actin or proline-rich ligands affect the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231, a highly metastatic breast cancer cell line. (pitt.edu)

Anatomy33

Organisms12

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science5

Cytoskeleton21

Proteins19

Globular actin5

Binds8

Protein19

Branched actin filaments1

Monomers3

Polymerization of actin2

Stress fibers3

Cytoplasmic4

Microfilaments2

Subunits3

Microtubules3

Critical concentration of actin2

Isoforms4

Membrane9

Cytoplasm2

Filaments in vitro2

Stain actin filaments2

Regulate2

Highly conserved1

Study of actin1

Filamentous2

Structures2

Polymers1

Motility3

Skeletal2

Monomer3

Structural1

Self assemble1

ATPase2

Strands1

Eukaryotic cells1

Helical structure2

Profilin2

Nucleus1

Regulators1

Assemble1

Membranes3

Assays1

Myosin filaments1

Found to inhibit1

Molecules1

Interaction1

Functional6

Fluorescent Phalloidins1

Actomyosin1

Peptide1

Lamellipodia1

Talin1

Cells9

VASP1

Fluorescence1

Cellular1

Concentrations1

Ligands1