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Benzoyl PeroxidePolymerizationPolymers
MonomerPolymerATRPPolymersMonomersRing-Opening PolymeCatalystFumigantComplexesAcrylonitrileProcessesReactionsMolecularEquilibrium constantRadicalCopolymersSolventThermalBulkChenSuspension-polymerizationChainsPeroxidesSystemSolutionCompositionsVinylInvolvesTechniqueRateSectionPropertiesActiveMethodHighly
Monomer6
  • ATRP reactions are very robust in that they are tolerant of many functional groups like allyl, amino, epoxy, hydroxy, and vinyl groups present in either the monomer or the initiator. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kinetic parameters were investigated, and each polymerization was found to be first order with respect to monomer concentration. (acs.org)
  • It also acts as an initiator for vinyl monomer polymerization. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The rate dependences on monomer and initiator were found. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Initially, the functional monomer forms a complex and, after polymerization, their functional groups are held by the highly crosslinking polymeric structure. (intechopen.com)
  • Search as many patents as you want, the initial polymerisation seems to be styrene monomer + initiator + water, process, and that's it. (sciencemadness.org)
Polymer8
  • The efficacy of these initiators was determined by the ratio of chain transfer, polymer length and distributions DPn, Mn, Mw and PDI as well as synthetic challenges. (sfu.ca)
  • The number of polymer chains is determined by the number of initiators. (wikipedia.org)
  • The shape or structure of the initiator influences polymer architecture. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, initiators with multiple alkyl halide groups on a single core can lead to a star-like polymer shape. (wikipedia.org)
  • By using Flexibloc ® as a polymer initiator for polymerization, various types of block copolymers can be easily designed. (arkema.com)
  • Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi , L.Cheng, J. Soares, L. Simon ' Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene with Bifunctional and Monofunctional Initiators: Experimental and Mathematical Modeling Results ' Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry , 45(11), 2212, (2007). (edu.sa)
  • Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi , A. Sardashti, J. Soares, L. Simon , ' Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and acrylonitrile with monofunctional and bifunctional initiators' Polymer, 48(7), 1954-1961, (2007). (edu.sa)
  • In a random polymerization, they would be randomly dispersed along the polymer backbone. (phys.org)
ATRP9
  • Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is an example of a reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. (wikipedia.org)
  • ATRP (or transition metal-mediated living radical polymerization) was independently discovered by Mitsuo Sawamoto and by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski and Jin-Shan Wang in 1995. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following scheme presents a typical ATRP reaction: IUPAC definition for ATRP Controlled reversible-deactivation radical polymerization in which the deactivation of the radicals involves reversible atom transfer or reversible group transfer catalyzed usually, though not exclusively, by transition-metal complexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • ATRP usually employs a transition metal complex as the catalyst with an alkyl halide as the initiator (R-X). Various transition metal complexes, namely those of Cu, Fe, Ru, Ni, and Os, have been employed as catalysts for ATRP. (wikipedia.org)
  • ATRP methods are also advantageous due to the ease of preparation, commercially available and inexpensive catalysts (copper complexes), pyridine-based ligands, and initiators (alkyl halides). (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, α-functionalized ATRP initiators can be used to synthesize hetero-telechelic polymers with a variety of chain-end groups The catalyst is the most important component of ATRP because it determines the equilibrium constant between the active and dormant species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mamdouh A. Al-Harthi , J. Soares, L. Simon , 'Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation of ATRP with Bifunctional Initiators' Macromol. (edu.sa)
  • The acidic polymeric PSSA chain was synthesized via surface initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) whereas the adjacent PIL chain was synthesized via UV-initiated radical polymerization. (confex.com)
  • The two chains were grafted from randomly immobilized UV and ATRP initiators on the substrate surface. (confex.com)
Polymers5
  • For example, the aqueous dispersion RAFT polymerization allows one to obtain a colloidal solution only for a small number of water-soluble monomers which form insoluble polymers during polymerization [ 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • Polymerisation means joining lots of small molecules (called monomers ) into very large long molecules (called polymers ). (docbrown.info)
  • The Rice lab of materials scientist Eilaf Egap focused on the latter with its demonstration of a stable and economical method to make polymers through photo-controlled atom-transfer radical polymerization. (phys.org)
  • They said the living polymerization process could lead to the creation of novel polymers. (phys.org)
  • Egap, an assistant professor of materials science and nanoengineering and chemical and biomolecular engineering, said quantum dot polymerization shows promise for highly controlled growth of sophisticated polymers. (phys.org)
Monomers5
  • The unit cell contains two lactide monomers, one d - and one l -lactide, adding further proof that polymerization takes place via an enantiomorphic site control mechanism. (acs.org)
  • To do this you need oligomers, which form a network of chains, monomers that serve as a thinner and a UV-sensitive initiator that gets the polymerization started. (rug.nl)
  • Polyvinyl chloride is produced through vinyl chloride monomers (VCM) polymerization. (iqsdirectory.com)
  • That introduced the generation of free radical atoms from a bromide-based initiator, which in turn triggered acrylate monomers in the solution to link. (phys.org)
  • Because the monomers tested in Egap's lab had no ability to terminate propagation of the chain, the process is called living polymerization. (phys.org)
Ring-Opening Polyme3
  • These complexes were tested for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac -lactide at 70 °C in toluene, producing poly(lactide) with up to 82% isotacticity. (acs.org)
  • Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone by Using Aluminum Complexes Bearing Aryl Thioether Phenolates: Labile Thioether Chelation. (acs.org)
  • Polypeptide chains were grown from the amine initiators by ring opening polymerization of the N-carboxyanhydride of the glutamate. (aps.org)
Catalyst3
  • Therefore, it is important that the other components of the polymerization (initiator, catalyst, ligand, and solvent) are optimized in order for the concentration of the dormant species to be greater than that of the propagating radical while being low enough as to prevent slowing down or halting the reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fractional orders were observed with respect to catalyst concentration, indicating catalyst aggregation during the polymerization processes. (acs.org)
  • The method comprises the following step: contacting a raw material to be cracked with a catalytic cracking catalyst in the presence of a free radical initiator under cataly. (sumobrain.com)
Fumigant2
  • Phosphine is also used as a fumigant and a polymerization initiator. (cdc.gov)
  • It is also used as a fumigant, a polymerization initiator and as an intermediate for the preparation of several flame retardants. (cdc.gov)
Complexes1
  • Air-Stable (Phenylbuta-1,3-diynyl)palladium(II) Complexes: Highly Active Initiators for Living Polymerization of Isocyanides. (acs.org)
Acrylonitrile1
  • In part I of this thesis, the kinetics of the photoinitiated polymerisation of acrylonitrile, in bulk, in a precipitating medium, and in solution, have been studied and compared. (gla.ac.uk)
Processes2
  • Can be used in general-purpose radical-polymerization processes (bulk, liquid-solution, and suspension-polymerization processes). (arkema.com)
  • Macromolecular Symposia 2004 , 215 (Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Ionic Polymerization and Related Processes), 67-79. (wustl.edu)
Reactions1
  • What we've developed is an initiator system that uses visible light such as that from a standard mobile-phone torch to initiate polymerisation reactions," says Otago inventor Dr Khoon Lim. (otago.ac.nz)
Molecular1
  • At present, one of the simplest and most affordable methods for preparing such a colloidal solution is heterophase-controlled polymerization occurring by the reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer ( RAFT ) mechanism, which makes it possible to simultaneously control the molecular characteristics of the synthesized block copolymer and tune the size and morphology of the resulting micelles in the nanoscale. (springer.com)
Equilibrium constant1
  • An equilibrium constant that is too small may inhibit or slow the polymerization while an equilibrium constant that is too large leads to a wide distribution of chain lengths. (wikipedia.org)
Radical8
  • Polymerization from this method is called atom transfer radical addition polymerization (ATRAP). (wikipedia.org)
  • There are five important variable components of atom transfer radical polymerizations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Initiators are typically chosen to be alkyl halides whose frameworks are similar to that of the propagating radical. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diacyl peroxide is used as a free radical initiator in the polymerization of PVCs. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • In the study, radical polymerization of the radical initiator was induced by ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Appropriate binding conditions were established, including the amount of the radical initiator (H2O2/AA), hydrogen peroxide concentration of the H2O2/AA, reaction time of the H2O2/AA, and reaction time of the polyphenol solution. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Semiconductor Quantum Dots as Photocatalysts for Controlled Light-Mediated Radical Polymerization, ACS Macro Letters (2018). (phys.org)
  • Novel sorbent hydrogels containing acrylamide/sodium vinylsulfonate, carboxymethyl cellulose and zeolite were synthesized with free radical solution polymerization by using ammonium persulfate/ N , N , N' , N' -tetramethylethyle - nediamine as redox initiating pair in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as crosslinker. (scirp.org)
Copolymers1
  • In the presence of maleic anhydride-dicyclopentadiene copolymers (MADCPD) as a sterical agent, polyaniline (PANI) composites doped with p-toluene sulphonic acid (p-TSA) were successfully synthesized by using kalium persulfate (PSK) as initiator and oxidizing agent. (oldcitypublishing.com)
Solvent3
  • The homophase polymerization of acrylic acid is carried out in a solution of poly(butyl acrylate) trithiocarbonate (PBATC) in a mixed solvent 2-propanol-water. (springer.com)
  • The homophase polymerization of AA in the three-component system at 70°C, in which the mixed solvent with respect to PBATC is similar in thermodynamic quality to the θ-solvent at 22°, yields solutions of the narrowly dispersed block copolymer butyl acrylate-acrylic acid. (springer.com)
  • In particular, in dispersion RAFT polymerization it is often difficult to choose a selective solvent in which all reagents are readily soluble but which is selective with respect to the blocks of the synthesized block copolymer. (springer.com)
Thermal1
  • Thermal frontal polymerisation was identified as the most promising route for contact curing of epoxy resins. (europa.eu)
Bulk1
  • Two separate rate relationships were found for the bulk polymerisation. (gla.ac.uk)
Chen1
  • A New Bifunctional Initiator for Use in Anionic Polymerizations", Kurt A. Alberty, Rong Chen , Thieo E. Hogen-Esch. (wustl.edu)
Suspension-polymerization1
  • Although mass, emulsion/dispersion, and solution methods may all be utilized to produce this material, suspension polymerization is preferred. (iqsdirectory.com)
Chains1
  • To ensure a low polydispersity and a controlled polymerization, the rate of initiation must be as fast or preferably faster than the rate of propagation Ideally, all chains will be initiated in a very short period of time and will be propagated at the same rate. (wikipedia.org)
Peroxides1
  • Organic peroxides are widely used as initiators in coatings, adhesives, paints, and dry oils. (marketsandmarkets.com)
System3
  • Currently there is no resin-initiator system in the literature for frontal polymerisation of epoxies at room temperature. (europa.eu)
  • The present invention relates to a dental composition comprising a specific polymerization initiator system comprising a compound having an acylsilyl- or acylgermanyl-group. (researchgate.net)
  • Advanced BioMatrix's first product related to the invention is the visible light photo-initiator system Ruthenium that researchers can use in conjunction with methacrylated materials such as GelMA. (otago.ac.nz)
Solution2
  • However, either the use of these solvents is not economical or they do not fully meet requirements of the polymerization preparation of the colloidal solution. (springer.com)
  • The problem can be solved by obtaining a colloidal solution of a block copolymer in a medium in which a homophase solution is formed at elevated temperatures of polymerization. (springer.com)
Compositions1
  • the polymerization enthalpies of these compositions were measured with the differential scanning calorimeter DSC 7 from Perkin Elmer. (researchgate.net)
Vinyl1
Involves1
Technique1
  • The main limitations of direct restorations with composite resins are polymerization shrinkage, microleakage, postoperative sensitivity 2 , low wear resistance and technique sensitivity, which limits its use in large Class II cavities and teeth with destroyed crowns 3 . (bvsalud.org)
Rate1
Section1
Properties1
  • In these situations, indirect aesthetic resin or ceramic restorations are much more indicated because of their advantages, such as less polymerization shrinkage (restricted to resinous cement), better mechanical properties, better contact and proximal contour, excellent occlusal morphology and greater aesthetic resources 4-5 . (bvsalud.org)
Active1
  • Trigonox® B-CH50 is an initiator (50% active ingredient in odorless mineral spirits) for (co)polymerization of (meth)acrylates. (nouryon.com)
Method1
  • However, this heterophase method has a limitation in cases where it is impossible to implement conditions for RAFT polymerization in a given medium. (springer.com)
Highly1
  • Melt polymerization of acrylamide initiated by nucleophiles: a route toward highly branched and amorphous polyamide 3. (ki.si)