Polymerase to gene. Medical search. Frequent questions

Quantitative analysis by the polymerase chain reaction. (jci.org)
To demonstrate the presence of components of local RASs in humans we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after reverse transcription to detect renin- angiotensinogen-, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-mRNA in small quantities of human tissues. (jci.org)
nonetheless, until now, no validated reference genes from the genus Serratia have been reported that can be used for the normalization of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data. (techscience.com)
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing also was positive for type B toxin gene. (cdc.gov)
Materials and Methods: We developed a highly specific and sensitive nested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the presence of bladder cancer in small volumes of patient urine. (tau.ac.il)
The regions surrounding the DNA methylation sites were amplified in a methylation independent first round polymerase chain reaction and the amplification product from the first polymerase chain reaction was used in a real-time methylation specific polymerase chain reaction. (tau.ac.il)
Conclusions: We developed a novel methylation specific polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and monitoring of bladder cancer using DNA extracted from patient urine. (tau.ac.il)
We performed real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to evaluate Bradeion/SEPT4 transcript levels using urine sample mRNA. (unicatt.it)
Is the Subject Area "Polymerase chain reaction" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
RNA samples from cultured cells were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in five separate experiments. (thieme-connect.com)
The presence of Helicobacter genus-specific DNA (16S rRNA genes) was determined by nested polymerase chain reaction assay. (who.int)
Sanger sequencing of the patient's cDNA after nested polymerase chain reaction showed that the patient had both a normal transcript containing. (lu.se)
The DNA to investigate the polymorphisms of osteoprotegerin, obtained through the technique of polymerase chain reaction, was obtained from the blood serum of the participants. (bvsalud.org)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and sequencing was used to determine the presence of β-lactamase encoding genes (bla) including bla NDM-1 and plasmid-mediated quinolone and aminoglycoside resistance determinants. (who.int)
The Institute receives Polymerase chain reaction during their life time [2]. (who.int)
8]. The polymerase ease can infect humans and animals, questionnaire administered during chain reaction (PCR) mixture was with outcomes ranging from localized the collection of samples. (who.int)

DNA polymerase epsilon, which is involved in DNA repair and replication, is composed of a large catalytic subunit and a small accessory subunit. (nih.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene represents the small subunit (B). Defects in this gene have been linked to colorectal cancer and to combined immunodeficiency. (nih.gov)
Mutations/polymorphisms in the 55 kDa subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon in human colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
The solution structure of the amino-terminal domain of human DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B is homologous to C-domains of AAA+ proteins. (nih.gov)
Purification, cDNA cloning, and gene mapping of the small subunit of human DNA polymerase epsilon. (nih.gov)
The dissociable sigma (σ) factor subunit directs the RNAP to different sets of genes to allow their expression in response to various cellular needs. (nih.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of both RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III complexes. (nih.gov)
An early-morning sputum sam- encoding the B-subunit of RNA of droplet particles aerosolized from ple was collected from 170 patients polymerase ( rpoB DNA, 342-360 persons infected with Mycobacterium into wide-mouthed plastic contain- base pairs) was the target region for tuberculosis or by consumption of milk ers. (who.int)

The results showed that the zipA and 16S rRNA genes were the most stable reference genes, and the least stable genes were thiC and recA . (techscience.com)
c-Myc binds to human ribosomal DNA and stimulates transcription of rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I. (fhcrc.org)
Grandori, Carla and Gomez-Roman, Natividad and Felton-Edkins, Zoe A and Ngouenet, Celine and Galloway, Denise A and Eisenman, Robert N and White, Robert J (2005) c-Myc binds to human ribosomal DNA and stimulates transcription of rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I. Nature cell biology, 7 (3). (fhcrc.org)
Here, we demonstrate that human c-Myc also directly enhances Pol I transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. (fhcrc.org)

Hence, the genes that rely upon σ 54 for their transcription have a wide range of different functions suggesting that the repertoire of functions performed by genes, directly or indirectly affected by σ 54 , is not yet exhaustive. (nih.gov)
RNA polymerase (RNAP) performs various tasks during transcription by changing its conformational states, which are gradually becoming clarified. (nih.gov)
This structure impedes transcription and blocks polymerase action. (nist.gov)
TATA-box binding protein is not required for RNA Polymerase II transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells. (elifesciences.org)

GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
Different activator ATPases couple diverse environmental cues to the σ 54 -RNAP to mediate adaptive changes in gene expression. (nih.gov)
IMPORTANCE RNA synthesis is the first step of gene expression. (nih.gov)
Usage information: Gene expression of the renin-angiotensin system in human tissues. (jci.org)
Gene expression of the renin-angiotensin system in human tissues. (jci.org)
Activation of tissue-specific gene expression of the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in humans may play an important role in cardiovascular regulation and pathophysiology. (jci.org)
In order to study changes of gene expression in small tissue samples (e.g., renal biopsies) obtained from patients, we established a competitive PCR assay for quantification of renin, using a 155-basepair deletion mutant of the human renin cDNA as an internal standard. (jci.org)
The method described here may serve as a highly sensitive tool to quantify alterations in gene expression in man under various pathophysiologic conditions. (jci.org)
The expression stability of these genes was analyzed using different algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper). (techscience.com)
To verify the reliability of the data, the expression of the glucose dehydrogenase ( gdh ) gene under different soluble phosphate levels was quantified using the most stably expressed reference gene. (techscience.com)
Therefore, this study provides a stable and reliable reference gene of Serratia for the accurate quantification of functional gene expression in future studies. (techscience.com)
RNA extracted from mock-infected and WNV-infected cells was assessed for differential expression of genes using Affymetrix microarray. (molvis.org)
Low-level WNV infection of hRPE cells induced expression of genes that are typically associated with the host cell response to virus infection. (molvis.org)
Is the Subject Area "Gene expression" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Progesterone is primary regulator of Cdk2ap1 gene expression and tissue-specific expression in the uterus. (nih.gov)
We evaluated whether Bradeion/SEPT4 gene expression could be used as a potential urinary marker to diagnose bladder transitional cell carcinoma. (unicatt.it)
these effects are thought to involve alterations in gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
Using the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model of Parkinson's disease and differential display PCR, we have identified a set of more than 30 genes whose expression rapidly increases in response to stimulation of striatal dopamine D 1 receptors. (jneurosci.org)
The induced mRNAs include both novel and previously described genes, with diverse time courses of expression. (jneurosci.org)
these gene expression changes may be responsible for the alterations in striatal physiology. (jneurosci.org)
One example is dynorphin gene expression, which is progressively induced in dorsal striatum by cocaine. (jneurosci.org)
Further, a single S-cdA lesion in the TATA box reduces gene expression. (nist.gov)
Initial insight is provided on changes in DNA structure that potentially affect gene expression and increase breast cancer risk. (nist.gov)
Results Arnica montana at the 2c dilution (final concentration of sesquiterpene lactones in cell culture = 10 −8 mol/L) significantly stimulated the expression of three genes which code for regulatory proteins of the extracellular matrix, namely FN1 (fibronectin 1, % increase of 21.8 ± standard error of the mean 4.6), low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 1 (% increase of 33.4 ± 6.1) and heparan sulphate proteoglycan 2 (% increase of 21.6 ± 9.1). (thieme-connect.com)
tures and gene expression patterns. (lu.se)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

The multisubunit RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the central enzyme responsible for RNA synthesis in bacteria. (nih.gov)
The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
The primers are synthesized by a DNA dependent RNA polymerase enzyme called primase-the product of the dna G gene in E. coli . (blogspot.com)
The three-dimensional crystal structure of the DnaG catalytic domain revealed its folding and active site are distinct from the well studied polymerases, suggesting that it may employ a novel enzyme mechanism. (blogspot.com)
To evaluate prospectively the influence of an angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism on long term clinical outcome of patients with established coronary artery disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. (bmj.com)
The rpoB gene target sequence was amplified using mutagenesis forward and reverse primers followed by Hin dIII enzyme digestion. (who.int)

Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 23 genes was used to validate the microarray results. (molvis.org)

The gradual conversion from endosymbiont to organelle during the course of evolution has clearly been accompanied by a dramatic reduction in genome size as the chloroplasts lost most of their genes to the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report showing that the eukaryotic genome has gained a riboviral polymerase gene from an ancient virus that has the potential to encode a functional RdRp. (elsevierpure.com)

Explore the normal functions of human genes and the health implications of genetic changes. (medlineplus.gov)
AIM: This study aims to explore genetic variations in DRD2 gene and waterpipe smoking, motives and addiction in Egyptian rural males. (who.int)

There are three classes of approved DAAs: NS3/4A protease inhibitors, NS5A inhibitors, and polymerase inhibitors (nonnucleoside inhibitors and nucleotide inhibitors). (medscape.com)

Endogenous bornavirus-like L (EBLL) elements are inheritable sequences derived from ancient bornavirus L genes that encode a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in many eukaryotic genomes. (elsevierpure.com)
The eEBLL-1 coding sequence revealed that functional motifs essential for mononegaviral RdRp activity are well conserved in the EBLL-1 genes. (elsevierpure.com)
COV00801 The SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RDRP), also known as nsp12, is a vital component of the viral RNA replication and transcripition machinery, making it one of the key drug. (topsan.org)
After cellular uptake, it is phosphoribosylated and recognized as a substrate for the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and can cause chain termination or lethal mutagenesis [ 1 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
The minor sensitive gene target was RdRP. (bvsalud.org)

Here, we describe an oligonucleotide synthesis strategy that uses the template-independent polymerase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). (nature.com)
DNA polymerases are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis DNA.There are at least fifteen different DNA polymerases known in eukaryotes. (tocris.com)
The synthesis of this RNA in vitro and in vivo, and the close proximity of its 5′ end to the promoter of the α1 globin gene suggest a common mechanism regulating the transcriptional initiation of both the upstream and the major α1 globin RNAs. (tmu.edu.tw)
The replisome contains activities that separate the strands and hold them apart for synthesis by the replisome version of DNA polymerase, called DNA polymerase III in bacteria. (blogspot.com)
The use of short RNA primers gets around the limitation imposed by the mechanism of DNA polymerase, namely, that it cannot initiate DNA synthesis de novo . (blogspot.com)
DNA polymerase III catalyzes synthesis of DNA in the 5′ → 3′ direction by extending each short RNA primer. (blogspot.com)

A novel mutation in the POLE2 gene causing combined immunodeficiency. (nih.gov)
Novel POLR1C mutation in RNA polymerase III-related leukodystrophy with severe myoclonus and dystonia. (nih.gov)
We select for phage encoding a dominant lethal version of gene 2.5, whose viability is recovered via second-site suppressor mutation(s). (neb.com)
Bloom syndrome (congenital telangiectatic erythema) is caused by a mutation in both alleles of the gene designated BLM, traced to band 15q26.1. (medscape.com)
The BLM mutations can be found in compound heterozygous forms, homozygous forms, or as single gene mutation forms. (medscape.com)

Orthopoxviruses and Monkeypox virus were detected in the organs by PCR using consensus primers targeting the virus surface membrane haemagglutinin (HA) genes, while Leptospira species were detected by PCR using primers targeting the rrs and lfb1 genes. (who.int)

The canonical function of a bacterial sigma (σ) factor is to determine the gene specificity of the RNA polymerase (RNAP). (nih.gov)
This finding suggests a role for this σ 54 in gene regulation that extends beyond its known function as an RNAP gene specificity factor. (nih.gov)
In contrast to some previously described early genes, most of the novel genes are not induced in cortex by apomorphine, indicating specificity of induction. (jneurosci.org)

Some of the induced genes, such as CREM, CHOP, and MAP kinase phosphatase-1, may be components of a homeostatic response to excessive stimulation. (jneurosci.org)

HCV NS5B polymerase plays an essential role in HCV replication. (medscape.com)
Sofosbuvir is a NS5B polymerase inhibitor that results in suppression of HCV replication and interrupts HCV life cycle. (medscape.com)

Extragenic suppressor mutations occur in several genes encoding enzymes of DNA metabolism. (neb.com)

It thus allows for the production of synthetic genes and even entire synthetic genomes. (wikipedia.org)

We have identified an abundant transcript initiated upstream from the canonical cap site of human α1 globin gene in bone marrow cells and in COS-7 cells transfected with an α1 globin gene-containing plasmid. (tmu.edu.tw)
Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)

Zhu has previously been able to create and copy mirror DNA using mirror versions of enzymes called polymerases, which contain D -amino acids rather than the L -amino acids typically found in normal proteins. (acs.org)

Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
The prin2.2 and csp41b-2 single mutants displayed pale phenotypes, abnormal chloroplasts with reduced transcript levels of photosynthesis genes and defects in embryo development. (frontiersin.org)

Much like how primers are designed such that there is a forward primer and a reverse primer capable of allowing DNA polymerase to fill the entire template sequence, PCA uses the same technology but with multiple oligonucleotides. (wikipedia.org)

DNA polymerases I, II and III have 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and they can remove incorrectly newly incorporated nucleotides. (tocris.com)
It has 5´ → 3´ polymerase and double-strand specific 5´ → 3´ exonuclease activity, but lacks 3´ → 5´ exonuclease activity (1). (neb.com)
Bst DNA Polymerase does not exhibit 3´→ 5´ exonuclease activity. (neb.com)

It is also synthesized efficiently in vitro by RNA polymerase II in the nuclear extracts prepared from a Hela cell line and an erythroleukemia cell line, K562. (tmu.edu.tw)

Here, we present a crystal structure of a precatalytic complex of a DNA polymerase with bound substrates that include the primer 3'-OH and catalytic Mg2+. (rcsb.org)
Comparison with two new structures of DNA polymerase beta lacking the 3'-OH or catalytic Mg2+ is described. (rcsb.org)

Each primer is extended from its 3′ end by DNA polymerase I to form an Okazaki fragment, as shown in the Figure. (blogspot.com)

The gene encoding these proteins is FANCM . (medscape.com)

A slight but statistically significant up-regulation of three ECM genes was observed. (thieme-connect.com)

Long term clinical outcome was obtained and the rates of major adverse cardiac events (death, non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and revascularisation) were compared according to the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene. (bmj.com)
The ACE I/D polymorphism does not influence the long term prognosis of patients with coronary disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention, and screening patients for this gene polymorphism is not useful for secondary prevention strategies. (bmj.com)
A polymorphism (TaqI) in the 3' untranslated region of the dopamine receptor gene (DRD2), later localized to the neighboring ANKK1 gene, has been previously linked to cigarette smoking. (who.int)
The aim of this paper was to analyze the presence of polymorphism in the promoter region T/C950 of the osteoprotegerin gene and its distribution in diabetic patients with periodontitis, when compared to the control group. (bvsalud.org)

Homozygous inactivation of this gene causes embryonic lethality and extensive developmental defects in inbred strains. (jax.org)

Reference: Mutations in the gene 5 DNA polymerase of bacteriophage T7 suppress the dominant lethal phenotype of gene 2.5 ssDNA binding protein lacking the C-terminal phenylalanine. (neb.com)

Nível de mRNA para genes de interesse foram determinados por qRT-PCR. (usp.br)
Polimorfismos no gene da osteoprotegerina foram encontrados na posição -950T/C da região promotora, porém sem significância estatística (p=1,000). (bvsalud.org)

These structures show Pfu DNA polymerase in its natural (left) and mirror-image (right) forms. (acs.org)

A multiplicity of factors contributes to selective RNA polymerase III occupancy of a subset of RNA polymerase III genes in mouse liver. (unil.ch)

Functional annotation clustering of the microarray data showed that gene clusters involved in immune and antiviral responses ranked highly, involving genes such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 ( CCL2 ), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 ( CCL5 ), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 ( CXCL10 ), and toll like receptor 3 ( TLR3 ). (molvis.org)

Sofosbuvir is an inhibitor of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent polymerase. (medscape.com)

To identify key genes differentially expressed in the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) following low-level West Nile virus (WNV) infection. (molvis.org)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Recall that the replisome contains a DNA polymerase III holoenzyme dimer with two core complexes that can catalyze polymerization. (blogspot.com)

Screening for suppressors of dominant lethal mutations of essential genes is challenging as the phenotype prevents propagation. (neb.com)
The suppressor mutations in gene 5 are necessary and sufficient to suppress the lethal phenotype of gp2.5 lacking the C-terminal phenylalanine. (neb.com)

a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)

DNA polymerases catalyze chain elongation exclusively in the 5′ → 3′ direction. (blogspot.com)

c-Myc coordinates cell growth and division through a transcriptional programme that involves both RNA polymerase (Pol) II- and Pol III-transcribed genes. (fhcrc.org)

Anatomy9

Organisms18

Chemicals and Drugs121

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care4

Chain reaction16

Subunit8

RRNA genes4

Transcription4

Expression28

Enzyme6

Quantitative1

Genome2

Genetic2

Inhibitors1

RdRp5

Synthesis6

Mutation5

Species1

Specificity3

Kinase1

Replication2

Metabolism1

Genomes1

Upstream2

Enzymes1

Phenotypes2

Primers1

Exonuclease activity3

Vitro1

Catalytic2

Fragment1

Proteins1

Regulation1

Polymorphism4

Embryonic1

Bacteriophage1

Foram2

Structures1

Selective1

Antiviral1

Inhibitor1

Human1

Complexes1

Phenotype2

Nuclear1

Catalyze1

Transcriptional1