• As drug loading generally takes place in an organic solvent, this work serves to provide insight into the factors controlling the early steps of that process. (ibm.com)
  • Here is a non-exhaustive list of substances that research have found advantages in favor of being qualified as green solvents, based on their production method, or the raw materials from which they are produced: Water is not an organic solvent because it contains no carbon atoms, and it is the first green solvent that comes to mind when thinking of solvent-solute mixtures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods have been developed to extract 1,4-dioxane from the aqueous phase using solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by desorption with an organic solvent, heated purge-and-trap with salting out, azeotropic distillation, and continuous LLE. (cdc.gov)
  • Table 1 lists common sources of organic solvent exposures. (medscape.com)
  • Above average growth in consumer oriented markets such as cleaning products and cosmetics and toiletries will stimulate demand for 'green' solvents, particularly butanediol derivatives, terpenes, and alcohols. (polymerspaintcolourjournal.com)
  • Demand growth for green solvents will significantly outpace that for conventional types, rising nearly four times faster than conventional solvents. (polymerspaintcolourjournal.com)
  • The rising use of green solvents, especially in cleaning products and cosmetics and toiletries, will reflect increasing consumer demand for environmentally friendly products. (polymerspaintcolourjournal.com)
  • Whereas regular solvents are easily classified in two categories being polar and nonpolar, it is much harder to do so for green solvents as their chemical structure and source can differ a lot. (wikipedia.org)
  • In fact, green solvents are established from trials and errors in search for substitutes of existing hazardous solvents. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study aimed to investigate the application of two NADES, namely, betaine:triethylene glycol (Bet : TEG) and choline chloride:1,2-propanediol (Chol : Prop), as sustainable green solvents for the extraction of polyphenols from spent coffee ground (SCG), a by-product of coffee processing. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent advances in modeling green solvents. (mpg.de)
  • Liquid polysulfide polymers are soluble in solvents like benzene, toluene, and dichlorethane, and are partially soluble in aliphatic esters and ketones. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • We present an all-atom molecular dynamics study of the effect of a range of organic solvents (dichloromethane, diethyl ether, toluene, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran) on the conformations of a nanogel star polymeric nanoparticle with solvophobic and solvophilic structural elements. (ibm.com)
  • Our findings suggest that when used in the drug-loading process, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene allow for a more extensive and increased drug-loading into the interior of nanogel star polymers of the composition studied here. (ibm.com)
  • Ethyl lactate has replaced solvents such as toluene, acetone, and xylene, resulting in a much safer workplace. (wikipedia.org)
  • The high-performing toluene (TOL)- and o-xylene (XY)-processed blend films displayed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of ~4%, which contained nanoscopically networked fibrous PNDI2OD-T2 polymer domains. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Organic solvents recognized as neurotoxins include n-hexane, tetrachloroethylene, and toluene. (cdc.gov)
  • The polymerizations were evaluated in different solvents, including toluene, EtOAc, γ-valerolactone, 2-MeTHF, and DMSO to identify the most suitable conditions. (lu.se)
  • Neurophysiologic, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging diagnostic tools have been used to evaluate individuals and groups exposed to organic solvents. (medscape.com)
  • In 1987, NIOSH reported that 9.8 million workers were exposed to organic solvents in occupational settings. (medscape.com)
  • Millions of U.S. workers are exposed to organic solvents. (cdc.gov)
  • Polymerization of mentioned monomers to polysulfide polymers takes place in environmentally friendly water-based dispersion under the conditions of an emulsion polymerization according to the scheme in Figure 1. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • which were developed as a more environmentally friendly solvents, or biosolvents, derived from the processing of agricultural crops, an alternative to petrochemical solvents. (wikipedia.org)
  • Is healthier, safer and a much more environmentally friendly alternative to solvents. (chymeragroup.com)
  • Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are a green and nontoxic attractive alternative to hydroalcoholic extraction. (frontiersin.org)
  • Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) emerge as an alternative ecofriendly extraction method. (frontiersin.org)
  • At present research areas in the group include self-assembly in deep eutectic solvents, the impact of solvent structures on solvation and nanoparticle growth, gels and emulsions prepared using partially oxidised cellulose nanofibrils and their interactions with other biopolymers, novel bio-derived surfactants, mesoporous inorganic materials and polymer-stabilised lipid nanodiscs for membrane protein supports. (lu.se)
  • In this work, the alignment of cylinder-forming triblock polymers was accomplished through raster solvent vapor annealing with soft shear (RSVA-SS). (confex.com)
  • The latter result has implications for the dynamics of ring-linear polymer mixtures. (canada.ca)
  • Thin films of polymer mixtures made by spin-coating can phase separate in two ways: by forming lateral domains, or by separating into distinct layers. (epj.org)
  • They were prepared with mixtures of acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 50/50%v/v, for IIP-A/D and 2-methoxyethanol and DMSO, 50/50%v/v, for IIP-M/D. The structure and properties of these polymers were compared with those of IIP-D previously prepared with pure DMSO as porogen solvent. (edu.lb)
  • However, most occupational exposures involved solvent mixtures. (medscape.com)
  • The predominant monomer in the manufacture of liquid polysulfide polymers is Bis-(2-chloroethyl-) formal (diformal) and sodium-polysulfide (Na 2 Sx) with a sulfur x-rank of 2.4 to 2.6. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • It was found that a highly aligned polymer could be obtained by polymerizing a liquid crystalline monomer in a heated liquid crystal solvent. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The anisotropy in the polymer alignment was three times greater than that of a nematic-phase monomer or polymer. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The printing plate manufacturing process used a photographic system and the photoprepolymer, Y-Polymer, which contains a urethane based polyene, a methacrylate monomer, a photoinitiator, and a polythiol as its major components. (cdc.gov)
  • abstract = "We show that the electrical properties of polymer thin-film transistors (PTFTs) can be enhanced by controlling the solvent properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) solution used as the inkjet-printed source and drain electrodes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Polymer brush layers are responsive materials that swell in contact with good solvents and their vapors. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP) is added during the polymer synthesis to control the degree of branching of the polymer backbone. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • During synthesis of polysulfide polymers, crosslinked polymer latex with a molecular weight of approximately 300,000 g/mol is formed. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • Chlorine is also used widely as a chemical reagent in the synthesis and manufacture of metallic chlorides, chlorinated solvents, pesticides, polymers, synthetic rubbers, and refrigerants. (cdc.gov)
  • We have studied the correlation between the morphology of PTB7-Th:PNDI2OD-T2 blend films prepared using six different processing solvents. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • At low concentrations ( "dilute" ) the polymer coils are not touching so the viscosity is almost unchanged from the pure solvent. (stevenabbott.co.uk)
  • Micrometer size, spherical polymer capsules with a core-shell morphology were fabricated. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • This work highlights that APSCs processed from benign nonhalogenated solvents with appropriate additives can outperform APSCs processed from toxic halogenated solvents by affording a favorable blend morphology and that 3D TEMT imaging is a powerful and essential tool for characterizing the true morphology of photoactive layers. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • One-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers (CPs) featuring three different topologies, comprising zig-zag, ribbon-like and poly-[n]-catenane structures, were obtained by reaction of Hg(II) ions with a novel bispidine ligand L3, and structurally characterized by SC- and P-XRD methods. (unifi.it)
  • We demonstrate that, by controlling the evaporation rate during the spin-coating process, we can obtain either self-stratification or lateral phase separation in the same system, and we relate this to a previously hypothesised mechanism for phase separation during spin-coating in thin films, according to which a transient wetting layer breaks up due to a Marangoni-type instability driven by a concentration gradient of solvent within the drying film. (epj.org)
  • To solve these problems, in this work, microencapsulation of MO using different biopolymers as cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), ethyl cellulose (EC), and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) were carried out by a simple solvent evaporation technique. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • The spherical biopolymer capsules were formed to a micrometer size after solvent evaporation under all conditions. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Chaiyasat P, Pholsrimuang P, Boontung W, Chaiyasat A. Influence of poly(l-lactic acid) molecular weight on the encapsulation efficiency of urea in microcapsule using a simple solvent evaporation technique. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • By controlling the conditions of solvent evaporation, controlled pores are formed in the resulting polymer sheet (membrane). (cdc.gov)
  • USA solvents demand will continue to rebound from its recessionary lows, rising 1.5%/yr in volume terms through 2016 to 10.9bn lbs. (polymerspaintcolourjournal.com)
  • Previous NIOSH studies of industrial chemical exposures (IARC 2018), insecticides and herbicides (IARC 2017), solvents (IARC 2016), and diesel exhaust (IARC 2013) have also been vital in recent reviews of carcinogenic agents conducted by IARC. (cdc.gov)
  • VICTREX PEEK is solvent-free, which also eliminates the need for hazardous solvents typically associated with wire enamels - another aspect to consider in moving towards more sustainable electric machines. (victrex.com)
  • We use solvents to dissolve the polymers, which then allows us to easily stir in additives or other materials. (rheothing.com)
  • The solvent in nail polish will dissolve and soften polymer clay over time, causing it to become gooey and sticky. (sculpey.com)
  • It recognized the need of "green chemistry" and "green solvent" for a more sustainable chemistry in the future. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is the cheapest and most abundant solvent for a large range of reactions and processes in industrial chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is known that acetone and other solvents can actually promote carcinogens and other toxic chemicals being absorbed through the skin causing damage to various organs and nervous system. (chymeragroup.com)
  • The higher charge trapping was compensated by the lower bimolecular recombination and therefore cells fabricated with anisole solvent delivered comparable photovoltaic performance to reference to cells processed with chlorobenzene (CB). (syr.edu)
  • Advancing the photovoltaic performance of all-polymer solar cells (APSCs) requires a comprehensive understanding of the dependence of the properties of photoactive blend films on the solvents used to process them. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • The inventors created high-molecular-weight rubbers with outstanding chemical resistance against solvents, gasoline, ultraviolet (UV) light and ozone. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • The molecular weight of different polysulfide polymers grades ranges from 1,000 to approximately 7,000 g/mol. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • Lower-molecular-weight polymers are used as reactive diluents in classical sealant applications and as modifier polymer and curing partner to epoxy resins improving the flexibility of the resulting adhesive. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • The most common grades of polysulfide polymers have molecular weights of 2,000-7,000 g/mol and are widely used in highly flexible sealants in insulating glass, as well as construction and aerospace applications. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • In subsequent steps, the high-molecular-weight solid polysulfide polymer latex gets chemically reduced to the required chain length, molecular weight and SH-content of the targeted liquid polysulfide polymer by using reductive splitting agents such as Na 2 SO 3 , Na 2 S 2 O 4 and NaSH (see Figure 2). (adhesivesmag.com)
  • The polymers have been commercialized in a range of different viscosities, molecular weights, sulfhydryl (SH) contents and branching (see Table 1). (adhesivesmag.com)
  • Due to the highly reactive thiol end-groups, polysulfide polymers react under the influence of oxidizing agents, epoxies, isocyanates or acrylates by forming highly elastic and rubber-like high-molecular-weight macromolecules without significant physical shrinking. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • The sizes and structures of isolated functionalised polymers in a hydrocarbon solvent are studied using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and Monte Carlo simulations of coarse-grained chains. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Molecular compounds from crystallisable polymers, particularly from synthetic polymers, are receiving growing interest due to their potential application in the making of new materials such as multiporous membranes capable of capturing large particles as well as small pollutant molecules. (123library.org)
  • Polymer-Solvent Molecular Compounds gives a detailed description of these promising systems. (123library.org)
  • The second chapter is devoted to biopolymers, the first polymers known to produce molecular compounds, chiefly with water. (123library.org)
  • Multiple Linear Regression Modeling To Predict the Stability of Polymer-Drug Solid Dispersions: Comparison of the Effects of Polymers and Manufacturing Methods on Solid Dispersion Stability MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Varían en consistencia de líquidos a sólidos, dependiendo de su peso molecular, indicado por un número a continuación del nombre. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Moers site, on the Lower Rhine, produces oxygenated solvents isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and secondary butyl alcohol (SBA), which is upgraded into methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). (polymerspaintcolourjournal.com)
  • DCM is used primarily as a solvent in paint removers, degreasers, aerosol products and the manufacture of foam polymers. (who.int)
  • In response to a request from Local 600 of the Graphic Communications International Union an evaluation was made of exposures to Y-Polymer in the photoengraving department at the Boston Herald (SIC-2753), located in Boston Massachusetts. (cdc.gov)
  • These formulae tell us the obvious: more monomers, N, longer chain segments, b, less and less freedom to curl back on itself (lower θ down to 0°) and a greater happiness in the solvent means a larger blob of polymer in solution. (stevenabbott.co.uk)
  • Dispersed sulfur is chemically added to the polymer, generating S3 or S4 structures, and then receives part of the polymer backbone. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • The insertion of rigid aliphatic or aromatic building blocks in polymer structures is an efficient synthetic strategy towards high- T g polymer materials. (lu.se)
  • We use self-assembly, driven by interactions between nanoscopic species (micelles, nanoparticles, polymers) in solution and at interfaces to form materials with organized structures from nm to cm. (lu.se)
  • Most POPs are pesticides or insecticides , and some are also solvents , pharmaceuticals , and industrial chemicals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The amount of polymer is φ 2 . (stevenabbott.co.uk)
  • However, polymer aggregation resulted in lower bimolecular recombination due to a decreased amount of polymer-PCBM interface as seen in transient photocurrent/photovoltage measurements. (syr.edu)
  • However, when the microcapsules were dried, aggregation was found with the polymer microcapsules at a ratio of PLLA to MO of 50:50 for all three types of polymers, possibly due to the low amount of polymer to completely encapsulate all of MO. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Ethyl lactate, made from lactic acid obtained from corn starch, is notably used as a mixture with other solvents in some paint strippers and cleaners. (wikipedia.org)
  • Normally to process nanocellulose, solvents or other dispersants are usually added to the mixture to improve the material's dispersion in polymers. (rdworldonline.com)
  • The Purdue innovators created a method that involves mixing the nanocellulose in additives for the polymer material, such as plasticizer, and then compounding that mixture into the polymer instead of directly mixing them. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Homogenous mixture of hydrophilic nanocellulose and hydrophobic polymer. (rdworldonline.com)
  • The preparation and characterization of a novel hybrid material based on the combination of a 2D-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets and a 1D-coordination polymer (1D-CP) has been achieved through a simple mixture of suspensions of both building blocks via an exfoliation/restacking approach. (mdpi.com)
  • NC membranes are manufactured by dissolving cellulose nitrate or a mixture of cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate in a solvent and casting the resulting 'honey-consistency' solution on an endless steel belt. (cdc.gov)
  • The third chapter deals with synthetic polymers where compound formation is either due to hydrogen-bonding or to electrostatic interactions. (123library.org)
  • Synthetic control of structural order in N -alkylthieno 3,4- c pyrrole-4,6-dione-based polymers for efficient solar cells. (nature.com)
  • The resulting polymer has an aliphatic polymer backbone structure with low-temperature flexibility down to approximately -55°C. In addition, it provides chemical resistance to solvents, oils, fuels, and bases of all commercially available polymers due to its high sulfur content. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • Conventional extraction techniques are usually based on highly pollutant and/or flammable organic solvents. (frontiersin.org)
  • We present here the results of neutron and X-ray reflectivity studies on the effects of solvent flow on the height and density profile of polymer chains chemically end-tethered to a surface. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This large enhancement was attributed to the formation of the better-interconnected narrower crystalline fibrillary structure of PNDI2OD-T2 chains with the aid of solvent additives, as clearly elucidated by 3D-TEMT imaging. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol (EtOH) to stimulate polyurethane-based SMP foam actuation and the required solvent concentrations in water for rapid actuation of hydrophobic SMP foams. (syr.edu)
  • In this study, a relatively nontoxic single solvent, anisole, was successfully used to process polymer solar cells. (syr.edu)
  • Solvent exposure has been investigated to trigger actuation of shape memory polymers (SMPs) as an alternative to direct heating. (syr.edu)
  • The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to organic solvents. (cdc.gov)
  • We deposit drops of an almost completely wetting volatile oil onto an oleophilic polymer brush layer and follow the response of the system upon simultaneous exposure to both liquid and vapor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Occupation exposure occurs through its use as a degreaser, paint remover, aerosol propellant, blowing agent for polymer foam, and as a solvent in the textile industry, photographic film production (cellulose triacetate). (who.int)
  • This work indicates that ternary blend solar cells have the potential to surpass high-performance binary polymer solar cells after further device engineering and optimization. (nature.com)
  • Plasticizers, such as different phthalates, benzoates or chlorinated paraffins, are chemically compatible with liquid polysulfide polymers. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • A strong rebound in construction activity will drive strong increases in solvent demand in the construction and paints and coatings markets. (polymerspaintcolourjournal.com)
  • In particular, the need to meet volatile organic compound (VOC) regulations has benefited demand for glycol solvents in the paints and coatings. (polymerspaintcolourjournal.com)
  • However, traditional solvent-based anti corrosion paints remain the most used today. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isobutanol and tert-butanol are used as solvents in paints. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is also the case with most paints in spray cans, solvent-based paints and varnishes, as they will either remain sticky or degrade your clay. (sculpey.com)
  • Organic solvents can be carcinogens, reproductive hazards, and neurotoxins. (cdc.gov)
  • We created a way to use the additives that are normally in polymers as the 'solvent' to disperse the nanocellulose during melt processing," Youngblood said. (rdworldonline.com)
  • The nanoscale self-assembly of block polymers (BP) has spurred interest for the generation of nanopattern arrays essential to advanced nanotechnologies. (confex.com)
  • The CPs obtained in the form of microcrystalline powders were tested for their ability to undergo solvent adsorption and exchange by P-XRD and H-1 NMR spectroscopy. (unifi.it)
  • At least some of the components of Y-Polymer were present as vapors in the workroom air. (cdc.gov)
  • The availability of the building blocks combined with the high stability of the polymers make these materials attractive for use as high-performance plastics and coatings. (lu.se)
  • These methods can be very expensive for manufacturers, who must add additional processes and machinery to comply with emission standards that may be impacted by the use of the solvents," said Jeffrey Youngblood, a professor of materials engineering in Purdue's College of Engineering . (rdworldonline.com)
  • polymer materials. (lu.se)
  • They are characterized by solvent and chemical resistance, great electrical properties, low-temperature flexibility, oxygen and ozone resistance, high impermeability to many gases and moisture, good adhesion properties, and flex-crack resistance. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • Chemical processors looking to comply with VOC regulations are increasingly turning toward butanediol and its derivatives to lower VOC content while continuing to use solvents. (polymerspaintcolourjournal.com)
  • Water is a polar protic solvent thanks to its chemical structure, non-toxic and renewable. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zig-zag CPs proved to be resilient to external chemical stimuli, while they differently respond to thermal treatments, depending on the solvent originally included within the CP. (unifi.it)
  • As one of the highest-performing polymers in the world , PEEK also gets increasing attention in e-motor applications such as bus bars, rotor sleeves due to its thermal, electrical and mechanical properties and chemical resistance. (victrex.com)
  • Organic solvents are a chemical class of compounds that are used routinely in commercial industries. (medscape.com)
  • If you work in an industry that uses organic solvents, please read chemical labels and the accompanying Safety Data Sheets for hazard information. (cdc.gov)
  • At a critical volume fraction, φ* , the coils are touching each other so above this concentration ( "semidilute" ) the viscosity is increasingly strongly affected by the polymer. (stevenabbott.co.uk)
  • Influence of different mixing ratio of polysulfide polymers to MnO 2 -based curative part: Shore A hardness, pot life and tack-free time. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • The prepared polymer microcapsule suspensions were highly colloidal stable for all types of biopolymers and ratios. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Then, all three biopolymers can be used for the microencapsulation of MO at a suitable polymer to MO ratio. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • The latter situation (self-stratification or vertical phase separation) could be advantageous in a number of practical applications, such as polymer optoelectronics. (epj.org)
  • The polymers exhibited high glass transition temperatures ( T g s) in a broad range, from 80 to 168 °C, and were thermally stable up to 268 °C. Furthermore, dynamic rheology experiments indicated that the polymers were sufficiently stable for melt processing. (lu.se)
  • Organic solvents are carbon-based substances capable of dissolving or dispersing one or more other substances. (cdc.gov)
  • These low- to high-viscosity polymers have highly reactive terminal thiol or epoxy groups and are widely used as sealants for insulating glass windows, sealants in construction, sealants for aircraft fuel tanks and fuselages, epoxy modifiers, or intumescent protective coatings. (adhesivesmag.com)
  • Polymer aggregation led to isolated regions that can trap charges in the polymer phase in anisole-based cells, supported by photo-charge extraction by the linearly increasing voltage (photo-CELIV) technique. (syr.edu)