• The resulting acetyl-CoA is carboxylated to yield malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Two metabolic enzymes, fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), which being involved in the de novo synthesis of fatty acid were found to be up-regulated in breast cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Then, Acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are coupled to the acyl-carrier protein domain of the rate-limiting enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Initially, citrate is converted to acetyl-CoA by ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • ELOVLs are located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and catalyze FA elongation via the condensation of a malonyl-CoA to an acyl-CoA molecule to yield 3-ketoacyl-CoA, which is the first rate limiting step in the elongation cycle of FAs [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Then, 3-ketoacyl-CoA is reduced and dehydrated to produce trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which is finally reduced to form the elongated acyl-CoA. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • The two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA is transferred to the four-carbon compound of oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound of citrate. (easyomics.org)
  • They have been hypothesised to perform a proofreading function by removing acyl chains from stalled sites. (worktribe.com)
  • Our research involves a combination of molecular biology, protein biochemistry, organic synthesis and structural studies and provides a strong training for students interested in understanding the organic chemistry of living systems and in pursuing careers in biotechnology, drug design or academia. (tamu.edu)
  • As an example of one of the complex transformations on this pathway, the figure below shows the structure of the pyrimidine synthase catalyzing the complex rearrangement of aminoimidazole ribotide (left) to the thiamin pyrimidine (right). (tamu.edu)
  • In this study, we confirmed that both GrmH and GrmL, which were shown to constitute a protein complex by a co-purification experiment, were required to catalyze the dehydration, epimerization, and proteolytic cleavage of a precursor peptide GrmA by in vivo experiments. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Clear preference towards short, linear acyl-ACPs is shown, with acetyl-ACP the best substrate. (worktribe.com)
  • These results imply a more targeted housekeeping role for PedC: namely the removal of unwanted acetyl groups from ACP domains caused by erroneous transfer of acetyl-CoA, or possibly by decarboxylation of malonyl-ACP. (worktribe.com)
  • Thiamin pyrophosphate plays a key role in the stabilization of the acyl carbanion synthon in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. (tamu.edu)
  • N-Formimidoylation/-iminoacetylation modification in aminoglycosides requires FAD-dependent and ligand-protein NOS bridge dual chemistry. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Polyketide synthases (PKSs) use chemistry similar to fatty acid synthases (FASs), although building block variation and differing extents of reduction of the growing polyketide chain underlie their biosynthetic versatility. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, we also tested the deletion of two potential medium-chain acyl-CoA depleting reactions catalyzed by the thioesterase Tes1 and the medium-chain fatty acyl CoA synthase Faa2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • protein_coding" "Cz03g11040.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","Ribosomal protein/NADH dehydrogenase domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Then, we tested different enzymes for the subsequent pathway reactions: the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase PaaH1 increased hexanoic acid production to 33 mg/L, and the expression of enoyl-CoA hydratases Crt2 or Ech was critical to producing octanoic acid, reaching titers of 40 mg/L in both cases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) identified as one of the insolubilized proteins increased at MB35 and MB40 than non-treatment but disappeared at MB45 and MB50, and T80. (bvsalud.org)
  • MATs play a key role transferring precursor CoA thioesters from solution onto FASs and PKSs for chain elongation. (nih.gov)
  • In all cases, Ter from Treponema denticola was the preferred trans-enoyl-CoA reductase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To clarify the relationship between irreversible inactivation and intracellular protein denaturation of Saccharomyces pastorianus by low-pressure carbon dioxide microbubbles (CO2 MB) treatment, a storage test of S. pastorianus cells treated with CO2 MB was performed, and the effect on the intracellular protein was investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, it was revealed that S. pastorianus cells inactivated below the detection level by CO2 MB treatment did not regrow and that the denaturation of intracellular proteins of S. pastorianus was caused by CO2 MB and thermal treatments. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also co-expressed a butyryl-CoA pathway variant to increase the butyryl-CoA pool and support the chain extension. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PcaA, MmaA4, Msh, Fad, Pim, PapA5 and MmpL7 proteins) participating in the biosynthesis of cell wall components with extremely tight and rigid structures are promising targets for new drugs against MTB, which can survive and grow in host macrophages via the aid of its strong cell wall. (medscape.com)
  • Peroxide stress protein YaaA [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Periplasmic binding protein [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Copper binding periplasmic protein CusF [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • HlyD membrane-fusion protein of T1SS, Barrel-sandwich domain of CusB or HlyD membrane-fusion [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Cyd operon protein YbgE (Cyd_oper_YbgE) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • EPSP synthase (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • YdfZ protein [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "Cz01g39150.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","RNA polymerase subunit RPB4/RPC9 [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74417","ogt","Escherichia coli","O-6-alkylguanine-DNA:cysteine-protein methyltransferase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73262","fhuC","Escherichia coli","iron(3+)-hydroxamate import ABC transporter ATPase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Identification of a starter unit acyl-carrier protein transacylase domain in an iterative type I polyketide synthase. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast to the well studied sequential modular type I PKSs, less is known about how the iterative type I PKSs carry out and control chain initiation, elongation, folding, and cyclization during polyketide processing. (nih.gov)
  • STREPTOMYCES, using type II polyketide synthase involving condensation of acetyl CoA and 9 malonyl-CoA. (nih.gov)
  • HN - 2024 BX - Aflatoxicosis BX - Aflatoxin Toxicity MH - AIRE Protein UI - D000096927 MN - D12.776.930.123 MS - A transcriptional regulator primarily expressed in medullary thymic epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • protein_coding" "AAC73829","ybgE","Escherichia coli","putative inner membrane protein in cydABX-ybgE operon [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA is transferred to the four-carbon compound of oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound of citrate. (easyomics.org)
  • Polyketides are a class of natural products that exhibit a wide range of functional and structural diversity. (nih.gov)
  • Predicted structure of this domain disclosed a region similar to malonyl-CoA:acyl-carrier protein (ACP) transacylases (MATs). (nih.gov)