• The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. (omicsonline.org)
  • The analysis of both the metagenome of the consortium and the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes show that the most abundant bacterial genus in the consortium, Acidocella , possess many of the genes required for the degradation of diesel fuel aromatic hydrocarbons, which are often the most toxic component. (springeropen.com)
  • Bioremediation by microorganisms is a cost-effective and environmental-friendly method for remediation of oil contamination from the environment which its success depends on microorganisms that are capable to remove of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. (ripi.ir)
  • Biochar can immobilize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). (univie.ac.at)
  • There are few examples of algae degrading aromatic compounds [ 5 , 6 ] examined the effects of the chlorophyte alga, Selenstrum capriconutum , on benzo pyrene. (omicsonline.org)
  • EI-Sheekh MM, Ghareib MM, EL-Souod GW A (2011) IBiodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria. (omicsonline.org)
  • These heme enzymes are found in most organisms from all biological kingdoms and catalyze various oxidative chemical transformations important for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, vitamins, signaling molecules, and many other compounds, as well as for the metabolism of xenobiotics. (schoolbag.info)
  • Petroleum-source and black carbon-source aromatic compounds are present in the cold seep environments, where ANaerobic MEthanotrophic (ANME) archaea as the dominant microbial community mediates the anaerobic oxidation of methane to produce inorganic and organic carbon. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results provide evidences for the capability of heterotrophic metabolism of aromatic compounds by ANME. (bvsalud.org)
  • IMPORTANCE ANaerobic MEthanotrophic (ANME) archaea is the dominant microbial community mediating the anaerobic oxidation of methane in the cold seep environments, where aromatic compounds are present. (bvsalud.org)
  • Acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, carbon compounds (excluding aromatic compounds). (itrcweb.org)
  • With respect to their functional roles in living organisms, cytochromes P450 can be separated tentatively into the enzymes essential for biosynthetic pathways and the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (1). (schoolbag.info)
  • Here, by predicting the aromatics catabolic pathways in ANME metagenome-assembled genomes, we provide genomic and biochemical evidences that ANME have the potential of metabolizing aromatics via the strategy of CoA activation of the benzene ring using phenylacetic acid and benzoate as the substrates. (bvsalud.org)
  • Benzene is an important organic compound with the chemical formula C6H6, and its molecule consists of a ring of 6 carbon atoms, each with 1 hydrogen atom. (chemenu.com)
  • Benzene is a sweet, flammable, colorless and transparent liquid with carcinogenic toxicity at room temperature, and has a strong aromatic odor. (chemenu.com)
  • The ring system of benzene is called benzene ring, and the structure after removing one hydrogen atom from the benzene ring is called phenyl. (chemenu.com)
  • Many important chemical intermediates can be derived from benzene through substitution reaction, addition reaction and benzene ring cleavage reaction. (chemenu.com)
  • Some enzymes may also bind simultaneously two or three substrate molecules, same or different, and various cases of the resulting activation or inhibition of the product turnover were documented both in vivo and in vitro (4, 7). (schoolbag.info)
  • Aromatic C-H bond functionalizations have gained considerable attention by organic chemists because of the strategic importance of this process as well as the ability to synthesize functionalized aromatic molecules in a straightforward way. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • The molecular structure of β-lactam antibiotics can be modified either to introduce another β-lactam ring (the pharmacophore conferring bactericidal activities to these molecules), or to add other pharmacophores that modify their pharmacological properties and spectrum of action. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This moiety is the mainly responsible for the antibacterial properties of all these molecules, due to their ability to block the bacterial cell wall synthesis as a result of their covalent binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential enzymes involved in the terminal steps of the synthesis of peptidoglycan, the main component of the bacterial cell wall [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Nowadays, organocatalysis is especially applied to asymmetric synthesis and a huge number of organocatalysts has been introduced in last three decades for the asymmetric synthesis of acyclic, carbocyclic, heterocyclic, and polycyclic molecular architectures with high molecular complexity. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Herewith the term "bond functionalization" is defined as the cleavage of an existing bond with substitution by another bond. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Preliminary details of the effects of substitution on the reactivity of the pyrrolidine ring are also reported. (cnrs.fr)
  • This resistance is caused by the development of many different "escape strategies", such as the alteration of the target, the development of pumps to export the antibiotics outside the microbial cell, and in particular for β-lactam antibiotics, the widespread diffusion of β-lactamases, enzymes able to inactivate their pharmacophoric core by hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The reaction is very selective, favoring the nitrogen atom of the pyrrolidine ring in preference to epoxidation of the fullerene cage. (cnrs.fr)
  • The aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction allows an efficient coupling of electron-rich aromatic systems with imines for the facile incorporation of aminoalkyl groups into the aromatic ring. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • The ease of a chemical transformation depends on the thermodynamic instability of a chemical bond owing to its fast cleavage under mild reaction conditions. (beilstein-journals.org)
  • Scendesmus obliques is able to utilize naphthalene sulphonic acids as a sulfur source for their biomass with releasing the carbon ring into the medium. (omicsonline.org)
  • Cytochromes P450 monooxygenases represent a large superfamily of heme enzymes, which require a dioxygen molecule and two electrons supplied by a NAD(P)H-dependent protein redox partner to form catalytically active high-valent ferryl-oxo intermediate. (schoolbag.info)
  • Cytochromes P450 represent a superfamily of heme enzymes with a common fold and mechanism that requires an atmospheric dioxygen molecule, two electrons from NAD(P)H, and one or two protons available from solvent water to form an active catalytic ferryl-oxo intermediate (1). (schoolbag.info)
  • Imidazoles interact in different ways with many therapeutic targets, enzymes and receptors in biological systems and thus exhibit a wide range of biological activities. (chemenu.com)
  • Moreover, an intermediate-enzyme adduct with a NOS-covalent linkage was observed in the later site, where it acts as a two-scissile-bond linkage facilitating nucleophilic addition and cofactor-free decarboxylation. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • The chain length of nucleophilic acceptors vies with bond cleavage sites at either N-O or O-S accounting for N-formimidoylation or N-iminoacetylation. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Here, we report a noncanonical FAD-dependent enzyme Orf1 that adds a glycine-derived N-formimidoyl group to glycinothricin to form the antibiotic BD-12. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Bromine and chlorine add to alkenes via three-membered-ring bromonium ion or chloronium ion intermediates to give addition products having anti stereochemistry . (openstax.org)
  • Specific activities of Catechol-2,3-dioxygenase and effects of temperature and pH and their stabilities on the enzyme relative activities were observed. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • The 1H NMR shows an AB quartet splitting pattern, characteristic of nonequivalent hydrogens in the pyrrolidine ring and at a chemical shift displacement of 0.8 ppm downfield. (cnrs.fr)
  • This occurs with aflatoxin B, aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dihydrodiols. (studypurpose.com)
  • 2012), 84 black polyamide cooking utensils (e.g., spatulas, slotted spoons) purchased from various retail locations were analyzed for release of primary aromatic amines, including 3,3′-DMB, during a simulated use scenario. (gc.ca)
  • The authors indicated that primary aromatic amines leached from these utensils, under these test conditions, primarily due to incomplete polymerization. (gc.ca)
  • the enzymes from various bacteria had different electrophoretic mobilities. (nih.gov)
  • The sulfonamides and Trimethoprim are inhibitors of the bacterial enzymes required for the synthesis of tetrahydofolic acid (THF). (microrao.com)
  • Lignin has an aromatic and amorphous nature constituting 18-35% of plant biomass. (springeropen.com)
  • 13094180 meta-cleavage compound hydrolase [Pseudomonas sp. (inrae.fr)
  • More importantly, bacterial richness, bacterial diversity, soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolase), and microbial activity were enhanced by applying the BC-BE-nZVI composite, thus increasing the soil metabolic function. (bvsalud.org)
  • We were able to deduce that biodegradation of SNFC involves two steps: cleavage of CH 2 bridges and the degradation of the aromatic nuclei. (scialert.net)
  • Functional analysis of COX-2 by structure-guided mutagenesis has uncovered new strategies for synthesizing COX-2 inhibitors and has suggested new biological roles for the enzyme. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • These complexes lead to various types of DNA damage, including the formation of cross-links between the two helices, chemical bonds between adjacent bases, removal of DNA bases (hydration) and cleavage of the DNA strands, all of which result in modifications to the information stored within the DNA. (studypurpose.com)
  • However, little is known about the effect of coupling remediation on the soil biotoxicity, soil respiration, enzyme activity, microbial community structure, and microbial in the process of remediation. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2002). Aromatic sulfonates were well-studied because of their widespread impact on the environment and their potential health hazard on humans and wildlife. (scialert.net)
  • In humans this decarboxylation is achieved by the enzyme UMP synthase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Humans express 57 putatively functional enzymes with a variety of critical physiological roles. (studyres.com)
  • such epub Security in Emerging Wireless of the business of research commodities in impressive and collaborative aromatic elements from pp. and modification Lives. (xn--drpverein-rahe-vpb.de)
  • It binds to the peptidyl transferase enzyme to inhibit transfer of the growing polypeptide to the next amino acid, thereby inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. (microrao.com)
  • Their physiological significance includes modulation of enzyme activity, targeting to specific cellular compartments, and tagging for proteasomal degradation. (studyres.com)
  • The enzyme exhibited activity that was slightly more tolerant to alkaline pH. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Similar experiments are used to identify human DNA repair enzymes that remove specific forms of DNA damage. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • Specific activities of Catechol-2,3-dioxygenase and effects of temperature and pH and their stabilities on the enzyme relative activities were observed. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • In contrast to the purine nucleotides, the pyrimidine ring (orotidylic acid) that leads uracil is synthesized first and then linked to ribose phosphate, forming UMP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over 3,000 enzymes have been identified in nature. (studyres.com)
  • INTRODUCTION Background Information on P450 Since the introduction of modern molecular biology techniques allowing for the sequencing of entire genomes, researchers have identified and continue to discover many P450 enzymes in a wide variety of organisms. (studyres.com)
  • It is a ß-lactam structurally related to the penicillins and possesses the ability to inactivate a wide variety of ß-lactamases by blocking the active sites of these enzymes. (microrao.com)
  • In order to systematically identify and categorize this growing family of enzymes, a leading group of researchers in the field established the current system of nomenclature (Nelson et al. (studyres.com)