Poliovirus outbreak. Medical search. Frequent questions

Since the 2016 removal of type 2 strains from the OPV, vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks have occurred in communities that are immunologically naive to poliovirus type 2 and in areas with recent use of monovalent OPV. (who.int)
Wild poliovirus transmission continues in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks are ongoing in several countries across Africa and Asia. (emirates247.com)

In response to an outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) type 2 in the Philippines in 2019-2020, several rounds of supplementary immunization activities using the monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) were conducted for the first time in the Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
In case there is an outbreak, monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine is being stockpiled by WHO. (virology.ws)

During this period, there were 44 cVDPV outbreaks of the three serotypes affecting 37 countries. (cdc.gov)
One dose of OPV produces immunity to all three poliovirus serotypes in roughly 50% of recipients. (wikipedia.org)
Indeed, of the 3 serotypes of wild poliovirus (the causative agent of the disease), only type 1 remains in Afghanistan and Pakistan , the 2 countries where polio (i.e., wild poliovirus) is still endemic. (asm.org)
Inactivated and trivalent oral poliovirus vaccines contain either formalin- inactivated or live, attenuated poliovirus, respectively, of the three serotypes. (who.int)
Interference among the three attenuated poliovirus serotypes was minimized with a 'balanced- formulation' vaccine, and serologic responses after IPV were optimized by adjusting the antigenic content of each inactivated poliovirus serotype. (who.int)
For the first time since April of 1955, recipients of poliovirus vaccine will no longer receive all three serotypes. (virology.ws)
Of the three wild poliovirus serotypes, only one - the wild poliovirus type 1 - remains in circulation, and in Pakistan and Afghanistan. (thehindu.com)
Wild poliovirus is the most commonly known form of the poliovirus, with three serotypes 1, 2 and 3. (thehindu.com)

Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks* occur when transmission of Sabin strain poliovirus is prolonged in underimmunized populations, allowing viral genetic reversion to neurovirulence, resulting in cases of paralytic polio ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
tOPV is used if cVDPV2 co-circulates with WPV type 1, and bOPV is used for cVDPV type 1 (cVDPV1) or type 3 (cVDPV3) outbreaks ( 1 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
This report updates that of July 2019-February 2020 to describe global cVDPV outbreaks during January 2020-June 2021 (as of November 9, 2021) † ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
To prevent the emergence and further spread of cVDPV type 2, several interventions could be implemented including optimizing outbreak responses by using the monovalent type 2 OPV, accelerating the availability of the novel type 2 OPV, strengthening routine immunization using inactivated polio vaccine and eventually replacing OPV with inactivated poliovirus vaccine for routine immunization. (who.int)
Burundi has declared an outbreak of circulating poliovirus type 2 (CVDPV 2) after confirming eight polioviruses, the first such detection in more than three decades. (eagle.co.ug)
[2] However, the emergence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV), a form of the vaccine virus that has reverted to causing poliomyelitis, has led to the development of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) which aims to make the vaccine safer and thus stop further outbreaks of cVDPV2. (wikipedia.org)
Recent polio outbreaks in both endemic and non-endemic countries stem from poliovirus strains originally contained in OPV, called circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV) . (asm.org)
Unfortunately, cVDPV strains 'are a major challenge to accomplishing this goal,' as they promote community spread of poliovirus, which can only be combatted with OPV, thus perpetuating the cycle. (asm.org)
Of the 3 types of cVDPV, type 2 strains (cVDPV2) are responsible for over 90% of vaccine-associated outbreaks worldwide . (asm.org)
circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses , or cVDPV. (thehindu.com)
However, OPVs can revert to virulence, causing outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV). (bvsalud.org)

Title : Outbreak response strategies with type 2-containing oral poliovirus vaccines ☆ Personal Author(s) : Kalkowska, Dominika A.;Wassilak, Steven G.F.;Pallansch, Mark A.;Burns, Cara C.;Wiesen, Eric;Durry, Elias;Badizadegan, Kamran;Thompson, Kimberly M. (cdc.gov)
Discussion also centred on the role of inactivated poliovirus vaccines in the eradication program and the maintenance of a poliovirus-free world, whenever this goal should be achieved. (springer.com)
New combination vaccines should induce similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibody in serum for individual protection against paralytic disease and mucosal immunity that effectively decreases viral replication in the intestine and pharynx for population protection against transmission of poliovirus. (who.int)
But the tail end of the eradication efforts has been threatened by the very thing that made eradication programs a success: the vaccines themselves, which - in rare instances - can cause small outbreaks. (vox.com)
State health officials are responding to the outbreak with a strategy that assumes inactivated vaccines combined with hygiene measures will eventually stop transmission. (bmj.com)
During an outbreak response, mass vaccination campaigns involve multiple rounds where polio workers across the affected area administer vaccines to as many children as possible. (cdc.gov)
The use of safe and effective inactivated poliovirus vaccines and live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs) means that only two pockets of wild-type poliovirus type 1 remain, in Afghanistan and Pakistan. (bvsalud.org)

Medical professionals are also worried that disease outbreaks in one part of the world may quickly spread to other countries where such diseases were thought to be eliminated. (dailywire.com)
It also warned of the risk of disease outbreaks and transmission of wild poliovirus at the points where Afghans are entering the country. (texomashomepage.com)

These countries and Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe implemented up to six national and subnational supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) per country and strengthened poliovirus surveillance. (cdc.gov)
Efforts to further enhance poliovirus surveillance sensitivity, improve SIA quality, and strengthen routine immunization are needed to ensure that WPV1 transmission has been interrupted within 12 months of the first case, thereby preserving the WHO African Region's WPV-free status. (cdc.gov)
We describe the emergence of vaccine-derived poliovirus unrelated to the outbreak detected after supplementary immunization activities using the monovalent type 2 OPV. (who.int)
Since the institution of an all-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) policy in the routine immunization schedule, the number of vaccine-associated cases has significantly decreased. (medscape.com)
Children in the difficult terrains and security compromised areas are not given the required immunization services to build their immunity against infectious diseases like the poliovirus. (immunologyresearchjournal.com)
Other response activities were undertaken to supplement the immunization in controlling the outbreak. (immunologyresearchjournal.com)
The ease of administration (all it takes is plopping a few drops of OPV into a child's mouth), affordability and ability to stop community spread of polio have made OPV indispensable to mass immunization and outbreak control campaigns. (asm.org)
These vaccine-derived polioviruses also cause new outbreaks in communities that have spotty immunization coverage and poor sanitation. (vox.com)
These improvements are encouraging, but in order to stop circulation during an outbreak, we need to reach at least 80 percent immunization coverage and reach as many children as possible who were not yet vaccinated in the campaigns. (cdc.gov)
Widespread immunization can stop the spread of both types of polio outbreaks, and travelers to certain countries may need to show proof of adequate vaccination. (msdmanuals.com)

When there's a polio outbreak, our goal is to respond swiftly to reach children with vaccination and stop further spread of the virus. (polioeradication.org)
Mozambique recently carried out two mass vaccination campaigns - in response to the Malawi outbreak - in which 4.2 million children were vaccinated against the disease. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
understand the history of polio in the U.S. and globally, describe polioviruses, understand the incubation period and transmission of poliovirus, and understand the impact of polio vaccination and the different types of vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Further vaccination campaigns will be conducted in the near future to ensure this outbreak is brought completely under control, according to the health ministry. (cnn.com)
they are capable of regaining virulence and transmissibility and causing outbreaks in populations with low vaccination rates. (cdc.gov)
Since then, substantial progress has been made in vaccination and surveillance and, by the end of the year, 19 of the 23 EMR countries are expected to have interrupted poliovirus transmission. (cdc.gov)
Iran and Tunisia conducted targeted subnational campaigns in provinces at risk for poliovirus importation and/or with suboptimal vaccination coverage, and NIDs have not been considered necessary in Cyprus. (cdc.gov)
Interruption of person-to-person transmission of the virus by vaccination is important in global polio eradication , [15] since no long-term carrier state exists for poliovirus in individuals with normal immune function, polio viruses have no non-primate reservoir in nature, [16] and survival of the virus in the environment for an extended period of time appears to be remote. (wikipedia.org)
Defining surrogate serologic tests with respect to predicting protective vaccine efficacy: Poliovirus vaccination. (who.int)
WHO officials say the outbreak, involving a variety of the virus called type 2 polio, illustrates that vaccination campaigns in the area are failing to reach sufficient numbers of people. (wgbh.org)
But even vaccination itself can sometimes lead to an outbreak. (iflscience.com)
High quality, mass vaccination campaigns are the most effective way to stop an outbreak and protect children from further spread of poliovirus. (cdc.gov)
Since polio primarily affects children under age five, the ultimate goal of vaccination campaigns is to reach 100 percent of children under five with four doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). (cdc.gov)
As of mid-October 2022, Malawi has conducted four rounds of a nationwide vaccination campaign since the outbreak response began in February this year. (cdc.gov)
Due to the pause in vaccination campaigns as well as disruptions in essential immunisation services, polio outbreaks have not been contained effectively, and the virus is now spreading to new regions. (unicef.org)
Today, because of extensive vaccination, polio outbreaks have largely disappeared. (msdmanuals.com)
The Pan American Health Organization has warned that Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Peru are at very high risk for the reintroduction of poliovirus and an additional eight countries in Latin America are at high risk, following dropping vaccination rates (average 80% coverage in 2022). (bvsalud.org)

Although no cases of paralytic WPV1 infection have been reported in Malawi since November 2021 or in Mozambique since August 2022, undetected transmission might be ongoing because of poliovirus surveillance gaps and testing delays. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection , B-cell disfunction, immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency, or severe combined immunodeficiency , are particularly at high risk of developing poliomyelitis when exposed to both wild-type polioviruses and vaccine-attenuated viruses present in the oral poliovirus vaccine. (medscape.com)
No cases of wild-type poliovirus infection have been reported in the United States since 1979. (medscape.com)
An explanation of how stool samples are transported over such a distance starts with why: monitoring children under 15 years of age for signs of AFP, which is the most common sign of poliovirus infection. (polioeradication.org)
Circulating poliovirus type 2 infection can occur when the weakened strain of the virus contained in the oral polio vaccine circulates among under-immunized populations for long periods. (eagle.co.ug)
OPV produces excellent immunity in the intestine , the primary site of wild poliovirus entry, which helps prevent infection with wild virus in areas where the virus is endemic . (wikipedia.org)
After oral administration of poliovirus vaccine, the virus replicates in the intestine, conferring immunity to subsequent infection. (virology.ws)
In the study , which was conducted at University Hospital Limerick, researchers performed a large-scale metagenomic analysis of wastewater pipes from a soon-to-be refurbished ward that has experienced multiple multidrug-resistant healthcare-associated infection outbreaks. (umn.edu)
Polio is a serious infection caused by the poliovirus. (fitfortravel.nhs.uk)
The last case of wild (natural) poliovirus infection in the United States occurred in 1979. (msdmanuals.com)
A global polio eradication program is under way, but cases of wild poliovirus infection still occur in Pakistan and Afghanistan and were last reported in Nigeria in 2018. (msdmanuals.com)
Most recently, poliovirus infection resulting from the vaccine has been reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo and other areas of Africa. (msdmanuals.com)
Poliovirus infection causes paralysis in up to 1 in 200 infected persons. (bvsalud.org)

Genomic sequence analysis of the isolated poliovirus indicated that it originated in Pakistan ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Wild poliovirus transmission has spread beyond core reservoirs of polio endemic Afghanistan and Pakistan, infecting 140 children in 2020. (polioeradication.org)
Type 2 outbreaks spread across the Region in 2020, paralysing 308 children in Afghanistan, 135 in Pakistan, 58 in Sudan and 14 in Somalia. (polioeradication.org)
Only type 1 poliovirus still causes outbreaks in two countries: Pakistan and Afghanistan. (virology.ws)
Only three countries - Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan - have never interrupted transmission of the wild poliovirus. (livescience.com)
Genetic sequencing linked the WPV1 case in Malawi to poliovirus that was isolated in Pakistan in 2019, indicating that WPV1 had traveled within a person over a long distance. (cdc.gov)

In 2022, an outbreak of WPV type 1 (WPV1) was detected in southeastern Africa. (cdc.gov)
Before the outbreak described in this report, WPV1 had not been detected in southeastern Africa since the 1990s, and on August 25, 2020, the WHO African Region was certified free of indigenous WPV ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
New data from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) shows that the polio outbreak on the Horn of Africa continues to grow as it spreads to another country. (theglobaldispatch.com)
The outbreak on the Horn of Africa began with a case in a young girl from the Banadir region of Somalia this past April, Somalia's first case of polio since 2007. (theglobaldispatch.com)
Circulating poliovirus type 2 is the most prevalent form of polio in Africa and outbreaks of this type of poliovirus are the highest reported in the region, with more than 400 cases reported in 14 countries in 2022. (eagle.co.ug)
The detection of another case of wild polio virus in Africa is greatly concerning, even if it's unsurprising given the recent outbreak in Malawi. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
This is the largest and deadliest ever outbreak in West Africa. (utahpeoplespost.com)
In September 2020, the WHO Africa Region was declared free of indigenous wild poliovirus transmission. (cdc.gov)
Recent outbreaks of poliovirus in Asia, Africa and the Middle East are a powerful reminder that polio still poses a serious threat to human health worldwide. (bioedonline.org)

A goal of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative's 2022-2026 Strategic Plan is to better address the challenges to early cVDPV2 outbreak detection and initiate prompt and high coverage outbreak responses with available type 2 OPV to interrupt transmission by the end of 2023. (cdc.gov)
containing Sabin strain types 1 and 3) subsequent to the certified eradication of wild type poliovirus (WPV) type 2 in 2015 ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The health authorities, with support from WHO and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) partners, have also embarked on further epidemiological investigations, including risk assessments to determine the extent of the outbreak. (eagle.co.ug)
In The New Polio Eradication End Game , members of the World Health Organization (WHO) polio team lay out the intricate maneuvers that will be required to eliminate all polioviruses from human populations, including both wild viruses and those derived from oral polio vaccine (OPV). (cdc.gov)
There's a bitter irony hidden at the heart of the eradication campaign: The primary tool eradicators have used to combat the virus - the oral polio vaccine created by Albert Sabin in the late 1950s - is itself causing outbreaks of the disease. (latimes.com)
100 years poliovirus: from discovery to eradication. (springer.com)
Prospects for the eradication program were evaluated, with particular emphasis being placed on why certain countries still have not succeeding in interrupting wild-type transmission of poliovirus. (springer.com)
At the end of the symposium, Neal Nathanson also chaired an open discussion entitled "The Endgame of Poliovirus Eradication" with Chumakov, Kew and Tangermann on the panel. (springer.com)
The use of the oral polio vaccine containing attenuated or weakened virus, has brought the wild poliovirus to the brink of eradication. (thehindu.com)
50% of children are inadequately vaccinated, and they're now at risk of contracting this disease, and that's why it's very critical to rapidly and fully implement an outbreak response in the country," Oliver Rosenbauer, a member of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative from the World Health Organization (WHO), told IFLScience. (iflscience.com)
The Polio Eradication programme is fully committed to using upcoming campaigns over the next few months as the opportunity to stop the poliovirus circulation across the country," said Dr. Rana Muhammad Safdar, Coordinator of the National Emergency Operations Centre for Polio Eradication. (unicef.org)

Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) can be identified by divergence of their genetic sequences from those of vaccine strains. (cdc.gov)
History of Sabin attenuated poliovirus oral live vaccine strains. (who.int)
The ful data concerning the history of attenuated poliovirus strains developed by one of us (Sabin, 1965) for vaccine production do not appear in a single journal. (who.int)
Over the past few years we have had frequent requests for the details such as isolation and attenuation and accordingly we felt that bringing the data together in the report below would be both helpful and informative to those involved in the production and control of poliovirus vaccine (oral) prepared from these strains. (who.int)
By July of 2016 all remaining stocks of the Sabin type 2 poliovirus strains, which are used to produce OPV, will also be destroyed . (virology.ws)
There are signs that one type of poliovirus is gone and transmission of other strains seems to be slowing. (wgbh.org)
In the 1950s, Albert Sabin noticed that not all strains of poliovirus infected monkeys when exposed. (vox.com)

Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge in settings with low poliovirus population immunity and cause paralysis. (cdc.gov)
It begins with a humble stool sample - a thumb-sized smudge of poop - taken from a child with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), then delivered to the nearest laboratory that can test the sample specifically for poliovirus. (polioeradication.org)
The discovery of poliovirus in sewage samples suggests there is already community transmission of the virus that can lead to permanent paralysis of the arms and legs, as well as death in some cases. (medicinenet.com)
Polio is caused by the poliovirus , a serotype of the Enterovirus C species and member of the Picornaviridae family, which resides in the gut and throat but can invade the nervous system to cause paralysis. (asm.org)
In the early 1950s, polio outbreaks caused more than 15,000 cases of paralysis each year. (wcax.com)
There are two types of polioviruses that can cause paralysis in humans. (thehindu.com)
The mutations are different from the wild poliovirus, though they too can cause paralysis. (thehindu.com)
During this period, the virus can mutate and take on a form that can cause paralysis just like the wild poliovirus. (thehindu.com)
About 2,500 cases of paralysis from circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus paralysis have been registered. (thehindu.com)
Although most poliovirus infections cause no or mild symptoms, the virus can cause meningitis (one to five cases in 100), irreversible paralysis (ranging from one in 200 to one in 2000 people infected depending on the virus type), and even death (between approximately two to 10 people in 100 paralysis cases). (bmj.com)
Polio was once one of the nation's most feared diseases, with annual outbreaks causing thousands of cases of paralysis - many of them in children. (whnt.com)

The World Health Organization (WHO) African Region was certified as having interrupted indigenous wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission in August 2020. (cdc.gov)

The most recently detected poliovirus genetically linked to the cVDPV1 emergence (PHL-NCR-2) § circulating during the previous reporting period was found in environmental surveillance samples (sewage) in Malaysia during March 2020 ( 3 ) ( Table ) ( Figure 1 ). (cdc.gov)
There have also been outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) which indicate low population immunity and risk of poliovirus re-introduction in countries that have claimed polio-free status. (who.int)
Additionally, five samples from environmental surveillance of wastewater confirmed the presence of the circulating poliovirus type 2. (eagle.co.ug)
The detection of the circulating poliovirus type 2 shows the effectiveness of the country's disease surveillance. (eagle.co.ug)
Burundi is further bolstering polio surveillance, with WHO experts in the field supporting additional sample collection as well as assessing the possibility of opening of new environmental surveillance sites for early detection of silently circulating poliovirus. (eagle.co.ug)
Outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1) paralysed 29 children in Yemen. (polioeradication.org)
To prevent further cases of poliomyelitis caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, WHO planned a synchronized, global switch from trivalent OPV to bivalent OPV on 17 April 2016. (virology.ws)
Of course, re-introduction of this vaccine will be accompanied by more circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus in the environment, and vaccine-associated disease, the very event WHO is trying to end with the trivalent to bivalent switch. (virology.ws)
When it spreads in communities, we have what is called circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus. (thehindu.com)
It's important to note that vaccine-derived poliovirus and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus are not indicative of a re-emergence of wild poliovirus. (thehindu.com)
Since vaccine-derived poliovirus was first reported in Hispaniola in 2000 , three types of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus have been identified in over 50 countries in every region of the world, except Antarctica. (thehindu.com)
On 13 September 2022, the United States was added to a list compiled by the World Health Organization (WHO) of countries with circulating poliovirus, and joined a group that includes Somalia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Yemen. (bmj.com)

Polio Outbreak: Do you need a polio titer test to check your immunity against the polio epidemic? (requestatest.com)
In the past, polio outbreaks occurred mainly in children and adolescents, because many older people had already been exposed to the virus and developed immunity. (msdmanuals.com)

On 17 July 2019 the Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was declared a public health emergency of international concern. (who.int)
The West African government on Wednesday said that the states are unable to fight against the world's worst Ebola outbreak due to the lack of resources. (utahpeoplespost.com)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, the Ebola outbreak has taken lives of 467 people in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone since February. (utahpeoplespost.com)
The experts mainly criticized the organization for delaying its response and a decision to declare Ebola a public health emergency, after Guinea and Liberia alerted the health agency of the outbreak…" (Sonawane, 11/23). (kff.org)
The most recent outbreak, which officials are calling the fourth wave, was confirmed after a 15-year-old boy with symptoms of Ebola [… had a test come] back positive on Thursday, as did tests on Friday for his father and a brother, the official said, adding that at least seven health care workers may have treated the teenager without the protective equipment essential for Ebola cases…" (MacDougall/Cooper, 11/20). (kff.org)
WHO Executive Director Margaret Chan expressed the importance of health in a post-2015 agenda and named wild poliovirus, the Ebola outbreak in Guinea, and NCDs as examples of current health challenges impacting the world. (undispatch.com)

For updated epidemiologic information on the 2014 enterovirus 68 outbreak, see Frequency. (medscape.com)

The symposium celebrated the discovery of poliovirus and discussed our current state of knowledge of poliovirus biology. (springer.com)

In November 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Use Listing procedure authorized limited use of type 2 novel OPV (nOPV2), a vaccine modified to be more genetically stable than the Sabin strain, for cVDPV2 outbreak response ( 3 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
This report describes the detection of this poliovirus in the Philippines after use of the monovalent type 2 OPV for outbreak response. (who.int)
Poliovirus is a type of anaerobe virus and consists of an RNA genome enclosed in a capsid. (cdc.gov)
The reason for the switch is clear: type 2 poliovirus was declared eradicated last year, and the only remaining cases are cause by vaccine-derived type 2 polioviruses. (virology.ws)
My concern with this strategy is that type 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses continue to circulate. (virology.ws)
Whether they will continue to do so long enough to cause an outbreak of paralytic disease in the cohort of new infants that do not receive type 2 vaccine is a mattern of conjecture. (virology.ws)
Type 3 poliovirus has not been isolated since 2012. (virology.ws)
A type of the poliovirus has popped up in over 30 countries. (dailywire.com)
Since then, wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) has been found in ten of the cases under investigation , all in children under the age of two years. (livescience.com)
T he last wild version of Type 2 poliovirus was seen in India in 1999. (vox.com)
the vaccine contains weakened forms of the three main polioviruses - Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. (vox.com)
It's also possible for the Type 1 and Type 3 viruses to cause vaccine-derived outbreaks, but these are much rarer. (vox.com)
However, on February 17, 2022, after more than 30 years without a reported case of wild poliovirus, Malawi confirmed a case of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) in a three-year-old child. (cdc.gov)
In addition to wild-type poliovirus, very rarely (about 1 in 2.4 million doses) the live poliovirus in the oral vaccine mutates. (msdmanuals.com)

During the past week, 11 new wild poliovirus (WPV 1) cases have been reported. (theglobaldispatch.com)
This is the first wild poliovirus case reported in Ethiopia since 2008. (theglobaldispatch.com)
August 2016, and the last wild poliovirus isolated from the environment on 27 September 2016. (who.int)
The case in Mozambique and the earlier one in Malawi do not affect Africa's wild poliovirus-free certification because the virus strain is not indigenous. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Wild poliovirus (WPV) cases are now uncommon , with only 222 new cases reported worldwide so far in 2014. (cdc.gov)
In Part 1, the villain is WPV [wild poliovirus]. (latimes.com)
Even as wild virus rates plunged there, an outbreak of vaccine-derived poliovirus caused about 350 paralytic cases. (latimes.com)
At this stage, few propose moving away from the oral vaccine until wild poliovirus has been eradicated. (latimes.com)
This image was created in October 2014, by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Epidemiologist, Mary Alleman, MPH, PhD, during an outbreak of wild poliovirus in the Central African nation of Cameroon, in the city of Bafoussam, the regional capital of West Region, Cameroon. (cdc.gov)
These are the wild poliovirus and the vaccine-derived poliovirus. (thehindu.com)
Global efforts since 1988, using oral polio vaccine to immunise children, have reduced wild poliovirus cases by 99.9% . (thehindu.com)
Wild poliovirus had not been detected in Syria since 1999. (livescience.com)
There are three types of wild poliovirus: 1, 2, and 3. (livescience.com)

In 1999, the regional reported coverage with at least three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV3) by age 1 year was 83% (range: 18%--100%), compared with 82% in 1998. (cdc.gov)
[21] Three doses of live-attenuated OPV produce protective antibodies to all three poliovirus types in more than 95% of recipients. (wikipedia.org)

This report summarizes progress in the outbreak response since the initial report ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)

After use of the monovalent vaccine, the emergence of vaccine-derived poliovirus unrelated to the outbreak virus was detected in healthy children and environmental samples. (who.int)

However, there is another, lesser known but equally important process that must also take place to halt transmission of the poliovirus. (polioeradication.org)
This article, give an account of series of events and activities that were used to stop the transmission within 13 weeks, an interval between the first and the last case of the 2013 outbreak. (immunologyresearchjournal.com)
In an attempt to stop further transmission and time bound closure of the outbreak, many activities were brought to fore: the known traditional methods, innovative approaches, improved finances and surge capacity. (immunologyresearchjournal.com)
This article reviews the epidemiology, risk, and programme response to what is now famed as the 2013-204 poliovirus outbreaks in the HoA and highlights the challenges that the programme faced in interrupting poliovirus transmission here. (immunologyresearchjournal.com)
Some of these activities included the use of various communication strategies to create awareness, sensitize and mobilize the populations against poliovirus transmission. (immunologyresearchjournal.com)
Additionally, poliovirus was recently isolated from wastewater in the U.K, with suspected transmission among children. (asm.org)
Transmission electron microscope image of poliovirus particles. (asm.org)
While IPV does an excellent job at protecting individuals from paralytic disease, it cannot stop community transmission of poliovirus-but OPV can. (asm.org)

The incubation period for poliovirus is 5-35 days. (medscape.com)

Most of the time, there are no symptoms at all, which is why, in public health, just one case of paralytic polio implies a silent outbreak. (kunc.org)

There have been no cases of paralytic disease during this "silent" outbreak. (livescience.com)

In Israel, an outbreak in 2013 prompted authorities to launch a campaign to give people the live, oral vaccine. (centralsan.org)

But a recent outbreak of polio there has health officials concerned about the overall effectiveness of the effort to eliminate polio in that country. (wgbh.org)

Just over hundred years ago, Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper identified a virus, later termed poliovirus, as the causative agent of poliomyelitis. (springer.com)
In 1909, Landsteiner and Popper reported the identification of a virus, subsequently called poliovirus (PV), as the causative agent of poliomyelitis [ 20 ]. (springer.com)

Confirmation of the case in Ethiopia underscores the risk this outbreak continues to pose to countries across the region. (theglobaldispatch.com)
What we say must be accurate and easy to understand for everyone," says Soterine Tsanga, Polio Outbreak Response SBC specialist with UNICEF, who is also involved in the roll out of DCE to countries. (polioeradication.org)
A study in seven countries** estimated the prevalence of poliovirus shedding in previously vaccinated persons with a PI disorder. (cdc.gov)
This past Sunday the World Health Organization orchestrated a synchronized switch from trivalent to bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in 150 countries. (virology.ws)
Nearly 20 countries are reporting outbreaks of the measles. (dailywire.com)
That outbreak has spilled into neighbouring countries with 14 cases in Kenya and seven in Ethiopia. (livescience.com)
We need to strengthen core capacities in all countries to detect, report, and respond rapidly to small outbreaks in order to prevent them from becoming large-scale emergencies,' said Peter Piot, LSHTM's director and the chair of the panel. (kff.org)

How can a vaccine cause outbreaks? (vox.com)
The chances, I think, are relatively low that it travels internationally, or would cause outbreaks internationally, but I would not rule it out," Rosenbauer concluded. (iflscience.com)

State and local health officials have detected the poliovirus in New York City's wastewater, a finding that indicates the virus has spread widely since first being discovered in the wastewater of a neighboring county last month. (medicinenet.com)
On 17 March 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that health officials in Burundi and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) had detected cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus . (thehindu.com)

Vaccine- associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is a rare adverse event associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). (who.int)
As if the children of Syria had not suffered enough, the news of an outbreak of polio (poliomyelitis) signals that even more suffering lies ahead. (livescience.com)

Its early detection is critical in containing a potential outbreak. (eagle.co.ug)
The detection of poliovirus in wastewater samples in New York City is alarming, but not surprising. (medicinenet.com)

A 2018-2019 measles outbreak there infected 312 people. (whnt.com)

About one in 25 people infected with poliovirus will get viral meningitis , and about one in 200 will become paralyzed. (medicinenet.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms5

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs7

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Health Care2

Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks2

Monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine2

Serotypes8

CVDPV11

Vaccines7

Disease Outbreaks2

Immunization10

Vaccination17

Infection13

Pakistan6

Africa9

Eradication11

Strains7

Paralysis11

Certified as having1

Circulating12

Immunity2

Ebola6

Enterovirus1

Discovery of poliovirus1

Type14

Wild13

Doses2

Report summarizes progress1

Emergence1

Transmission8

Incubation period1

Case of paralytic polio1

Paralytic disease1

Oral vaccine1

Recent outbreak1

Causative agent2

Countries7

Cause outbreaks2

Health officials2

Poliomyelitis2

Detection2

20191

Viral1