• The diagnosis of ciguatera poisoning is based on the characteristic signs and symptoms and a history of eating fish species known to carry ciguatera toxin. (cdc.gov)
  • If the mice develop diagnostic symptoms of poisoning, this is an indication of contamination of the shellfish by a marine toxin. (jrank.org)
  • Antifreeze poisoning symptoms (from ethylene glycol) start with drowsiness, upset stomach, and symptoms of drunkenness. (missouripoisoncenter.org)
  • In the body, the toxins affect the liver and kidney, even if someone has recovered from the initial symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. (listverse.com)
  • Symptoms of mushroom poisoning may vary from gastric upset to organ failure resulting in death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Serious symptoms do not always occur immediately after eating, often not until the toxin attacks the kidney or liver, sometimes days or weeks later. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, there are a number of recognized mushroom toxins with specific, and sometimes deadly, effects: The period between ingestion and the onset of symptoms varies dramatically between toxins, some taking days to show symptoms identifiable as mushroom poisoning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Orellanine: This toxin generally causes no symptoms for 3-20 days after ingestion. (wikipedia.org)
  • People having eaten mushrooms containing orellanine may experience early symptoms as well, because the mushrooms often contain other toxins in addition to orellanine. (wikipedia.org)
  • A related toxin that causes similar symptoms but within 3-6 days has been isolated from Amanita smithiana and some other related toxic Amanitas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prevalence of ciguatera poisoning is likely underestimated due to lack of recognition of symptoms by clinicians. (medscape.com)
  • The toxin enters the food chain via fish, which are then consumed by humans, in whom the toxin causes symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • The onset of gastrointestinal (GI) and neurologic symptoms after the consumption of fish are the hallmarks of ciguatera poisoning. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, poisoning symptoms may be misdiagnosed as symptoms of other common illness and injury. (cdc.gov)
  • Ingestion of raw or cooked mollusks that contain the toxin in sufficient quantities ensures the development of symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • In severe poisoning, illness typically progresses rapidly and may include gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting) and neurological (cranial nerve dysfunction, a floating sensation, headache, muscle weakness, parasthesias and vertigo) signs and symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • Some experts think that it was an outbreak of ergot poisoning that caused symptoms that led to the Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts in 1692. (ehow.com)
  • The algal poisons can accumulate in marine organisms that feed by filtering large volumes of water, for example, shellfish such as clams, oysters, and mussels. (jrank.org)
  • Several groups of organisms that produce algal blooms also produce potentially deadly toxins. (snopes.com)
  • Finally, the NRC researchers successfully identified the novel algal ciguatoxin and demonstrated its metabolism in fish species associated with ciguatera poisoning. (blogshub.org)
  • Norwegian researchers confirmed the transformation of the algal toxin into the fish toxin through enzyme incubation experiments. (blogshub.org)
  • Marine harmful algal bloom (HAB) toxins can cause a variety of illnesses in humans through shellfish ingestion. (medscape.com)
  • In Canada, an outbreak of diarrhea following shellfish poisoning resulted in the formation of a voluntary algal bloom network. (medscape.com)
  • Following a visit to Veterinary Care of Mount Pleasant, identification of the type of mushroom from Prospero Nursery in White Plains and multiple consultations with the experts at Pet Poison Helpline, it was confirmed that Davey had ingested a highly poisonous fungi known as a Destroying Angel mushroom ( Amanita bisporigera ). (doglivingmagazine.com)
  • The Destroying Angel mushroom is one of the deadliest mushrooms to grow in nature," said Dr. Ahna Brutlag, a board-certified veterinary toxicologist at Pet Poison Helpline. (doglivingmagazine.com)
  • In 1534, Pope Clement VII was said to have succumbed to the poison after accidentally ingesting the mushroom. (listverse.com)
  • Mushroom poisoning is poisoning resulting from the ingestion of mushrooms that contain toxic substances. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mushroom poisoning is usually the result of ingestion of wild mushrooms after misidentification of a toxic mushroom as an edible species. (wikipedia.org)
  • To prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers familiarize themselves with the mushrooms they intend to collect, as well as with any similar-looking toxic species. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common consequence of mushroom poisoning is simply gastrointestinal upset. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, a doubt was expressed regarding the level of the toxic effects of orellanine, a toxin from the mushroom C. orellanus , compared with other bipyridines [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • On 3 December Daraa DoH reported 47 clustered cases of mushroom poisoning, and three children deaths. (who.int)
  • The rapid response team of Daraa has suggested poisoning is consequence of contamination with some kind of toxins, rather than related to the type of mushroom, as it is usually consumed by the local households with no previous poisoning history. (who.int)
  • DoH tested samples of mushroom at the laboratories of Local Administration & Environment, to check Residual pesticide and heavy metal poisoning. (who.int)
  • All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Microorganisms may produce toxins that facilitate infection. (medscape.com)
  • The risk for ciguatera poisoning is likely to increase as coral reefs deteriorate because of climate change, ocean acidification, offshore construction, and nutrient runoff. (cdc.gov)
  • Of these, only botulinum toxin is classified among the highest-priority agents. (msdmanuals.com)
  • They vary greatly in their toxicity , ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting ) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin ). (wikipedia.org)
  • The catalytic domain of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type F (represented as a molecular surface, gray) bound to an inhibitor molecule (colored ribbon) designed to mimic the nerve-cell protein the toxin cleaves. (bnl.gov)
  • Botulinum neurotoxins are classified into 7 types, A-G. Toxin types A, B, and E cause most human botulism, and type F represents only 1% of reported cases ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Note that the specimens for toxin analysis should be refrigerated, but culture samples of C botulinum should not be refrigerated. (medscape.com)
  • Risk for human poisoning depends on the particular seafood consumed, where it was caught or harvested, and-in some instances-the exposure of that seafood to an HAB. (cdc.gov)
  • Paralytic, diarrhetic, and amnesic shellfish poisoning all have the capability of making large numbers of people ill and can cause death in cases of extreme exposure or sensitivity. (jrank.org)
  • DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual toxin exposure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you or someone you are with has an exposure, call your local emergency number (such as 911), or your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Health-care providers should report suspect cases of intentional chemical exposure to their local poison-control center and to a public health agency. (cdc.gov)
  • The best way to protect your pet from accidental toxin exposure or poisoning is to simply be aware of the potentially dangerous items in your home and to keep them out of your pets' reach. (emeraldfoxkennel.com)
  • If your pet shows any signs of poisoning or toxin exposure, such as difficulty breathing or sudden lethargy, be sure to seek veterinary care from a local animal hospital as soon as possible. (emeraldfoxkennel.com)
  • Unless the victim has been treated with a delay poison or neutralize poison spell, the terminal phase occurs one minute after the initial exposure. (dandwiki.com)
  • Poisoning occurs when unintended exposure to extrinsic substances via oral, respiratory, ocular, or dermal routes leads to at least one adverse clinical effect. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2010, 37,707 workplace exposures were reported to poison centers across the US, accounting for 1.6% of all poison center exposure calls. (cdc.gov)
  • The veterinarians and board-certified toxicologists at Pet Poison Helpline are highly trained to assist in all types of toxicities, including Davey's potentially fatal ingestion. (doglivingmagazine.com)
  • Augusta Animal Clinic provides treatment after your cat has been poisoned or has faced toxic ingestion in Indianapolis. (augustaanimalclinic.com)
  • poisons may enter the body through any means - typically inhalation , ingestion , or skin absorption . (wikipedia.org)
  • [17] [18] Biotoxins can be classified by their mechanism of delivery as poisons (passively transferred via ingestion, inhalation, or absorption across the skin), toxungens (actively transferred to the target's surface by spitting, spraying, or smearing), or venoms (delivered through a wound generated by a bite, sting, or other such action). (wikipedia.org)
  • The source of intoxication with type F botulism among adults is often uncertain but might result from either intestinal colonization with clostridial spores and subsequent intraintestinal toxin production or from ingestion of preformed toxin in contaminated food ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The toxins of C. orellanus have a prolonged latent period after ingestion, which, together with the thermo- and photolability of orellanine, have hampered the development of an analytical method for the direct analytical diagnosis of C. orellanus poisoning using body fluids [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Acute toxic effects, including fatal systemic poisoning, can result from ingestion. (cdc.gov)
  • The staff provides treatment advice for poisoning cases of all species, including dogs, cats, birds, small mammals, large animals and exotic species. (doglivingmagazine.com)
  • Some large millipede species can spray these toxins as far as 32 inches (80 centimeters). (medlineplus.gov)
  • A few species in the very large genus Cortinarius contain this toxin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ciguatera toxins (CTXs) are produced most often by the marine dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, although other species responsible for CTX production have been identified. (medscape.com)
  • The toxin is made by dinoflagellates of the Gonyaulax species (red tide). (medscape.com)
  • This toxin is made by dinoflagellates of the species Dinophysis and Prorocentrum . (medscape.com)
  • Call our clinic to learn more about how you can protect your cat from dangerous household toxins. (augustaanimalclinic.com)
  • Lead and Other Environmental Toxins. (nj.gov)
  • Go to our OPDD Lead Poisoning and Environmental Toxins website for more information about lead and other environmental dangers that can affect newborns and infants during the prenatal, pregnancy, postnatal and early childhood phases of their lives. (nj.gov)
  • Taxonomy and ecology of Dendrobates bombetes, a new Andean poison frog with new skin toxins. (amnh.org)
  • A name for the poison frog of Cordillera Azul, eastern Peru, with notes on its biology and skin toxins (Dendrobatidae). (amnh.org)
  • These potent toxins originate from Gambierdiscus toxicus , a small marine organism (dinoflagellate) that grows on and around coral reefs. (cdc.gov)
  • Poisonous mushrooms contain a variety of different toxins that can differ markedly in toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, their absence does not exclude this disease, since the seven different toxins appear to involve the ocular system to various degrees. (medscape.com)
  • UPTON, NY - New structures of a botulism toxin interacting with a mimic of the nerve-cell protein it destroys suggest new ways to block this often-fatal interaction. (bnl.gov)
  • Botulism toxins are among the deadliest known poisons. (bnl.gov)
  • The standard for laboratory diagnosis is a mouse neutralization bioassay confirming botulism by isolation of the toxin. (medscape.com)
  • Because of the risks of poisoning associated with eating marine shellfish, many countries routinely monitor the toxicity of these foods using various sorts of assays. (jrank.org)
  • The U.S. teams collected algae samples from Caribbean coral reefs and screened them for toxicity, while the NRC conducted chemical profiling and identification to determine the structure of the toxin. (blogshub.org)
  • Products with acute toxicity account for the high number of poisoning cases, particularly in the developing countries, while products with chronic toxic effects may cause cancer or developmental problems in children. (org.in)
  • An unusual poisoning such as this can be very difficult for a general practitioner to diagnose, so quick medical attention by your veterinarian, followed by advice from the team at Pet Poison Helpline, can really help save a pet's life. (doglivingmagazine.com)
  • Contact your veterinarian or Pet Poison HelplineĀ® for life-saving advice. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
  • Thankfully, there's an antidote for this type of mouse and rat poison: Vitamin K1, a prescription medication readily available at your veterinarian. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Ciguatera fish poisoning occurs after eating reef fish contaminated with toxins like ciguatoxin or maitotoxin. (cdc.gov)
  • Seafood-borne illness, or seafood poisoning, occurs as a result of human consumption of food harvested from the sea. (medscape.com)
  • The initial phase occurs upon the victim's first encounter with the poison. (dandwiki.com)
  • From nature, Bacterial Toxins , as biological toxins (biotoxins) , are toxic substances to our body, formed in or elaborated by bacterium (bacteria) . (wellnessadvocate.com)
  • Poisoning by viral and bacterial contamination of seafood, as well as marine envenomations, are not covered here. (medscape.com)
  • When it comes to mouse and rat poisons, there are several different active ingredients and types of action, making all of them potentially poisonous to dogs. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Pet Poison Helpline, an animal poison control center based in Minneapolis, is available 24 hours, seven days a week for pet owners and veterinary professionals who require assistance treating a potentially poisoned pet. (doglivingmagazine.com)
  • A number of potentially life-threatening toxins found in many households can seriously harm your furry best friend. (louisville.edu)
  • If you think your pet has eaten something potentially toxic, call Pet Poison Helpline or seek immediate veterinary treatment. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
  • While this type of poison is less common, you should care, as it's potentially poisonous to you, your family, and your veterinary staff! (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • In this situation it seems Skittles clearly knew they could potentially poison people, but still kept using the dangerous chemical toxin for profit. (jordanthrilla.com)
  • A case in which a potentially exposed person is being evaluated by health-care workers or public health officials for poisoning by a particular chemical agent, but no specific credible threat exists. (cdc.gov)
  • When human illness results from an unintentional or intentional release of a toxin (chemicals produced by metabolism in an organism [e.g., ricin]) or a toxicant (natural or synthetic chemicals not metabolically produced by an organism [e.g., nerve agents]) into the environment, uniform reporting is necessary to direct appropriate resources, assess the extent of morbidity and mortality, track poisoned persons, and monitor response to intervention. (cdc.gov)
  • Toxin" is often loosely used to refer to any poison but technically refers only to a poisonous chemical produced by an organism (although some toxins can now also be produced synthetically). (msdmanuals.com)
  • But D&D poisons are not toxic in the same way as real-life arsenic and cyanide. (dandwiki.com)
  • Less strict understandings embrace naturally occurring non-organic toxins, such as arsenic . (wikipedia.org)
  • Other common poisons, such as arsenic and cyanide, are more effective and easier to access, they said. (thedailybeast.com)
  • One of the earliest recorded uses of biological weapons dates back to the 6th century B.C., when Persian armies poisoned wells with a fungus. (cdc.gov)
  • Among those potential toxins is ergot, a fungus that infects some grains and produces a toxin. (ehow.com)
  • It contains toxins known as cyclopeptides, or more specifically amatoxins. (doglivingmagazine.com)
  • There are two main families of toxins in these 'shrooms-the amatoxins and the phallotoxins. (listverse.com)
  • Some toxins, such as amatoxins, are thermostable and mushrooms containing such toxins will not be rendered safe to eat by cooking. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, it is difficult to make large quantities of most toxins and hard to distribute toxins widely enough to affect many people. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Generally, poisoning is unlikely unless a plant is highly toxic or large quantities are. (msdmanuals.com)
  • When eaten in sufficient quantities the toxins cause ergot poisoning. (ehow.com)
  • Poisoning results in gastrointestinal and neurologic illness of varying severity. (medscape.com)
  • A High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) Qualitative Detection Method Developed for In Vivo Analyses of Toxin Orellanine from the Cortinarius orellanus Fr. (hindawi.com)
  • The toxin orellanine from Cortinarius orellanus was first isolated by Grzymala in 1962 as part of a mixture with other substances. (hindawi.com)
  • Marine animals can also be poisoned by toxic chemicals synthesized during blooms. (jrank.org)
  • BP intentionally vented at least 500,000 pounds of toxic chemicals, including benzene, from a faulty refinery unit in Texas City to a flare the company knew was incapable of destroying the toxins, Buzbee said in an interview before the trial. (molawyersmedia.com)
  • Millipede toxin contains these chemicals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Toxins are chemicals that are produced by organisms as a result of cellular metabolism (e.g., marine toxins such as saxitoxin or plant toxins such as ricin). (cdc.gov)
  • The list of chemicals that have the potential for use as a terrorist weapon is extensive, and clinical presentation of poisoning from chemicals can be similar to that of common diseases (e.g., gastroenteritis). (cdc.gov)
  • When you take your pet for a walk, thoroughly wipe his or her paws off when you get home to remove any traces of chemicals or other toxins that your pet may have stepped on. (emeraldfoxkennel.com)
  • [16] They can also be classified by their source, such as fungal biotoxins , microbial toxins , plant biotoxins , or animal biotoxins. (wikipedia.org)
  • By Candi Amundson, CVT Veterinary Information Specialist at Pet Poison HelplineĀ® As we see spring coming close to an end we will be welcoming summer soon! (petpoisonhelpline.com)
  • The veterinary toxicology professionals at Pet Poison Helpline are launching a new consumer awareness campaign called Toxin Tails . (doglivingmagazine.com)
  • Pet Poison Helpline created "Toxin Tails" to educate the veterinary community and pet lovers on the many types of poisoning dangers facing pets, both in and out of the home. (doglivingmagazine.com)
  • As an emergency critical care veterinary specialist, this is my most hated type of poisoning. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • The toxin, known as ciguatoxin, is found in large fish such as barracuda, moray eel, snapper and grouper, and can cause tingling and numbness in fingers and toes, nausea, abdominal pain, and even poisoning. (blogshub.org)
  • A drop in temperature means a spike in exposures to winter toxins. (missouripoisoncenter.org)
  • Poisoned at work: an evaluation of New Hampshire poison center data for occupational poisoning exposures from 2005 to 2011. (cdc.gov)
  • Poison centers provide a critical resource for monitoring the occurrence of occupational exposures and poisonings at both state and national levels. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study was to use poison center data to describe the distribution and trends of occupational poisoning exposures among New Hampshire's employed population from 2005 to 2011. (cdc.gov)
  • Johnson-Arbor said that the toxins appearing in Kenyon's results in the lawsuit could be from common environmental exposures, and could show up if the lab didn't wash her hair before testing it. (thedailybeast.com)
  • On a broader scale, toxins may be classified as either exotoxins , excreted by an organism, or endotoxins , which are released mainly when bacteria are lysed . (wikipedia.org)
  • When illness results from an intentional or unintentional chemical release (either known or suspected on the basis of a credible threat) into the environment, uniform reporting is paramount to direct appropriate resources, assess the extent of morbidity and mortality, track poisoned persons, and monitor response to intervention. (cdc.gov)
  • These small animals were eaten by small fish, which also accumulated the toxic chemical and then poisoned fish-eating cormorants and pelicans that died in large numbers. (jrank.org)
  • Can Algae Poison a Dog? (snopes.com)
  • Blue-green algae (known scientifically as cyanobacteria) are capable of poisoning dogs and other pets. (snopes.com)
  • Ciguatera poisoning affects approximately 500,000 people globally each year and stems from algae consumed by these fish. (blogshub.org)
  • Recently, Silybum marianum or blessed milk thistle has been shown to protect the liver from amanita toxins and promote regrowth of damaged cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toxins produced by microorganisms are important virulence determinants responsible for microbial pathogenicity and/or evasion of the host immune response . (wikipedia.org)
  • Discussion: The Philippines Epidemiology Bureau recommended that the Philippine Maritime Authority include CTX poisoning and its health risks in seafarers' training to prevent future cases of CFP. (who.int)
  • Nausea and vomiting may occur if you come into contact with a large number of millipedes and their toxins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Poisoning can occur even after touching the plant's leaves without wearing gloves as it is very rapidly and easily absorbed. (listverse.com)
  • While the toxins were previously known to occur in the Caribbean Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, they have recently been detected in new regions, including the Canary Islands, the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the western Gulf of Mexico. (blogshub.org)
  • The majority of poisons humans consume occur naturally in plants and animals. (films.com)
  • Two major groups of marine phytoplankton, diatoms and dinoflagellates, produce HAB toxins. (medscape.com)
  • Cabbage has 40 identifiable toxins that can be deadly in large amounts, but concentrations in the plant are low. (films.com)
  • The mimic protein interacts with the toxin at several exosites (purple-, brown-, and green-shaded areas) in addition to the active site (red) that performs the cleaving action, suggesting that blocking these interactions could thwart the toxins deadly action. (bnl.gov)
  • On April 29, 1996, three cases of tetrodotoxin poisoning occurred among chefs in California who shared contaminated fugu (puffer fish) brought from Japan by a co-worker as a prepackaged, ready-to-eat product. (cdc.gov)
  • A presumptive diagnosis of tetrodotoxin poisoning in all three men was based on clinical presentation in the ED and the history of recent consumption of fugu. (cdc.gov)
  • By having a better understanding of which seemingly innocent items can be dangerous to your pet and knowing the signs of poisoning to watch out for, you can protect your pet from these dangers. (emeraldfoxkennel.com)
  • Radiation sensitivity of toxins and animal poisons : proceedings of a Panel on the Radiation Sensitivity of Toxins and Animal Poisons, held in Bangkok, 19-22 May 1969 / organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency. (who.int)
  • Some toxins, such as that from Ptychodiscus brevis , the organism that causes Florida red tides, are airborne and can cause throat and nose irritations. (jrank.org)
  • The term toxungen has also been proposed to refer to toxins that are delivered onto the body surface of another organism without an accompanying wound . (wikipedia.org)
  • What we know from the poison papers is that those companies, although they argue that there was no human health hazard, they had actually received information and tested themselves in such a way that- they were told, for example, by German chemical companies that dioxins were too toxic even to do research on. (therealnews.com)
  • Clinical knowledge and diagnostic tools (e.g., biologic laboratory tests) for detecting chemical poisoning are likely to improve over time. (cdc.gov)
  • In this report, CDC presents case definitions to facilitate uniform reporting of illness resulting from a chemical (i.e., toxin and toxicant) release. (cdc.gov)
  • Toxins are often distinguished from other chemical agents strictly based on their biological origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The DHS Office for the Prevention of Developmental Disabilities (OPDD) is charged with educating the public about the preventable causes of disabilities, such as ingesting lead (from paint, toys or other sources) or new chemical toxins in everyday items around the home. (nj.gov)
  • A common myth is that the greatest "chemical poisoning" risk associated with eating is residual pesticides, but modern science tells us that this is an infinitesimally tiny risk and that there is a far greater danger of being poisoned by a chemical naturally occurring in a vegetable or meat. (films.com)
  • The social media reactions to the Skittles Lawsuit involving a chemical toxin have been going viral as a result. (jordanthrilla.com)
  • all of which can induce severe or fatal illness in animals and people," according to a review paper published in the scientific journal Toxins. (snopes.com)
  • Only a small amount can result in severe poisoning in both dogs and cats. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Severe poisoning is indicated by hypotension, bradycardia, depressed corneal reflexes, and fixed dilated pupils. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, cases of ciguatera fish poisoning are seen with increasing frequency in nonendemic areas because of the increasing global trade in seafood products. (cdc.gov)
  • The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) has unearthed a novel seafood toxin responsible for ciguatera poisoning. (blogshub.org)
  • It comprises over 50% of all reported cases of seafood poisoning in the United States, with 90% of the US cases being reported in Florida and Hawaii. (medscape.com)
  • Tante S. Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Outbreak in Navotas, Metro Manila. (who.int)
  • Schlaich C, Hagelstein JG, Burchard GD, Schmiedel S. Outbreak of ciguatera fish poisoning on a cargo ship in the port of hamburg. (who.int)
  • The toxins produced by G. toxicus are then modified and concentrated as they pass up the marine food chain to carnivorous fish and finally to humans. (cdc.gov)
  • The toxin is heat stable and thus may affect humans even if fish are properly prepared. (medscape.com)
  • While this type of mouse and rat poison sounds like some ACR types (e.g., bromadiolone, brodifacoum), it's totally unrelated to clotting and is not treated with Vitamin K. This is a mouse and rat poison doesn't have an antidote, and works causing brain swelling (e.g., cerebral edema). (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Indeed, the mimic molecules have such high affinity for the toxin and bind to it so tightly that they themselves could possibly serve as anti-toxin drugs with further modification, the researchers said. (bnl.gov)
  • But fear of their use as a bioterror weapon has made the toxins notorious - and the push for developing antitoxin drugs or vaccines a high priority. (bnl.gov)
  • The scientists are also exploring the possibility that the inhibitor molecules they used in this study as mimics for the nerve-cell protein could themselves serve as anti-toxin drugs. (bnl.gov)
  • Work on all seven variations of the toxin is essential to understanding common mechanisms that may aid in the design of drugs that work across several different types, or ideally, broadly against all seven. (bnl.gov)
  • The mere existence of a vaccine or anti-toxin drugs would help mitigate the extreme fear of a bioterror attack," Swaminathan said. (bnl.gov)
  • No test for ciguatera toxins in human clinical specimens is readily available. (cdc.gov)
  • D&D poisons work like spell-like effects, and thus should be scaled and priced accordingly. (dandwiki.com)
  • The zombi cadavre remains a slave to the will of the sorcerer through continued poisoning or spell work. (cdc.gov)
  • Ciguatera toxin is a polyether ladder that binds to and opens voltage-dependent sodium channels. (medscape.com)
  • Ciguatera poisoning is the most common nonbacterial fish-borne poisoning in the United States, with most of the cases being reported in Florida and Hawaii. (medscape.com)
  • Introduction: Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is common in tropical and subtropical waters. (who.int)
  • This type of mouse and rat poison results in an increased amount of calcium in the body, leading to kidney failure. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • Treatment includes aggressive IV fluids to flush the calcium and kidney poisons out, medications to help decrease the body's calcium level (e.g., pamidronate, calcitonin, steroids, diuretics), and frequent blood work monitoring. (pethealthnetwork.com)
  • From antibiotics to statins, modern medicine relies on the reliability and ease-of-use of enzyme- and receptor-directed inhibitors and antagonists.The Inhibitor Index is a comprehensive, curated compendium of over 7,800 enzyme inhibitors and receptor antagonists, including many toxins, poisons, and metabolic uncouplers. (celalibrary.ca)
  • A toxin is a naturally occurring organic poison [1] produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms . (wikipedia.org)