Pneumoniae parc or pare proteins dna topoisomerase iv. Medical search. Frequent questions

Quinolone resistance among Enterobacteriaceae originally occurred due to chromosomal mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the gyrA and gyrB genes, which encode the gyrase A and B subunits, respectively and the parC and parE genes, which encode topoisomerase IV subunits (Hernández et al. (scielo.br)
DNA gyrase is a tetramer composed of 2 GyrA and 2 GyrB subunits. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
ParC is homologous to GyrA and ParE is homologous to GyrB. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Mutagenesis in the alpha3alpha4 GyrA helix and in the Toprim domain of GyrB refines the contribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase to intrinsic resistance to quinolones. (omicsdi.org)
Molecular cloning of the gyrA and gyrB genes of Bacteroides fragilis encoding DNA gyrase. (omicsdi.org)
The gyrA and gyrB genes code for proteins of 845 and 653 amino acids, respectively. (omicsdi.org)
These proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the combination of GyrA and GyrB exhibited ATP-dependent supercoiling activity. (omicsdi.org)
On the basis of the sequence information, we performed DNA amplification for sequencing and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis to examine the presumed quinolone resistance regions of gyrA and gyrB from reference strains (n = 4) and clinical isolates (n = 55). (omicsdi.org)
Both enzymes are tetramers (X 2 Y 2 ), where DNA gyrase encoded by genes gyrA and gyrB, and topoisomerase IV is encoded by parC and parE . (biomedcentral.com)

Topoisomerase IV, another type II DNA topoisomerase, is composed of 2 ParC and 2 ParE subunits. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
The genes encoding the DNA gyrase A and B subunits of Bacteroides fragilis were cloned and sequenced. (omicsdi.org)

Resistance is caused mainly by amino tance (68 isolates with MIC 16 µg/mL) was caused by acid changes in quinolone resistance-determining regions changes in gyrase ( gyrA ) and parC or parE . (cdc.gov)
In this study, we investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes among 101 ciprofloxacin-resistant urinary Escherichia coli isolates and searched for mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes in PMQR-carrying isolates. (scielo.br)
Eight isolates harboured the qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes (3 qnrS1, 1 qnrB19 and 4 aac(6')-Ib-cr). (scielo.br)
A mutational analysis of the QRDRs in qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr-positive isolates revealed mutations in gyrA, parC and parE that might be associated with high levels of resistance to quinolones. (scielo.br)
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the DNA gyrase gyrA gene from Serratia marcescens and characterization of mutations in gyrA of quinolone-resistant clinical isolates. (omicsdi.org)
DNA gyrase mutations are a major cause of quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis We therefore conducted the first comprehensive study to determine the diversity of gyrase mutations in pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) (n = 71) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (n = 30) Thai clinical tuberculosis (TB) isolates. (omicsdi.org)
A study of fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical E. coli isolates in Houston, TX, USA, showed that all isolates had one or several amino acid substitutions in GyrA, and 85 % of these isolates had additional substitutions in ParC [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Among MDR isolates, the additional resistance to pyrazinamide, amikacin, and linezolid was detected in 15(23.4%), 4(2.6%) and 1(1.56%) isolates respectively. (bvsalud.org)

Streptococcus pneumoniae), the principal target depends on the specific fluoroquinolone. (antiinfectivemeds.com)

Resistance to fluoroquinolones in S . pneu- with MIC 4-8 µg/mL) was caused by a reserpine-sensitive moniae can be acquired by point mutations, intraspecific efflux phenotype (n = 4) or single topoisomerase IV ( parC [n = 24] or parE [n = 1]) changes. (cdc.gov)
Resistance mutations in Ng map to the N-terminal cone domain of the α subunit, which we show here is involved in forming an inhibited α 4 β 4 state in the presence of the β subunit and allosteric effector dATP. (elifesciences.org)
Bacteria can acquire resistance by gaining mobile antibiotic resistance genes or by de novo mutations in pre-existing DNA. (biomedcentral.com)

Although all fluoroquinolones generally are active against both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, the drugs differ in their relative activities against these enzymes. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Fluoroquinolones inhibit type II topoisomerases, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase VI, which are enzymes that introduce double-stranded breaks in DNA to maintain DNA topology during replication and transcription. (biomedcentral.com)

To analyze the role of DNA gyrase in quinolone resistance of B. fragilis, we isolated mutant strains by stepwise selection for resistance to increasing concentrations of levofloxacin. (omicsdi.org)
Massively parallel amplicon sequencing targeting the quinolone-resistance determining region of gyrA and parC was applied to total DNA extracted from faecal samples. (biomedcentral.com)
No other substitution, including others commonly associated with quinolone resistance (D87N in GyrA, S80I in ParC) changed significantly. (biomedcentral.com)

these stabilized complexes block movement of the DNA replication fork and thereby inhibit DNA replication resulting in cell death. (antiinfectivemeds.com)

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV have distinct essential roles in bacterial DNA replication. (antiinfectivemeds.com)

Like other fluoroquinolone anti-infectives, ciprofloxacin inhibits DNA synthesis in susceptible organisms via inhibition of the enzymatic activities of 2 members of the DNA topoisomerase class of enzymes, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. (antiinfectivemeds.com)

The mechanism by which ciprofloxacin's inhibition of DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV results in death in susceptible organisms has not been fully determined. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Among the 17 species isolated from humans, 4 types of organisms are of major concern. (medscape.com)

Although enzymes that control DNA topology. (cdc.gov)

DNA gyrase introduces negative superhelical twists in DNA, an activity important for initiation of DNA replication. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
DNA gyrase also facilitates DNA replication by removing positive super helical twists. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Topoisomerase IV acts at the terminal states of DNA replication by allowing for separation of interlinked daughter chromosomes so that segregation into daughter cells can occur. (antiinfectivemeds.com)

Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine in the binding protein (PBP) is also of concern cultured on chocolate agar + polyvita- industrialized world and the decreased as it relates to 20% of non-encapsulated min supplement + bacitracin (Bio-rad, incidence of invasive diseases [1], Hae- strains isolated in Europe [9]. (who.int)

Oligo- evaluate changes in the epidemiology of resistance after nucleotides antUP and antDOWN ( 4 ) were used to detect the introduction of PCV7 in children, we compared our the ant gene. (cdc.gov)

The number of distinct genotypes encoded in each traveller was significantly reduced after their visit to India for both GyrA ( p = 0.0020) and ParC ( p = 0.0051), indicating a reduced genetic diversity, similar to that found in the Indians. (biomedcentral.com)

The interesting activities of a subset of 4-hydoxy-2-pyridones provided the impetus for synthesis of additional chemotypes with this core ( Figure 1 ) and their evaluation for effectiveness against additional pathogenic strains including Ng and N. meningitidis (Nm ). (elifesciences.org)

The calibrated machine learning algorithm was then used to predict the likelihood of existing drugs and known EVOO phytochemicals to be similar in action to the drugs impacting AD protein networks. (bvsalud.org)
The treatment of tuberculosis involves a complex procedure requiring the administration of a panel of at least four antimicrobial drugs for the duration of six months. (bvsalud.org)

The family of Chlamydiaceae comprises 3 pathogens that can infect humans: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. (lecturio.com)

In mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs, significant toxicity (including tonic/clonic convulsions) was observed with IV ciprofloxacin doses between 125 and 300 mg/kg. (antiinfectivemeds.com)

These results suggest that DNA gyrase is an important target for quinolones in B. fragilis. (omicsdi.org)
DNA gyrase is the main target of the FQs. (omicsdi.org)

The DNA gyrase ATP-dependent supercoiling activity was reconstituted by mixing equimolar amounts of the two gyrase subunits. (nih.gov)
The inhibitory effects of four representative fluoroquinolones on the DNA decatenation activity of topoisomerase IV and DNA supercoiling of gyrase have been examined and compared. (nih.gov)
All four compounds were more active in inhibiting topoisomerase IV than gyrase. (nih.gov)
Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the inhibitory activity against topoisomerase IV decatenation and DNA gyrase supercoiling. (nih.gov)
In comparison with findings from the 2002 study, quinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, topo IV clones Spain14-ST17, Spain23F-ST81, and ST8819F de- and gyrase are primary and secondary targets, respectively creased and 4 new genotypes (ST9710A, ST57016, ST43322, ( 9-13 ). (cdc.gov)
The genes encoding the DNA gyrase A and B subunits of Bacteroides fragilis were cloned and sequenced. (omicsdi.org)
To analyze the role of DNA gyrase in quinolone resistance of B. fragilis, we isolated mutant strains by stepwise selection for resistance to increasing concentrations of levofloxacin. (omicsdi.org)
These results suggest that DNA gyrase is an important target for quinolones in B. fragilis. (omicsdi.org)
DNA gyrase is the main target of the FQs. (omicsdi.org)
The sequence of the DNA gyrase gyrA gene of Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 was determined. (omicsdi.org)

[ 20 ] Concerning the acquisition of new resistance genes from other bacteria, no extrachromosomal element has been described in M. pneumoniae or in other human species. (medscape.com)
No mutations in domain II or in the ribosomal proteins L4 or L22 genes have been described in vivo . (medscape.com)
Bacteria of strain ATCC27853 were selected under different concentrations of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for six parallel lineages, followed by amplification of four target genes in the quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) and Sanger sequencing to identify the mutations. (biomedcentral.com)
Epidemiological analyses indicate that high-level resistance to FQ requires QRDR mutations in at least two genes [ 4 ], and that overexpression of the MexEF-OprN efflux pump represents a major mechanism by which P. aeruginosa can acquire higher FQ-resistance levels [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

[ 6 , 8 ] However, as M. pneumoniae is very rarely isolated from specimens and in vitro susceptibility testing is even less used for patient management purposes, the number of clinical strains tested is limited and the occurrence of acquired resistance worldwide is almost unknown. (medscape.com)
It has been described mainly in M. pneumoniae but resistant strains of M. hominis , Ureaplasma spp. (medscape.com)
Most resistant strains of M. pneumoniae harbor a A 2058 G mutation ( E. coli numbering) in the peptidyltransferase loop of 23S rRNA (Figure 1). (medscape.com)
Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine in the binding protein (PBP) is also of concern cultured on chocolate agar + polyvita- industrialized world and the decreased as it relates to 20% of non-encapsulated min supplement + bacitracin (Bio-rad, incidence of invasive diseases [1], Hae- strains isolated in Europe [9]. (who.int)
In this study, a total of 150 strains of S. pneumoniae were collected from 5 local hospitals in the past two years, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and penicillin were determined by agar double dilution method to select the drug-resistant strains. (bvsalud.org)

Sequencing studies of several mycoplasma genomes, including that of M. pneumoniae , have revealed that only a small amount of genetic information is dedicated to DNA repair. (medscape.com)

Resistance to fluoroquinolones in S . pneu- with MIC 4-8 µg/mL) was caused by a reserpine-sensitive moniae can be acquired by point mutations, intraspecific efflux phenotype (n = 4) or single topoisomerase IV ( parC [n = 24] or parE [n = 1]) changes. (cdc.gov)
[ 21 ] It has been shown in other bacteria that the lack of some DNA repair systems such as, the mut gene, is associated with a mutator phenotype. (medscape.com)

Oligo- evaluate changes in the epidemiology of resistance after nucleotides antUP and antDOWN ( 4 ) were used to detect the introduction of PCV7 in children, we compared our the ant gene. (cdc.gov)

The expression of four efflux pump proteins was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the relative quantitation method, with the ATCC27853 strain used as a control. (biomedcentral.com)

two species long known to be tetracycline-resistant, but also on M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium , two species with high antibiotic susceptibility in which macrolide resistance is now becoming a problem. (medscape.com)
Among the 17 species isolated from humans, 4 types of organisms are of major concern. (medscape.com)
Hence, the replication proteins that are highly conserved among bacterial species are attractive targets to develop novel antibiotics as the compounds are unlikely to demonstrate off-target effects. (mdpi.com)

Although the fundamental strategies to duplicate chromosomes are similar in all free-living organisms, the enzymes of the three domains of life that perform similar functions in DNA replication differ in amino acid sequence and their three-dimensional structures. (mdpi.com)

This system allows these bacteria to directly inject effector proteins into the host cell, where they subvert host cell defense and signaling systems [ 4 ]. (koreamed.org)

to evaluate the efficiency of the standard influenzae may produce various clinical phenotypic identification by comparing Capsular typing syndromes including meningitis [4]. (who.int)

Capsular switching was associated with emergence of a serotype 19A variant of a formerly serotype 4 clone ( 5 ) related to immunity pressure sustained after a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was introduced into the United States. (cdc.gov)

the major clone is Netherlands 8-ST53, which has been detected worldwide and is typically susceptible to antimicrobial drugs ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
This well-known phenomenon was the origin of the major penicillin-resistant clone (serotype 14 variant of the Spain 9V-ST156 clone), which caused invasive pneumococcal disease in Spain in the 2000s ( 4 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)

Microbial evolution experiments comprise a powerful approach to examining pathogen adaptation to antibiotics during the evolutionary process in real-time and under highly controlled laboratory conditions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The reconstituted topoisomerase IV showed to generate efficient ATP-dependent DNA decatenation activity. (nih.gov)

Anatomy3

Organisms7

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes25

Information Science3

GyrB9

Subunits2

Isolates8

Streptococcus1

Mutations3

Fluoroquinolones2

Quinolone3

Inhibit1

Bacterial1

Fluoroquinolone1

Organisms2

Topology1

Replication3

Concern1

Resistance1

Genotypes1

Synthesis1

Drugs2

Humans1

Ciprofloxacin1

Target2

Gyrase10

Genes4

Strains5

Mycoplasma1

Phenotype2

Nucleotides1

Efflux1

Species3

Amino1

Bacteria1

Meningitis1

Capsular1

Major2

Laboratory1

Activity1